Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné - História strana 137 z 161
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Rot
''A vigorous and engaging new study of the Irish famine . . . Richly underpinned by research in contemporary sources and firmly rooted in historical scholarship.'' Fintan O''Toole''A vivid, polemical narrative that does justice to victims and explains the ideologies that worsened the disaster.'' Irish Independent''Scanlan''s history of the ''''Great Hunger'' and its repercussions is meticulous, measured and damning.'' Financial Times''Mr. Scanlan''s haunting and terrible book is undoubtedly a history title of the year.'' Wall Street JournalIn the 1800s, as Britain became the world''s most powerful industrial empire, Ireland starved. The Great Famine fractured long-held assumptions about political economy and ''civilisation'', threatening disorder in Britain. Ireland was a laboratory for empire, shaping British ideas about colonisation, population, ecology and work.In Rot, Padraic Scanlan reinterprets the history of this time and the result is a revelatory account of Ireland''s Great Famine. In the first half of the nineteenth century, nowhere in Europe - or the world - did the working poor depend as completely on potatoes as in Ireland. To many British observers, potatoes were evidence of a lack of modernity among the Irish. However, Ireland before the famine more closely resembled capitalism''s future than its past. While poverty before and during the Great Famine was often blamed on Irish backwardness, it did in fact stem from the British Empire''s embrace of modern capitalism. Uncovering the disaster''s roots in Britain''s deep imperial faith in markets and capitalism, Rot reshapes our understanding of the Famine and its tragic legacy.
Sea Sick
This eighteenth-century glass bottle – and what it contained – represents an important step in the fight against a disease that once claimed the lives of millions: scurvy. Through notable voyages and afflicted individuals, the physical and psychological manifestations of the deadly ‘sickness of the sea’ are examined in a maritime context. What starts as a story of the often haphazard and ineffective efforts to find a cure becomes a tale of pioneering experiments and the eventual discovery of vitamin C. Sea Sick: Lime Juice and Scurvy is part of the Royal Museums Greenwich Spotlight series, accessible introductions to some of the most intriguing objects in the collection.
A History of the World in 80 Lost Women
<p><b>A fresh, informative and entertaining pop history of the world told through the biographies of eighty fascinating women you may not have heard of (but should have).</b><br><br>From the earliest human civilizations through to the present day, this book has curated the <b>80</b> <b>stories of countless influential women</b> – <b>leaders, artists, warriors, scientists</b> and more – have been ignored, forgotten or actively suppressed. In <i>A History of the World in 80 Lost Women</i>, Olivia Meikle and Katie Nelson restore women’s stories to their rightful place in world history. <br><br>Based on the <b>acclaimed podcast</b> <i>What’sHerName</i>, this is a truly global history that weaves together the biographies of incredible women <b>spanning six continents and</b> <b>thousands of years</b>, from Ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire to imperial China, the Americas and post-war Europe. This book tells a captivating and funny, thought-provoking and <b>deeply researched</b> historical narrative. Drawing on years of study and interviews with dozens of experts, this is an insightful and enthralling look at the <b>trailblazing women you may not have heard of</b> (but should have).</p>
The CIA Book Club
A Book of the Year in the Daily Telegraph and Economist LONGLISTED for the CWA ALCS Gold Dagger for Non-Fiction 2026 'This book reads like a spy novel' FINANICAL TIMES 'Entertaining and vivid' OBSERVER –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––- The astonishing story of the ten million books that were smuggled across the Iron Curtain during the Cold War. For almost five decades after the Second World War, Europe was divided by the longest and most heavily guarded border on earth. The Iron Curtain, a near-impenetrable barrier of wire and wall, tank traps, minefields, watchtowers and men with dogs, stretched for 4,300 miles from the Arctic to the Black Sea. No physical combat would take place along this frontier: the risk of nuclear annihilation was too high for that. Instead, the conflict would be fought in the psychological sphere. It was a battle for hearts, minds and intellects. No one understood this more clearly than George Minden, the head of a covert intelligence operation known as the ‘CIA books programme’, which aimed to win the Cold War with literature. From its Manhattan headquarters, Minden’s global CIA ‘book club’ would infiltrate millions of banned titles into the Eastern Bloc, written by a vast and eclectic list of authors, including Hannah Arendt and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, George Orwell and Agatha Christie. Volumes were smuggled on trucks and aboard yachts, dropped from balloons, and hidden in the luggage of hundreds of thousands of individual travellers. Once inside Soviet bloc, each book would circulate secretly among dozens of like-minded readers, quietly turning them into dissidents. Latterly, underground print shops began to reproduce the books, too. By the late 1980s, illicit literature in Poland was so pervasive that the system of communist censorship broke down, and the Iron Curtain soon followed. Charlie English tells this true story of spycraft, smuggling and secret printing operations for the first time, highlighting the work of a handful of extraordinary people who risked their lives to stand up to the intellectual strait-jacket Stalin created. People like Miroslaw Chojecki, an underground Polish publisher who endured beatings, force-feeding and exile in service of this mission. And Minden, the CIA’s mastermind, who didn’t waver in his belief that truth, culture, and diversity of thought could help free the ‘captive nations’ of Eastern Europe. This is a story about the power of the printed word as a means of resistance and liberation. Books, it shows, can set you free.
Soviet Motor Torpedo Boats of World War II
In the 1920s and 30s, aircraft designer Andrey Tupolev designed a series of advanced torpedo boats for the USSR. Superbly illustrated, this is their first history in English. The Soviet Navy''s fast attack craft were inspired by the 1919 Kronstadt raid, conducted by British hydroplaning, torpedo-armed Coastal Motor Boats (CMBs). The first were to be CMB copies, but with Soviet shipbuilding incapable of the project, it was handed to the Aerodynamic Institute, headed by Andrey Tupolev. Built with aircraft engines and technology, his 50kt boats were as photogenic as they were bumpy and noisy, and made a vivid impression on propaganda newsreels. Some were adapted with remote control guidance, a pioneering development of the naval drone. Written by a former Soviet naval architect, this book is the first in English to offer a history of these fascinating, dashing craft. He explains that, technically advanced but flawed, the Sh-4 and G-5 had no opportunity to act in their designated role in World War II. Instead, some were employed instead as landing craft, while others were rearmed and used as minelayers or subchasers. Many were adapted as fire support craft with Katyusha rocket launchers installed. Packed with superb new artwork and unpublished photos, it examines Tupolev''s torpedo boats as well as the handful of other MTBs the Soviet Union fielded. It is an account of a rare impressive design in the prewar Soviet Navy.
Mediterranean Sweep
Filled with personal accounts of the action, this book details the USAAF’s tactical and strategic campaigns in the skies over Italy in World War II.With the defeat of the Germans and Italians on Sicily in mid-July 1943, the focus of the war in the air shifted toward the battle for the Italian mainland itself. This campaign took place in the context of the coming invasion of northwest Europe, with many of the best units from the North African and Sicilian campaigns withdrawn to prepare for the new front, while those units that remained had a lower priority for replacements of men and material. Despite these difficulties, the air war in the Italian campaign is a study in the successful application of tactical air power. Mediterranean Sweep describes how USAAF forces, alongside Free French, Italian Co-Belligerent, British and Commonwealth units, and even a squadron of the Brazilian Air Force, took the war to the Axis in both the fighter-bomber war and Operation Bingo, the successful bombing campaign to withhold supplies from the German forces fighting on the Gothic Line. Building on the story of the USAAF in North Africa and over Sicily told in his previous work Turning The Tide, renowned aviation expert Tom Cleaver uses a wide range of first-hand accounts from American, Allied, German, and Italian pilots and other aircrew to bring to life the bitter struggle in the skies over Italy from mid-1943 through to the end of World War II.
Charles Hare's Great Escape
This is the story of a young midshipman in the Royal Navy and his audacious escape from Napoleonic France. Only 13 years old when he was captured by the French, Charles Hare spent six years as a prisoner of war before making his break for freedom disguised in a French customs service uniform. This uniform is now in the collection of Royal Museums Greenwich, along with the autobiographical account of his escape. His tale is unique and deeply personal, but it also sheds light on wider histories of customs regulation, conflict and captivity. Charles Hare’s Great Escape: The Story of a Napoleonic Prisoner of War is part of the Royal Museums Greenwich Spotlight series, accessible introductions to some of the most intriguing objects in the collection.
Captain Ogle's Cup
Only one man in British history has ever been knighted for services to combat piracy, but his name ? unlike those of his adversaries ? is practically unknown. In fact, Chaloner Ogle enjoyed a long and distinguished career in the Royal Navy, rising to become Admiral of the Fleet. His spectacular career coincided with the ?golden age? of piracy, when trade in the Atlantic and beyond was threatened by roving bands of sea-robbers. Following a series of incidents on the African coast, Ogle set his sights on one particular robber, Bartholomew Roberts, or ?Black Bart?. The encounter that ensued is recorded in Captain Charles Johnson?s A General History of the Pyrates, published in 1724. Struck by grapeshot, which ripped out his throat, Roberts was killed in an instant. Ogle, however, was denied the chance to capture the pirate when Roberts?s crew threw his corpse overboard. The body was never recovered. The crew, however, suff ered fates that befell many captured pirates: some were hanged, others were sentenced to indentured labour, practically a life sentence in itself. While the exact details of how the coconut cup at the centre of this publication came to be made are unknown, it is a tantalising link to this period of history. The object will be on display during a major new exhibition at the National Maritime Museum from spring 2025 to early 2026.
Christian Nationalism, Nation-Building, and the Making of the Holocaust in Slovakia
Previous scholarship on fascism in Slovakia has focused on either state actors operating from urban centres or the mechanisms of violence on a grassroots level - with the result being that the Holocaust is seen as primarily a top-down and state-centred process.In contrast, Hana Kubátová reveals here a dynamic and unexplored centre-periphery relationship, and how violence against the Jewish population unfolded in both cities and the countryside, and on both national and local levels. As an integral component of broader nation-building efforts, the authority of the fascist regime and the newly-founded Slovak state hinged not only on appeasing Hitler but also on civilian populations of the nation''s heterogenous eastern borderlands, especially local elites, such as priest and teachers, as well as the rural masses. The book explores how this relationship was forged, how it was maintained, and how, ultimately, Christian nationalism operated as a political strategy that brought differently positioned actors together - to broker deals over resources and power accrued through the co-enactment of genocide by a broad coalition of perpetrators on the ground. In so doing, this little-known chapter of Holocaust history offers a new way to understand the dynamics and escalations of mass violence, and how collaborations between elite and popular groups can pave the way for ethnic cleansing across different territories and, even, times.
Operation Steinbock 1944
The story of Germany''s disastrous last cross-Channel Blitz in early 1944, which left the Luftwaffe devastated and barely able to oppose the D-Day landings. Operation Steinbock, or as it became known, the ‘Baby Blitz’ was the Luftwaffe’s last sustained night bomber offensive against the United Kingdom. In this book, renowned Luftwaffe historian Chris Goss explains how and why the Luftwaffe''s last cross-Channel campaign was such a contrast to the Battle of Britain and subsequent Blitz of 1940–41. In 1944, the Luftwaffe’s under-trained, hard-pressed, and inexperienced bomber crews were out-thought and outfought by their opponents, who combined the latest ground-controlled radar with powerful new night fighters and advanced anti-aircraft defences, including radar-assisted guns and even anti-aircraft rockets. Packed with dramatic original illustrations, explanatory diagrams, 2D maps of the strategic situation and 3D maps recreating key missions, this book tells the story of Operation Steinbock and its crucial consequences. The Germans'' last air campaign over England ended in late May 1944, with the Luftwaffe having lost hundreds of much-needed aircraft and crews. Just days later, the Allies stormed ashore across the beaches of Normandy, and the Luftwaffe could do little to stop them.
A Short History of Cambridge
An Armchair Traveller''s History of Cambridge provides not only a narrative of the city and university, and a guide to visits within a short driving distance, it also features a variety of aspects ignored in other accounts: food and fashion, music and gardens, books and clubs, Cambridge contributions to poetry, theatre and sport, royal associations and links with the Arab world and China. Cambridge offers the splendour of King''s College Chapel and the beauty of "the Backs" but also outstanding collections of fans and fritillaries, sculpture and stained glass, medieval coins and oriental manuscripts. Free attractions include the world-class Fitzwilliam Museum and Botanic Gardens, quirky Kettle''s Yard, and museums devoted to Archaeology, Anthropology, Zoology, Earth Sciences, Polar Research and the History of Science?plus Britain''s oldest bookshop. Enter the world of "Bumps and Bedders" and learn why May Week is in June. Research reveals that most visitors to Cambridge never venture more than four hundred yards from the Market Square. An Armchair Traveller''s History of Cambridge will help you do better than that?and want to.
East of Empire
From the outset of the twentieth century, Egyptian and Indian leaders understood their movements for self-determination as linked and part of a shared project. Following World War I, as connections between the Middle East and South Asia proliferated, Egypt and India lay squarely at the heart of increasingly complex and multilateral relations. East of Empire traces how anticolonial nationalism gained momentum across the East and documents the friendships, rivalries, cultural exchanges, and shifting political alliances that came to animate the interwar project of Easternism: a cosmopolitan vision of the world whose center of gravity lay beyond Europe, in the great city of Cairo. Erin O'Halloran offers a compelling new account of the era immediately preceding decolonization and the epochal partitions of India and Palestine. Alongside well-known figures like Mohandas K. Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Saad Zaghlul, she introduces less familiar but no less intriguing personalities: feminists, diplomats, and poets; surrealists, socialists and spies. Each dreamed, wrote, organized and fought for the liberation of the East—a space universally evoked, though seemingly impossible to pin down. Drawing on a broad cross-section of Indian, Arab, British, and European sources, East of Empire transcends archival partitions to tell a powerful and nearly forgotten set of stories about the rise of anticolonial nationalism and the end of empire across the Middle East and South Asia.
The Greek Revolution and the Violent Birth of Nationalism
A sweeping global history of the birth of modern GreeceIn 1821, a diverse territory in the southern Balkans on the fringe of the Ottoman Empire was thrust into a decade of astounding mass violence. The Greek Revolution and the Violent Birth of Nationalism traces how something new emerged from an imperial mosaic of myriad languages, religions, cultures, and localisms—the world’s first ethnic nation-state, one that was born from the destruction and the creation of whole peoples, and which set the stage for the modern age of nationalism that was to come.Yanni Kotsonis exposes the everyday chaos and brutality in the Balkan peninsula as the Ottoman regime unraveled. He follows the future Greeks on the seaways to Odesa, Alexandria, Livorno, and the Caribbean, and recovers the stories of peasants, merchants, warriors, aristocrats, and intellectuals who navigated the great empires that crisscrossed the region. Kotsonis recounts the experiences of the villagers and sailors who joined the armed battalions of the Napoleonic Wars and learned a new kind of warfare and a new practice of mass mobilization, lessons that served them well during the revolutionary decade. He describes how, as the bloody 1820s came to a close, the region’s Muslims were no more and Greece was an Orthodox Christian nation united by a shared language and a claim to an ancient past.This panoramic book shows how the Greek Revolution was a demographic upheaval more consequential than the overthrow of a ruler. Drawing on Ottoman sources together with archival evidence from Greece, Britain, France, Russia, and Switzerland, the book reframes the birth of modern Greece within the imperial history of the global nineteenth century.
Georgian Feminists
For centuries women’s history has been dismissed, or ignored entirely. Women make up half of society, and yet few pages have been written about women’s history, their lives, and contributions. It is time to redress this imbalance and recognize the significant involvement and impact women have had throughout history.Enter the Georgian period, hailed as the Age of Enlightenment. Amidst a backdrop of cultural blossoming, intellectual fervour, and the whirlwind of the Industrial Revolution, society underwent seismic shifts politically, socially, and technologically. However, for women, the landscape remained largely unchanged; the expectations of domesticity, marriage, and motherhood persisted as steadfast norms.Embarking on a journey through diverse backgrounds, from aristocracy to enslavement, this book introduces ten remarkable women who defied societal norms during the Georgian period. Among them are political activists, social reformers, a literary luminary, a pioneer in palaeontology, and a mathematical prodigy. These trailblazers dared to pursue careers, passions, and lifestyles deemed scandalous by societal standards, challenging the status quo and carving out paths of empowerment in a world reluctant to grant them their due recognition. Each embodies the spirit of feminism, resisting the grip of patriarchy and leaving an indelible mark on history.
Enmity and Violence in Early Modern Europe
In this original study Stuart Carroll transforms our understanding of Europe between 1500 and 1800 by exploring how ordinary people felt about their enemies and the violence it engendered. Enmity, a state or feeling of mutual opposition or hostility, became a major social problem during the transition to modernity. He examines how people used the law, and how they characterised their enmities and expressed their sense of justice or injustice. Through the examples of early modern Italy, Germany, France and England, we see when and why everyday animosities escalated and the attempts of the state to control and even exploit the violence that ensued. This book also examines the communal and religious pressures for peace, and how notions of good neighbourliness and civil order finally worked to underpin trust in the state. Ultimately, enmity is not a relic of the past; it remains one of the greatest challenges to contemporary liberal democracy.
The Golden Throne
''Wolf Hall for the Ottoman Empire . . . History at its most gripping'' Daily Telegraph on The Lion HouseA ground-breaking, present-tense reconstruction of the life and world of one of the most consequential figures in world history, Suleyman the Magnificent, from the author of The Lion HouseChosen by The Times as one of the Best Books of 2025‘A wonderful book – entrancing, addictive, full of effortless erudition’ Rory StewartIstanbul, 1538. The greatest of the Ottoman Sultans is at the pinnacle of world power, while his family and future are at the mercy of their own dynastic law: whichever of his five sons succeeds him must eventually kill all the others. So why not get a head start?For the next fifteen years, as Suleyman the Magnificent and his terrifying pirate captain Barbarossa face down imperial enemies across two hemispheres, the self-fulfilling curse of the Ottomans gathers its own unstoppable momentum.From the burning pyres of Paris to the rain-lashed mountains of Transylvania, from Buda to Basra, from Crimea to the coast of India, The Golden Throne is an intensely gripping yet entirely historical reconstruction of the life and world of the most feared and powerful man of the sixteenth century, revealing the price of succession and the terrible cost of success.‘The pace, the language and the story-telling are simply magnificent’ Victoria Hislop‘Thrilling entertainment created out of meticulously researched history’ Robert Peston‘Mesmerizing, superb, impossible to put down'' Simon Sebag Montefiore''Wonderful and highly enjoyable'' Margaret MacMillan
The Highlands and Islands of Scotland
Alistair Moffat tells the extraordinary story of the Highlands in the most detailed book ever written about this remarkable part of Scotland. This is the story of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland as it has never been told before. From the formation of the landscape millions of years ago to the twenty-first century, it brings to life the events and the people who have shaped Highland history, from saints, sinners and outlaws to monarchs, clan chiefs and warriors.Highly readable and informative, it mines a wide range of sources including medieval manuscripts and sagas, poetry and popular culture. Picts, Romans, Irish missionaries, Vikings, Jacobites and the flood of emigrants who left to forge new lives abroad are just some of the important players in the drama. As he paints the bigger picture, Alistair Moffat also introduces many key aspects of Highland culture and explores the experience of ordinary Highlanders and Islanders over thousands of years.
Propaganda Girls
<p>This is the incredible untold story of four women who helped win World War II by generating a wave of black propaganda.<br><br>Betty MacDonald was a 28-year-old reporter from Hawaii. Zuzka Lauwers grew up in a tiny Czechoslovakian village and knew five languages by the time she was 21. Jane Smith-Hutton was the wife of a naval attaché living in Tokyo. Marlene Dietrich, the German-American actress and singer, was one of the biggest stars of the 20th century. These four women, each fascinating in her own right, together contributed to one of the most covert and successful military campaigns in WWII.<br><br>Members of the Office of Strategic Services, their task was to create a secret brand of propaganda produced with the sole aim to break the morale of Axis soldiers. Working in Europe, across enemy lines in occupied China and in Washington D.C., Betty, Zuzka, Jane and Marlene forged letters and 'official' military orders, wrote and produced entire newspapers, scripted radio broadcasts and songs and even developed rumours for undercover spies and double agents to spread to the enemy. And outside of a small group of spies, no one knew they existed. Until now.</p>
Networks of Faith and Profit
Between 839 and 1403 CE, there was a six-century lapse in diplomatic relations between present-day China and Japan. This hiatus in what is known as the tribute system has led to an assumption that there was little contact between the two countries in this period. Yiwen Li debunks this assumption, arguing instead that a vibrant Sino-Japanese trade network flourished in this period as Buddhist monks and merchants fostered connections across maritime East Asia. Based on a close examination of sources in multiple languages, including poems and letters, transmitted images and objects, and archaeological discoveries, Li presents a vivid and dynamic picture of the East Asian maritime world. She shows how this Buddhist trade network operated outside of the framework of the tribute system and, through novel interpretations of Buddhist records, provides a new understanding of the relationship between Buddhism and commerce.
Pridajte sa k nám na ceste časom s našou komplexnou kolekciou encyklopédií zaoberajúcich sa históriou. Táto kategória obsahuje všetko od praveku až po súčasnosť. Študujte historické udalosti, významné osobnosti, dôležité civilizácie a momenty, ktoré formovali svet, v ktorom žijeme dnes. Ideálne pre študentov, učiteľov, ako aj pre všeobecných historických nadšencov, naše encyklopédie sú zdrojom nevyčerpaných informácií a zábavného poznávania.
Mnohé encyklopédie sú bohato ilustrované, čo umožňuje čitateľom lepšie vizualizovať a porozumieť historickým udalostiam a obdobiam.
