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Selling Pharmaka, Buying Health in Ancient Greece and Rome
In antiquity, selling pharmacological preparations and recipes could mean very big business indeed. The import and trade of exotic pharmacological ingredients, in particular those coming from India, has received some scholarly attention but the process whereby these ingredients were combined into desirable concoctions, advertised and sold has been more neglected. This monograph attempts to bridge the gap between ancient medical and socio-economic history, addressing an academic audience of both social and economic historians as well as historians of medicine and technology. It examines material from the fifth century BCE (the date of the first medical treatises included in the Hippocratic Corpus) to the seventh century (the century in which Paul of Aegina, the last of the early Byzantine medical authors, composed his work) with a particular focus on the period from the first century BCE to the third century CE.
The Land Where Nothing Works
Tracing the origins of Britain’s current malaise to the abandonment of social democracyWhat has happened to Britain? As drivers on its roads can attest, it is the pothole capital of Europe. Once-beautiful towns now feature peeling paint, weeds, and broken railings. Public services are no longer fit for purpose. A malaise seems to infect every aspect of British life: its economy, polity, social order, sense of well-being, domestic regional relationships, and place in the world. In The Land Where Nothing Works, the distinguished historian A. G. Hopkins offers an explanation, tracing Britain’s current problems to decisions made in the 1980s that abandoned its postwar experiment in social democracy and mimicked policies of deregulation and privatisation promoted by the United States. In 1945, the new Labour government’s development programme aimed at creating a social democracy that would benefit all members of society. The counterrevolution launched by Margaret Thatcher’s government in 1979, which remains in force today, promoted individualism and deregulation. The transition from one programme to another was a response to the growth of finance and services centred on the City of London, and to decolonisation, which redirected trade to Europe. The expansion of credit led to the financial crisis of 2008 and the years of austerity that followed, and fuelled the populist movement that culminated in Brexit. Hopkins argues that, instead of following the free-market policies of its mentor, the United States, Britain should draw on its own history of social democracy and borrow from its neighbours in Europe, where communitarian principles continue to be upheld.
The Museum of Imaginary Musical Instruments
The Museum of Imaginary Musical Instruments is a guided tour through centuries of instruments that never existed. From ancient myths to futuristic media, these imagined devices appear in literature, theory, video games and art, at times echoing real instruments, other times pushing far beyond the bounds of technology. This book presents a wide-ranging collection of such creations, showing how they reflect changing ideas about sound, invention and the limits of the possible. At once a cultural history and a study of creative thought, it uncovers unexpected links between music, design and the human urge to make meaning through sound. These are not just fictional artefacts – they are windows into what music might mean, even when it cannot be played.
Real Wrexham
In Real Wrexham: Becoming the City local writer Sara Erddig explores the melting pot of communities, cultures and histories which make Wrexham what it is today. This place has seen a lot of change since Grahame Davies wrote the first Real Wrexham in 2007, not least the Hollywood takeover of its football club. Sara’s illustrated, offbeat guide brings the story right up to date, presenting Wrexham through her eyes. Taking in everything from its industrial past to its thriving arts scene, from Wrexham the town to Wrexham the city (as the county became in 2022), she’s out on the ground celebrating Wrexham in its city ‘era’, and as you’ve never seen it before.
The Emperor Incognito
The first complete account of Emperor Joseph II’s undercover journey through his kingdom It is the middle of the eighteenth century, and across Europe signs of crisis are everywhere. Travelling incognito, and without the customary pomp and entourage, the young emperor Joseph II journeys through the Holy Roman Empire and his Habsburg lands to see with his own eyes how his subjects live, suffer, and starve. Moving between the world of kings and queens and that of ordinary people in their hospitals and factories, he is persuaded by Enlightenment ideas of progress and liberty. Visiting his sister, Marie Antoinette in Versailles, he senses the French Revolution looming and realises that reform is imperative if he is to build a modern state. The Emperor Incognito tells the story of an extraordinary man in an age of great upheaval, who spent a quarter of his twenty-five-year reign on the road. The result of his radical ambition and titanic efforts, despite his own admission (as inscribed on his tombstone) that he ‘failed in everything he undertook’, was the foundation of a more modern Austrian monarchy, in a Europe in which progress would no longer be determined solely by its rulers.
How To Fly A Spitfire
For anyone interested in the simple thrills of old-fashioned oily machines, the Spitfire is considered a mechanical work of art. How To Fly A Spitfire takes those with a keen sense of mechanical curiosity on a fascinating tour of this remarkable machine, and gives a unique impression of what it’s like to actually pilot one.First-flown in March 1936, and operated by both the RAF and the US Air Force throughout the Second World War and beyond, the Spitfire is a machine of deep cultural significance. Aside from its key role in the Battle of Britain and the rest of the war, it’s elegant design, impressive performance and powerful Rolls Royce Merlin engine ensure its endless fascination to aviation fans.Much more fun than an overly technical deep dive, How To Fly A Spitfire offers a readable, satisfying and accessible step-by-step walkthrough of the highlights of this machine and its incredible operational life. From the basics of starting the engine and preparing for flight, to an outline of its aerobatic abilities and some fundamentals of keeping this complicated plane airworthy, this brings the Spitfire home to aviation fans everywhere.
The British Imagination
‘Extensive and intelligent . . . a guide to the nature of British intellectual curiosity’ SpectatorThe reign of Queen Elizabeth I ushered in an unprecedented age of exploration and discovery. Over 500 years that saw ‘the greatest expansion of ideas and knowledge the world has ever seen’, a small island nation, for centuries a cultural backwater, asserted itself as a world power. Breathtaking in scope, embracing literature, science, art, religion, philosophy and politics, The British Imagination brings to life those centuries between Elizabeth I and II, and asks the provocative question – are we still living in a British 'metaphysical empire'?From the acclaimed author of The German Genius and The French Mind, this is a lively and deeply researched history of the most influential personalities and ideas that made modern Britain. ‘Intriguing insights about the contemporary Anglosphere . . . nuanced and appreciative’ Financial Times‘Peter Watson has form when it comes to probing a nation’s psyche . . . Ambitious and stimulating’ Country Life
The Book in the Cathedral
Medieval manuscript historian and author of the widely acclaimed Meetings with Remarkable Manuscripts discovers the most intimate surviving relic of Thomas Beckett. The assassination of Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral on December 29, 1170, is one of the most famous events in European history. It inspired the largest pilgrim site in medieval Europe and many works of literature from Chaucer''s Canterbury Tales to T. S. Eliot''s Murder in the Cathedral and Anouilh''s Becket. In a brilliant piece of historical detective work, Christopher de Hamel here identifies the Anglo-Saxon Psalter which Becket cherished throughout his time as Archbishop of Canterbury and which he may even have been holding when he was murdered. Beautifully illustrated, this is an exciting rediscovery of one of the most evocative artifacts of medieval England and the only surviving relic from Becket''s shrine.
Britain's Revolutionary Summer
Midnight, 30 April 1926. Mineowners lock out a million miners. In response, British workers across the country down their tools. Britain’s first General Strike has begun. The government feared that the country was teetering on the brink of revolution. Trade union leaders thought they’d be shot by the end of the week. For nine days, trains, buses and trams stopped running. Lorries could only leave the docks protected by military convoy. In Birmingham, the police hunted down city councillors, and in London they raided trade union headquarters. And for those in the coalfields, from South Wales to Scotland, the strike would not last nine days, but nine months. On the strike’s centenary, Edd Mustill tells the story of why millions of workers came out on strike, and why the government did all it could to quash them.
Queen Elizabeth II
THE MAJOR NEW BIOGRAPHY OF THE LATE QUEEN: AN INSTANT SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER. 'Impeccably researched . . . Hugo Vickers offers us his piercing insights into the innermost workings of the Royal family' - DAILY MAIL'His knowledge of royalty and aristocracy is encyclopaedic . . . and his deep emotional connection with Elizabeth II and certain members of her family is given full throttle. The detail about a very public woman who, at the same time, was very private, is so remarkable' - TELEGRAPH 5-STAR REVIEW'The closest thing to an authorised life one is likely to read. Intelligent, intuitive and scrupulously researched' - QUADRANT MAGAZINE'A perfect match between subject and writer . . . The level of detail in Queen Elizabeth II: A Personal History is unequalled' - THE TIMES'Vickers is the Tolstoy of royal biography, creating a vast and detailed panorama, the eccentric footnotes a glorious satire of scholarship.' - SPECTATORQueen Elizabeth II occupies a unique place in the hearts of her people, and in this major biography marking the Centenary of her birth, acclaimed royal historian Hugo Vickers sheds new light on the woman behind the greatest reign in British history. Based on six decades of close research into her life and reign, this master work contains not only archival research and close personal observation but many hours of conversation with those who knew and worked with The Queen. After a supremely happy decade of early childhood, a certain gravitas descended with the death of her beloved grandfather, George V, and the Abdication of her uncle Edward VIII. As Vickers reveals in impeccable prose, she accepted her destiny and worked steadfastly to prepare for what was to come, dedicating her life to the service of the Commonwealth. On her twenty-first birthday in 1947, she made a promise to serve and kept it for a remarkable seventy-five years. She was steadfast and conciliatory and presided calmly over decades of change, political upheaval and family tragedy. Described by the Financial Times as 'the most knowledgeable royal biographer on the planet', Vickers is completely at home in the world of Queen Elizabeth II. He has worked with members of her family on various projects and also met with members of her Household. He first met The Queen in 1968 and had his last conversation with her in June 2022. This is his most incisive book yet, decoding hidden patterns in our most iconic monarch's behaviour to illuminate her as never before. -----Queen Elizabeth II was an instant Top 10 Sunday Times bestseller in the w/c 13.04.2026.
The Once and Future World Order
The epic history of world order, revealing how the decline of the West may be a good thing for its future. Since the dawn of the twenty-first century, the West has been in crisis. Social unrest, political polarization, and the rise of other great powers - especially China - threaten to unravel today's Western-led world order. Many fear this would lead to global chaos. But this is a Western illusion. Surveying five thousand years of global history, political scientist Amitav Acharya reveals that world order existed long before the rise of the West. Moving from ancient Sumer, India, Greece, and Mesoamerica, through medieval caliphates and Eurasian empires into the present, Acharya shows that humanitarian values, economic interdependence, and rules of inter-state conduct emerged across the globe over millennia. History suggests order will endure even as the West retreats. Instead of fearing the future, the West should learn from history and cooperate with the Rest to forge a more equitable order.
Preparing for War
An original conceptual approach to the study of war, attempting to capture the entire phenomenon of military adaptation—whether strategic, institutional or in the field. The unravelling of the post-Cold War order has intensified geopolitical tensions, driving a global increase in defence spending. Most military organisations are engaged in a process of drastic transformation, trying to scale their activities, learn from contemporary battlefields, and improve readiness. Yet armed forces engaged in such reforms must solve a major dilemma: how to adapt to an uncertain future without losing their current identity, coherence or operational effectiveness. In this incisive and timely study, Olivier Schmitt explores how modern militaries adapt, or fail to adapt, to evolving threats, technologies and political constraints. Drawing on global case-studies--from the trenches of Ukraine to the halls of the People's Liberation Army leadership--he investigates how social expectations, political constraints and organisational cultures collide in the worldwide quest to reform the military. Essential reading for defence professionals, policymakers and scholars of international security, Preparing for War equips readers with the tools to grasp not only the 'how' but the 'why' behind military transformation. In an era of rising defence budgets and shrinking certainties, this book delivers crucial insights into the future of war--and the institutions that must be ready for it.
Undefeatable
'This is the account we've been starved of: an insight into Ukraine from an authoritative British writer who has skin in the country’s game. ‘Odesa is my discovered heart,’ confesses Julian Evans, who fell in love with a woman from this constantly beguiling Black Sea port and started a family there, ‘the place that's given me what I need for more than twenty-five years.’ An outsider turned insider, his deep personal involvement compelled him to the front line of an unprovoked war without precedent in Europe for nearly eighty years. His vivid, first-hand reportage shows how Odesa’s story is inseparable from Ukraine’s – and more than that, how it has become our story too.' -Nicholas Shakespeare
Offshore Oildom
Offshore Oildom tells the riveting story of the United States' quest to secure the oil riches of the sea. Drawing on a wealth of untapped sources, Tyler Priest reveals how the offshore oil industry emerged from an ambitious project to incorporate the ocean's submerged lands into the territory of the United States. These lands were frontier spaces, beyond traditional jurisdiction and control. Efforts to commandeer them for oil and gas extraction thus required new institutions of governance. From the titanic struggle over the tidelands starting in the 1930s to Project Independence in the 1970s, the process of establishing an offshore dominion of oil provoked intractable conflicts over money, values, and power. It pitted coastal states against their land-locked counterparts and captains of industry against federal civil servants and coastal communities. It stoked partisan and internecine warfare. It set off an international race to annex offshore territory, complicating U.S. foreign-policy objectives. It weighed on the minds of Supreme Court justices and troubled every occupant of the White House from Franklin Roosevelt forward. The modern environmental movement was born in opposition to offshore oil just as the 1970s energy crisis compelled the acceleration of drilling in the ocean. Creating and governing an offshore oildom involved nothing less than redrawing the territorial borders of the nation, rebuilding the political foundations of the U.S. energy system, and testing the environmental limits of resource extraction. This history is essential to understanding the tension between energy security and environmental protection in modern America.
The Roman World War
How the ruthless contest among Julius Caesar’s heirs ignited a global war that raged far beyond the borders of RomeThe succession of civil wars that plagued the last years of the Roman Republic has often been portrayed as a settling of scores between Roman factions—Sulla against Marius, Caesar against Pompey, Octavian against Mark Antony—with foreign campaigns serving as a backdrop to the tragic spectacle. The Roman World War recasts the struggle for Rome as a global conflict that engulfed millions of non-Romans across Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. Shedding new light on the pivotal years spanning Caesar’s assassination in 44 BCE and the suicides of Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 30 BCE, Giusto Traina introduces readers to lesser-known figures such as the Cilician dynast Tarcondimotus, the king of the Moors Bogud, and the Armenian king Artawazd, men who influenced Rome’s politics and who played consequential roles in battles waged far beyond the borders of the Imperium Romanum. Traina demonstrates how the violence unleashed by Caesar’s death was a direct consequence of his expansionist plans. From Spain to Mesopotamia, peoples such as Berbers, Hispanics, Gauls, Greeks, Thracians, and Armenians were drawn into a global war in which the fate of Rome was tied to their own. A global, “connected” history that transforms our understanding of the Republic’s final years, The Roman World War demonstrates how foreign nations and peoples were not merely pawns in the Roman civil wars but active protagonists in a great power struggle that shook the ancient world for fourteen intense years.
Women and Resistance in the "Annals" of Tacitus
Women and Resistance in the Annals of Tacitus explores how Tacitus often represents a Roman woman's relationship to the imperial household and its members as one of resistance. Throughout his Annals, women discover ways to resist without relying on traditional forms of power. Women engage in political protests, legal disputes, public processions, and subversive religious rituals. They demonstrate resistance in acts of mourning and commemoration and overturn gender stereotypes by enduring pain and displaying courage in death. Tacitus illustrates how women's public movements, rituals, suicides, and survivals become sites of resistance and opportunities for civic engagement open to women. Caitlin C. Gillespie situates nonimperial Roman women at the fore, reading them in comparison with Tacitus's narratives of imperial women and hierarchies of power. With this new analytical approach, stereotypes against women are variously confirmed or denied, challenged or evoked as evidence, or employed as a means of attack or defense. Women emerge to claim agency over their bodies, reputations, and actions, and though a vulnerable population, refuse to be passive victims of their circumstances.
The Fight for a Supranational World
In the 1848-1867 period, the Habsburg Adriatic was contended by incipient nationalisms, particularly the Italian, German, and South Slavic. The Fight for a Supranational World focuses on Trieste, Fiume/Rijeka, and Dalmatia, where opposing nationalisms found themselves at grips with centuries-long traditions of municipal autonomy, dynastic loyalty, regional patriotism, and ethnic hybridity—all qualities enshrined within Habsburg supranationalism. There were attempts by nationalist activists to exploit ethnic and linguistic elements to form or join national states, but these largely failed until much later in the century. Contrary to the current consensus within nationalism scholarship, which is steeped in the notion of "liberal nationalism," The Fight for a Supranational World argues that in 1848 and the following years, nationalism was illiberal due to its exclusionary or assimilatory tendencies in its quest for cultural and linguistic homogeneity. This work also shows how Habsburg supranationalism, neglected within nationalism studies and political science more broadly, needs to be the bedrock for more accurate theorizations of nationalism that would prove the relevance of Elie Kedourie's and Eugen Weber's works, among others, despite Ernest Gellner's and Benedict Anderson's enduring popularity.
Here Where We Live Is Our Country
A vivid, human and radical history of one of the most powerful revolutionary movements of the twentieth century - told through the lives and in the voices of countless forgotten men and women**THE INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER**‘Lush, high-tempo, strikingly poignant ... The relevance for our present moment is impossible to ignore’ Guardian‘Thrillingly energetic, delightful, vivid’ New York Times Book Review‘Reading it feels revolutionary’ Naomi KleinHere Where Live Is Our Country is the story of a revolutionary movement – the Jewish Bund – which played a part in nearly every major conflict in Eastern Europe from 1900-1945, but still remains an almost unknown part of twentieth-century history. The movement’s central philosophy of “herenes” – the belief that Jews had a right to freedom and dignity in the countries where they lived – led them to fight the Tsar, reject Zionism, resist the Nazis, and ultimately help lead the Warsaw ghetto revolt. It is also a philosophy that immediately resonates with the political situation all over the world today. In this book, Molly Crabapple tells the story of the Bund through the lives of the bold and brilliant individuals who were pivotal to carrying out the doctrine, including her own great-grandfather, through whom she first discovered the movement. ‘Crabapple, with this great work, adds to her growing legacy as a unique American genius’ Jason Stanley‘Recounts, with a novelist’s mastery of detail, one of the most extraordinary rebellions of the human spirit in modern history’ Pankaj Mishra‘A masterful storyteller who possesses an admirable sense of history and writes with verve and wit … Here Where We Live Is Our Country is a true tour de force’ Jon Lee Anderson
Civil War Camps and Soldier Health
An immersive analysis of camp life and soldiers’ well-being during the Civil WarThe Civil War was a watershed in public awareness of the many health-related issues soldiers faced while living in camps. Sanitarians among civilians and regular army officers attempted to meet those challenges by addressing a range of topics associated with preventive healthcare in the volunteer army. The US Sanitary Commission, a nongovernmental agency sanctioned by the Federal government, created a massive campaign to study conditions in semipermanent camps and advise unit commanders how to avoid unnecessary illness and curb soldier deaths by disease. Commission inspectors, mostly civilian physicians, examined camps from 1861 to early 1864 and filed more than 1,400 reports of their findings. Earl J. Hess delves deeply into 280 of those reports, shedding new and startling light on camp conditions. Addressing camp situation, shelter, clothing, personal cleanliness, garbage disposal, latrines, food, cooking, water, alcohol, morale, recruit examination, smallpox vaccination, regimental hospitals, and officer supervision, the camp inspection returns are unique snapshots of what it was like to live in a Union army camp. The reports reveal that sanitation varied widely from unit to unit and across time periods. Volunteer regimental officers and surgeons were often unable to take sanitary principles seriously, and disposing of garbage and human waste was often nonexistent. Overall, the volunteer regiments did well enough to get by, but they did not achieve high marks for military effectiveness when it came to preventive healthcare. Civil War Camps and Soldier Health is a thought-provoking, impeccably researched volume that enriches our understanding of the sanitation challenges facing the Union army camps as well as how these challenges were recorded and examined by early researchers.
Pridajte sa k nám na ceste časom s našou komplexnou kolekciou encyklopédií zaoberajúcich sa históriou. Táto kategória obsahuje všetko od praveku až po súčasnosť. Študujte historické udalosti, významné osobnosti, dôležité civilizácie a momenty, ktoré formovali svet, v ktorom žijeme dnes. Ideálne pre študentov, učiteľov, ako aj pre všeobecných historických nadšencov, naše encyklopédie sú zdrojom nevyčerpaných informácií a zábavného poznávania.
Mnohé encyklopédie sú bohato ilustrované, čo umožňuje čitateľom lepšie vizualizovať a porozumieť historickým udalostiam a obdobiam.
