Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné - História strana 102 z 168
História 
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Raise the Flag!
The Division was created as part of the 1944 expansion of the Waffen SS and was rooted in Hitler’s policy of divide and rule that he implemented even among his closest confidants. It was Hitler himself who made the decision that the division should be manned using volunteers from the Sturm Abteilung (SA) and bearing the name of the SA ‘martyr’ Horst Wessel, knowing that this would be anathema to Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS. Virtually no volunteers were forthcoming, which resulted in the division being fleshed out using ethnic Germans from the Hungarian/Yugoslav border regions, built around the 1st SS Motorised Infantry Brigade, a notorious ‘Anti-Partisan’ unit.The history of the Division offers a new perspective on the war in the East precisely because the unit was not feted, was not famous. Its equipment and training were inadequate. The assault guns earmarked for the Panzer Battalion were re-allocated to the 12th SS Panzer Division ‘Hitler Jugend’ and the Panzerjäger Battalion was trained using ‘Hetzer’ tank destroyers but was issued with unfamiliar Stug III assault guns on the eve of battle. For most of the war the Division conducted a fighting retreat until final capitulation in Czechoslovakia. Through meticulous research in primary sources, James O’Brien adds significant new insights into the war on the Eastern Front.
Kaman H-2 Seasprite
A detailed, highly illustrated history of the Kaman H-2, including more than 300 images. Kaman developed the Seasprite for the US Navy, specifically for shipborne operations. The type was adopted in 1962 and remained in service for more than 30 years, seeing combat both in Vietnam and during Operation Desert Storm. The Seasprite performed admirably in a wide variety of roles, including antisubmarine warfare and search and rescue. This a detailed, highly illustrated history of the Kaman H-2 and includes more than 300 images. Author Wayne Mutza served as an Army helicopter crew chief during the Vietnam War and has authored more than two dozen books on military history and technology.
Nose Art of the 5th Air Force
More than 1,000 images of the boldest aircraft nose artworks of the 5th Air Force during WWII; includes contextual information on individual artists and specific planes. This massive volume includes more than 1,150 vintage images of WWII aircraft nose art. The artwork appears on American planes in the Pacific theater, specifically from the US 5th Air Force. Readers will see all kinds of aircraft, from bombers to fighters and cargo planes. The artists range from amateurs to professionals, and the subjects include both the famous female "pin-ups" and more-aggressive militaristic or animal designs. The bulk of the photos are sourced from the author''s private collection and are previously unpublished. Text accompanying the images includes combat histories of specific aircraft and crews, along with biographical information on prolific artists.
The Undying Light
This remarkable memoir, and history of India after Independence, by one of India’s most distinguished public intellectuals, begins with his memories, at the age of three, of the assassination of his paternal grandfather, Mahatma Gandhi. From this poignant opening note, the book expands into numerous encounters with personalities both Indian and foreign, ‘eminent’ as well as little known, and original insights into key events and turning points of modern Indian history, many of which he was an eyewitness to as secretary to presidents R. Venkataraman and K. R. Narayanan, and as governor of West Bengal and Bihar.
North Sea Oil
Charting the development of the North Sea Oil business from the early days, when oil companies hired seismic ships to go out and use dynamite to try to determine whether there was any oil out there, to the modern day, this is a fascinating history of oil and gas exploration, development and production in the North Sea. This was a drama enacted out of sight of land, in the freezing waters of one of the world’s most hostile seas. All the major oil companies wanted to get in on the act, as well as the traditional Gulf of Mexico ship operators, and the British shipping industry.Legislation was always frantically trying to catch up with events – but without holding the oil companies back – leading to what read like back-of-an-envelope calculations such as: ‘The emergency plans for the installation must ensure that individuals working in such areas of the platforms have access to life jackets and immersion suits which will enable a thin man – more susceptible to hypothermia than a fat one – to survive for three hours in the water.’It is a story of appalling conditions, monumental feats of engineering and a new frontier in the race for energy independence.
A Medieval Cabinet of Curiosities
Within these pages, discover remarkable and ingenious objects that defy explanation and reveal fascinating aspects of medieval life. A treasure trove of forgotten wonders is unveiled, inviting you to witness the marvels that once adorned cabinets of curiosities, offering a glimpse into a world where the extraordinary was a daily spectacle. Here fifty intriguing objects, often found lurking in the shadows of museums or churches, are presented. From the marvellous to the bizarre, from the ingenious to the terrifying, from the macabre to the unknown, whether usual or extraordinary in the life of a medieval person, some objects remain completely strange to our contemporary eyes, and sometimes even a little frightening. Whether it’s the miraculous story of the statue of Christ that takes on the leprosy of a patient, an explanation of the use of urinals in the Middle Ages or the history of the first prosthesis, each object is recontextualized allowing the reader to understand its origin and usage. Unearth the unknown as the past comes to life through Lorris Chevalier’s carefully curated collection of medieval objects which will spark your imagination and take you on a compelling journey through the enigmatic corridors of history.
John Morton
John Morton (c. 1420–1500) was one of the most important men in the land from the Wars of the Roses to the start of the Tudor dynasty. Yet he has been largely ignored in recent times.He was a man of great character and influence over politics and the Church. He lived into his eighties, having served three kings as a councillor, Master of the Rolls, Lord Chancellor, bishop, Archbishop of Canterbury and Cardinal. He was a key figure in the early Tudor state. He had escaped from the Tower of London, lived in exile twice, and was a major adversary of Richard III. He funded the building of Hatfield Palace, the first drainage of the fens, and the central tower of Canterbury Cathedral. The Morton Missal contained the first printed music in England.As S. B. Chrimes observed, ‘Although there can be little doubt that Morton was the key figure in Henry VII’s government, nothing approaching an adequate study of his life and role has yet been published.’ In fact, no detailed biography of Morton has been produced since Victorian times.This book follows John Morton’s career through the reigns of Henry VI and Edward IV, and his central role in opposition to Richard III, before his fifteen years as Lord Chancellor to Henry VII, which were crucial to the establishment of the Tudor dynasty.
In the Forest of Metropoles
A chronicle of the diversity and wealth of cultures, predominantly from Eastern Europe, that have played a formative role in shaping contemporary Europe but now risk being forgotten. A Herodotus of Mitteleuropa, cultural historian Karl-Markus Gauß is essential reading for anyone trying to understand the breadth and complexities of cultures and societies in Europe before, during, and after its decades of division in the twentieth century. In this book, Gauß takes his readers on a thirteen-station journey across Europe. From Brussels to Istanbul and from Naples to Opole, Gauß weaves a Sebaldian web of connection and coincidence into a hybrid cultural history. Significantly, Gauß’s metropoles are not the well-trodden, thoroughly explored, and minutely documented megalopolises and cultural capitals that have been mythologized by writers great and small. There are no visits to Berlin, Paris, Rome, or Madrid, although he does make time for Vienna, where he looks not for imperial remnants, but for traces of genius unrecognized by most. Gauß’s lodestars are small but cosmopolitan towns on the periphery, such as Slaghenaufi, Vacaresti, Fontevraud, Dragatus, Vrzdenec, and Sélestat. In these far-flung towns, Gauß assembles a canon of overlooked humanists, expelled or extinguished by political and historical forces that swept the continent.
American Imperatives
What was the cold war? Conventional wisdom makes it coextensive with an epoch stretching from the end of the Second World War to the collapse of the Soviet Union, a geopolitical period dominated by the confrontation between the United States and the USSR. In a fundamental challenge to prevailing orthodoxy, Anders Stephanson explodes this misconception, which has misled historians and obscured the US-centered nature of the entire process. He argues that "the cold war" is better understood as the frame that made the global role of the US after 1947 not only possible but imperative, and that in its classic form it ended in 1963, after the Cuban Missile Crisis.<br><br><i>American Imperatives </i>does not assume that the causes of the great superpower rivalry rest solely with the United States. But the frame was unmistakably and ineradicably American. Without it, there would not have been, properly speaking, a cold war.
Midnight on the Potomac
Told with a page-turning pace and eye-opening cast of characters, Ellsworth sets out to correct a pivotal moment of American history that we have gotten completely wrong-until now. Jam-packed with fresh, revelatory evidence, Ellsworth''s research strongly infers that by the time that the house lights dimmed inside of Ford''s Theatre on the evening of April 14th, 1865, Booth had been working alongside, if not in direct concert with, the Confederate Secret Service for nearly a year. Historians have long ignored that during the last ten months of the Civil War, the Confederacy launched a desperate, audacious war of terror against the north. In the North, Rebels attempted to derail trains, set buildings on fire, spread smallpox, and undermined public support for the Union army. Instead, history books and schools teach that John Wilkes Booth acted alone, was admired by neither side, and was a second-rate actor. This couldn''t have been further from the truth: Booth was charming, a world-famous performer, and-most importantly-an ardent supporter of the Confederacy. In the sweltering summer heat of 1864, President Abraham Lincoln had a front-row view of the Civil War, as he dodged firing bullets from the approaching Confederate army at Fort Stevens. It was the first time in American history that a sitting president would come under enemy fire, but the history books would put a far greater focus on his assassination just eight months later. In Midnight on the Potomac, Scott Ellsworth rewrites history, arguing that the two events were in fact connected and that Lincolns'' assassination was likely ordered by leaders of the Confederate Army.
Derby: A Potted History
The area around Derby has been inhabited for millennia – from prehistory, through Roman, Anglo-Saxon and Viking settlements. The Mercian queen Ethelflaeda won a significant victory against the Vikings at Derby and the town became an important monastic centre in the Middle Ages and was in the front line of later conflicts during the Civil War and the Jacobite Rebellion. The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries marked the development of industrial Derby, including the new porcelain industry, and at the same time it attracted a group of Enlightenment thinkers, artists, scientists and reforming industrialists, including Erasmus Darwin and Joseph Wright, who were to leave their mark on the country. Famous manufacturing names such as Rolls-Royce made Derby their home and today’s city is now redeveloping itself in a post-industrial world.Illustrated throughout, this accessible historical portrait of the transformation that Derby has undergone through the ages will be of great interest to residents, visitors, and all those with links to the city.
The Saint in the Banyan Tree
The Saint in the Banyan Tree is a nuanced and historically persuasive exploration of Christianity’s remarkable trajectory as a social and cultural force in southern India. Starting in the seventeenth century, when the religion was integrated into Tamil institutions of caste and popular religiosity, this study moves into the twentieth century, when Christianity became an unexpected source of radical transformation for the country’s ‘untouchables’ (dalits). Mosse shows how caste was central to the way in which categories of ‘religion’ and ‘culture’ were formed and negotiated in missionary encounters, and how the social and semiotic possibilities of Christianity lead to a new politic of equal rights in South India. Skillfully combining archival research with anthropological fieldwork, this book examines the full cultural impact of Christianity on Indian religious, social and political life.
The Vanishing Age of Sail
Kelsick Wood was a nineteenth-century Georgian shipbuilder in Maryport, Cumberland, with a private passion for painting. He combined his two loves in his journals, where shipyard contracts and inventories share their pages with beautiful and curious watercolour pictures. The Vanishing Age of Sail revels in the rich, textured story behind these little books. It shows how each small shipyard on Britain’s coast played its part in Britain’s economic expansion in the nineteenth century. It is also a personal tale, and the faces which look out from Kelsick’s journals remind us that these wooden ships and brigs carried the dreams and livelihoods of all those who owned, commanded and crewed them.Simon Francis Brown’s highly visual title speaks immediately to lovers of maritime history, illustration and the Georgian era, drawing in daydreamers and doodlers alike.
The Art of War
Written in the 6th century BC, Sun Tzu?s The Art of War is still used as a book of military strategy today. Napoleon, Mae Zedong, General Vo Nguyen Giap and General Douglas MacArthur all claimed to have drawn inspiration from it. And beyond the world of war, business and management gurus have also applied Sun Tzu?s ideas to office politics and corporate strategy. Using a new translation by James Trapp and including editorial notes, this bilingual edition of The Art of War lays the original Chinese text opposite the modern English translation. The book contains the full original 13 chapters on such topics as laying plans, attacking by stratagem, weaponry, terrain and the use of spies. Sun Tzu addresses different campaign situations, marching, energy and how to exploit your enemy?s weaknesses. Of immense influence to great leaders across millennia, The Art of War is a classic text richly deserving this exquisite edition. A beautifully packaged book for anyone interested in strategy, war and Chinese civilization A classic text, classically presented A new and authoritative translation with notes
dostupné aj ako:
Gdansk
It was where World War II began on September 1, 1939. Its wartime experience was immortalized in Günter Grass`s The Tin Drum. Later it attracted worldwide attention as the site where workers` strikes led by Lech Walesa and the ensuing Solidarity movement led to the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. Proud Hanseatic port, heart of the Baltic Sea trade, twice a "Free City," present-day liberal, cosmopolitan center: Gdańsk''s story between Germany and Poland is rich and fascinating. As Peter Oliver Loew colorfully shows, Gdańsk, also known as Danzig, is incomparable not only because of its recent past but also in how it has so uniquely embodied the tensions of the European continent over the last millennium. Situated geographically and culturally within these tensions, the city has developed a fascinating identity amid frequent conflict and shifting national affiliations. From prehistoric amber workers to early Slavic dukes, the conquest of the Teutonic Order, and submission to the Polish crown, Gdańsk''s development led to a remarkable flowering. Around 1650, no city between Moscow and Amsterdam was bigger or wealthier. As Poland''s decline culminated with the Partitions of Poland, the city ultimately found itself annexed into Prussia. The destruction of 1945 brought an almost entirely new Polish population, who rebuilt the historic center, now part of the reconstituted Polish state. Through each historical rupture, and despite the efforts of distant courts and capitals to rewrite its history, Gdańsk has maintained--or sometimes rediscovered--a connection to its own past. Today the port city on the Vistula once again thrives, drawing strength from its diversity and history. Drawing on the latest research of German and Polish historians, Peter Oliver Loew vividly portrays the politics, economy, society, culture, and everyday life of a European city par excellence.
The Last Kings of Macedonia and the Triumph of Rome
In the history of ancient Macedonia, the last three Antigonid kings--Philip V (r. 221-179), his son Perseus (r. 179-168), and the pretender Andriscus or Philip VI (r. 149-148)--are commonly overlooked in favor of their predecessors Philip II (r. 359-336) and his son Alexander the Great (r. 336-323), who established a Macedonian empire. By the time Philip V became king, Macedonia was no longer an imperial power and Rome was fast spreading its dominance over the Mediterranean. Viewed as postscripts to the kingdom''s heyday, the last Macedonian kings are often denounced for self-serving ambitions, flawed policies, and questionable personal qualities by hostile ancient writers. They are condemned for defeats by Rome that saw both the end of the monarchy and the fall of the formidable Macedonian phalanx before the Roman legion.In The Last Kings of Macedonia and the Triumph of Rome, Ian Worthington reassesses these three kings and demonstrates how such denunciations are inaccurate. Producing the first full-scale treatment of Philip V in eighty years and the first in English of Perseus and Andriscus in more than fifty, Worthington argues that this period was far from a postscript to Macedonia''s Classical greatness and disagrees that the last Antigonid kings were merely collateral damage in Rome''s ascendancy in the east. Despite superior Roman manpower and resources, Philip and Perseus often had the upper hand in their wars against Rome. As Worthington asserts, these kings deserve to be remembered for striving to preserve their kingdom''s independence against staggering odds.
Esoteric Orientalism
Esoteric Orientalism studies Victorian esotericism and academic Orientalism as the nineteenth century's most significant comparative frameworks for understanding global religions, languages, and cultures. Occultist formations like the Theosophical Society (led by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky) and Orientalist disciplines like philology and comparative religion (as exemplified by Friedrich Max Müller) both believed in the essential kinship of East and West, routed through the Aryan family hypothesis—generating new visions of race and caste even while expanding the category of self. Still, theosophy and philology shared a contentious relationship. Blavatsky's writings anticipate postcolonial commentary in critiquing Orientalist scholarly presumption; her fantastical citational practices hold a mortifying mirror to academic Orientalism. Ultimately, this study traces how heterogeneous, riven, and powerfully consequential the larger discourse of Orientalism could be. Esoteric Orientalism combines broad historical narrative with literary close reading, recasting Theosophy as a speculative and imaginative construct through which to read Orientalist discourse more broadly.
The Zambezi
The Zambezi is the fourth-longest river in Africa, and one of the continent''s principal arteries of movement, migration, conquest and commerce. In this book, historian Malyn Newitt quotes rarely used Portuguese sources that throw vivid light on the culture of the river peoples and their relations with the Portuguese creole society of the prazos. Hitherto unused manuscript material illustrates Portuguese and British colonial rule over the people of the long-lived Lunda kingdoms, and the Lozi of the Barotse Floodplain. The Zambezi became a war zone during the ''Scramble for Africa'', the struggle for independence and the civil wars that followed the departure of colonial powers. Recent history has also seen the river''s wild nature tamed by the introduction of steamers and the building of bridges and dams. These developments have changed the character of the waterway, and impacted--often drastically--the ecological systems of the valley and those settled along its course. The Zambezi traces the history of the communities that have lived along this great river; their relationship with the states formed on the high veldt; and the ways they have adapted to the vagaries of the Zambezi itself, with its annual floods, turbulent rapids and dramatic gorges.
At Home in Roman Egypt
What was life like for ordinary people who lived in Roman Egypt? In this volume, Anna Lucille Boozer reconstructs and examines the everyday lives of non-elite individuals. It is the first book to bring a 'life course' approach to the study of Roman Egypt and Egyptology more generally. Based on evidence drawn from objects, portraits, and letters, she focuses on the quotidian details that were most meaningful to those who lived during the centuries of Roman occupation. Boozer explores these individuals through each phase of the life cycle – from conception, childbirth, childhood, and youth, to adulthood and old age – and focuses on essential themes such as religion, health, disability, death, and the afterlife. Illuminating the lives of people forgotten by most historians, her richly illustrated volume also shows how ordinary people experienced and enacted social and cultural change.
Pridajte sa k nám na ceste časom s našou komplexnou kolekciou encyklopédií zaoberajúcich sa históriou. Táto kategória obsahuje všetko od praveku až po súčasnosť. Študujte historické udalosti, významné osobnosti, dôležité civilizácie a momenty, ktoré formovali svet, v ktorom žijeme dnes. Ideálne pre študentov, učiteľov, ako aj pre všeobecných historických nadšencov, naše encyklopédie sú zdrojom nevyčerpaných informácií a zábavného poznávania.
Mnohé encyklopédie sú bohato ilustrované, čo umožňuje čitateľom lepšie vizualizovať a porozumieť historickým udalostiam a obdobiam.
