Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné - História strana 44 z 168
História 
Príroda 
Vesmír, veda a technika 
Ľudské telo, človek 
Encyklopédie - ostatné
zobraziť:
The Cornovii
The Cornovii are one of the less well-known tribes of Roman Britain. Situated on the fringes of the civilian zone of the Province, they emerged only slowly from a pre- Roman background which is still largely unknown to us. Their territory, centered on Shropshire but extending into Staffordshire, Herefordshire and parts of Cheshire, and Worcestershire, was constantly traversed by the Roman army. Even when a civilian administration was finally established, with a capital city at Wroxeter, the army was never far away, and it had a profound effect on the development of the new civitas. Written and later updated by the late eminent archaeologist Graham Webster, this is a classic study that continues to resonate to this day.
800 Years of Women's Letters
‘No literary form is more revealing, more spontaneous or more individual than a letter.’ – P.D. JamesThis inspiring and fascinating book is the first truly comprehensive study of women’s letters ever published. Organised by subject matter, and covering a wide range of topics from politics, work and war, to childhood, love and sexual passion, 800 Years of Women’s Letters reveals the depth, breadth and diversity of women’s lives through the ages. Here Héloise writes to Abelard of her undying devotion, Vita Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf correspond about life and writing, Queen Victoria complains to Robert Peel about the neglect of Buckingham Palace, and many more women write letters that reveal the compassion, humour, love and tenacity with which they confront the often difficult circumstances of everyday life. This is an intriguing insight, and a rare opportunity to read the real words of real women in their own intimate language.
Fractured Britannia
How did objects of dress and coinage shape power and identity in late Roman Britai? ractured Britannia provides an in-depth examination of the distribution of coinage and elite items of Roman dress in later and sub-Roman Britain, offering new perspectives on a period of profound social and political change. While previous research has sought to distinguish groups serving the Roman state, identifying them in the archaeological record remains challenging. The military and the civil administration relied on hierarchical structures and used similar objects to indicate rank and status. At the same time, local elites, responsible for much of the practical administration of Britain, began to adopt military styles of dress. These changes led to a clear evolution in dress accessories over the fourth century. Five extensive datasets on crossbow brooches, belt fittings, spurs, penannular brooches, and coins are examined systematically in combination. Previously studied in isolation, these objects reveal insights into social identity, regional variation, and the persistence or abandonment of Roman material culture. The evidence shows that while some regions continued relatively unchanged into the fifth century, others abandoned recognisably Roman forms as early as AD 375. By assessing existing methodologies, revising typologies, and mapping artefact distributions, this book highlights key patterns across sites and regions and makes large datasets publicly available. Ultimately, the study provides a chronological and geographic framework for understanding how Roman Britain transitioned into smaller post-Roman polities. It analyses the differential use of material culture across site types and compares patterns with the continent, shedding light on the transformation of Britain’s society and identity in the sub-Roman and early medieval world.
The Queen and the Mistress
‘Hollman combines scrupulous research with spellbinding storytelling; The Queen and the Mistress will keep you turning the pages.’ - Sylvia Barbara Soberton, author of Ladies-In-Waiting: The Women Who Served Anne Boleyn‘A must-read for anyone interested in medieval women’s or royal history.’ - Catherine Hanley, author of Matilda: Empress, Queen, WarriorPHILIPPA OF HAINAULT was Queen of England for forty-one years. Her marriage to Edward III when they were both teenagers was more political transaction than romantic wedding, but it would turn into a partnership of deep affection. The mother of twelve children, she was the perfect medieval queen: pious, unpolitical and fiercely loyal to both her king and adopted country. Alice Perrers entered court as a young widow and would soon catch the eye of an ageing king whose wife was dying. Born to a family of London goldsmiths, this charismatic and highly intelligent woman would use her position as the king’s favourite to build up her own portfolio of land, wealth and prestige, only to see it all come crashing down as Edward himself neared death. The Queen and the Mistress is a story of female power and passion, and how two very different women used their skills and charms to navigate a tumultuous royal court – and win the heart of the same man.
A Forever War
A Forever War: Israel and Palestine achieves something quite extraordinary. At a time when passions run high and the Israel-Gaza war intensifies, so much coverage is based on prejudice, fear and ignorance. Colin Shindler, Emeritus Professor of Israel Studies at SOAS, presents a calm, scholarly and dispassionate view of the past and of what might lie ahead. Since the founding of the State of Israel in 1948, the Middle East has been thrown into conflict. Shindler reflects on the key questions: How did this state of affairs come about? Is it even possible to write an impartial account? Could all the conflict have been avoided? How is it that Israel itself is a divided nation and even other Arab nations treat the Palestinians so badl? n both sides are the extremists - terrorists and ultra-nationalist religious Jews who are determined to seize land from Palestinians and dream of a new Jewish theocracy based on a Greater Israel - but A Forever War strives for objectivity and asks how we can best approach the truth in a time of such complex division.
Fowler's Pottery: Excavation of a 19th Century Manufacturing Site in Mid Ulster
This monograph details the 2019 Centre for Community Archaeology excavation of Fowler’s Pottery, a nineteenth century pottery manufacturing site located in the townland of Derrybuoy, just outside Coalisland, Co. Tyrone. The site produced coarse earthenware pottery, a type which has received little academic attention to date, and this publication will therefore be of great use in advancing our limited knowledge of the coarse, utilitarian pottery used every day in nineteenth century households. Four distinct vessel forms were produced in four possible decorative styles, showing a specialised range of production which appears to have primarily targeted the rural market. Several key features of the pottery were also identified and are described at length, including the kiln, drying room and clay extraction pit, as well as large quantities of brick and kiln furniture. The narrative is greatly supplemented by historical records including personal letters, census returns and local testimony which offer a high-resolution view of precisely how and when the pottery operated. While other Post-Medieval pottery production sites have been excavated in Ireland previously, this is the second example of a nineteenth century kiln producing coarse earthenware pottery to be excavated, and the first to receive publication, meaning that this site is of critical importance to advancing our knowledge of local economy and manufacturing in the period.
These Isles
An inventive new look at the entwined histories of Britain and Ireland’s nations – and the people who have called them home. Acclaimed author and journalist Brian Groom reveals the colourful and often-contested history of the Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Normans and others who have occupied these islands, along with their culture, languages and passions. Packed with surprise and insight, These Isles explores the role of religion, the British Empire, international diasporas and internal migration, gender relations and war in a nuanced and entertaining narrative. With forays into popular culture, sport, music, language, literature and art, These Isles stretches from 800,000-year-old footprints on a Norfolk beach to the changing fortunes of the early twenty-first century. It offers a uniquely rich and kaleidoscopic vision of the shared stories of people across Britain and Ireland – past and present.
Save Our Souls
INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLERFrom the bestselling author of The Taking of Jemima Boone, the unbelievable true story of a real-life Swiss Family Robinson (and their dog) who faced sharks, shipwreck, and betrayal. On December 10, 1887, a shark fishing boat disappeared. On board the doomed vessel were the Walkers—the ship’s captain Frederick, his wife Elizabeth, their three teenage sons, and their dog—along with the ship’s crew. The family had spotted a promising fishing location when a terrible storm arose, splitting their vessel in two and leaving those onboard adrift on the perilous sea. When the castaways awoke the next morning, they discovered they had been washed ashore—on an island inhabited by a large but ragged and emaciated man who introduced himself as Hans. Hans appeared to have been there for a while and could quickly educate the Walkers and their crew on the island’s resources. But Hans had a secret . . . and as the Walker family gradually came to learn more, what seemed like a stroke of luck to have the mysterious man’s assistance became something ominous, something darker. Like David Grann and Stacy Schiff, Matthew Pearl unveils one of the most incredible yet little-known historical true stories, and the only known instance in history of an actual family of castaways. Save Our Souls asks us to consider who we might become if we found ourselves trapped on a deserted island.
Lawless Republic
'A vivid, visceral and crucial read for our times' BETTANY HUGHES'Wonderful and insightful' ADRIAN GOLDSWORTHYThe collapse of law and order in the last years of the Roman Republic told through the rise and fall of its most famous lawyer, Cicero. In its final decades, the Roman Republic was engulfed by crime. Cases of extortion, murder and insurrection gave an ambitious young lawyer named Cicero high-profile opportunities to litigate and forge a reputation as a master debater with a bright political future. In Lawless Republic, leading Roman historian Josiah Osgood recounts the legendary orator's ascent and fall, and his pivotal role in the republic's lurch toward autocracy. Cicero's first appearance in the courts came shortly after the end of a brutal civil war. After leveraging his fame as a lawyer to become a consul, he ruthlessly crushed a coup by suppressing the liberties of Roman citizens. The premiere legal mind of Rome came to argue that the pursuit of a higher justice could sometimes justify sweeping the law aside, laying the groundwork for Roman history's most famous act of political violence - the assassination of Julius Caesar. Lawless Republic vividly resurrects the spectacle of the courts in the time of Cicero and Caesar, showing how politics trumped the rule of law and sealed the fate of Rome.
Hotel Exile
**SHORTLISTED FOR THE WOMEN’S PRIZE FOR NONFICTION**A FOYLES TOP TEN READ FOR FEBRUARY | A 2026 HIGHLIGHT IN THE FINANCIAL TIMES, EVENING STANDARD AND THE BOOKSELLER A meeting place for Europe’s bohemian artists. A headquarters of the Nazi occupation. A shelter for camp survivors. This is the true story of how one Paris hotel came to hold the weight of a century. The Hotel Lutetia is a Paris institution, the only ‘grand’ hotel on the city’s bohemian Left Bank. Ever since it opened, it has served as a meeting place for artists, musicians and politicians. André Gide took his lunch here, James Joyce lived in one of its rooms, Picasso and Matisse were regular guests. It has a darker history, too. During one short period, it became a focus for some of the most dramatic and terrible events in recent history. In the 1930s the Hotel Lutetia attracted intellectuals and political activists, forced to flee their homes when Hitler came to power, who met here with the hope of forming an alternative government. But when war came, Paris was occupied, and the hotel became the headquarters of the German military intelligence service – and the centre of their operation to root out enemies of the Reich. In 1945, the Lutetia was requisitioned once more, this time transformed into a reception centre for deportees returning from concentration camps. Hotel Exile is about what happens on the edges of a war. At its heart are three groups of people connected to a place, to one another, and to the dark ideology which dictates the course of their lives. A masterpiece of empathy and concision, Jane Rogoyska’s extraordinary new book offers us a vision of individual human beings desperately trying to find a path through some of the twentieth century’s most devastating events.
Wilkie Collins on Cornwall
Before the railway came to Cornwall, novelist Wilkie Collins and his artist friend Henry Brandling set out on foot from Plymouth to explore the then ‘rarely visited’ peninsula. In 1850, tourism was in its infancy and the pair had many adventures, visiting Land’s End, Tintagel, St Michael’s Mount and Loe Pool. A local guide took them on an extraordinary tour down Botallack mine, and another showed them how to scramble up the Devil’s Bellows at Kynance Cove. This charming account of their travels includes fascinating descriptions of legends and customs, pilchard fishing, ancient monuments, eccentric innkeepers and local cuisine, painting a vivid and affectionate picture of Cornwall as it was nearly 200 years ago.
The Sons of Gunshooter
In 1919, the brother of one of the West’s most famous Indian traders was shot to death in a remote corner of the Navajo Nation. Part history, part true crime, The Sons of Gunshooter reexamines the killing and subsequent murder trial, while simultaneously embedding the story in a much larger saga of colonization and resistance. The result is a book that’s sweeping in its scope and surgical in its approach. Rewinding the clock to 1868, the authors follow the intertwining paths of two families to offer a riveting, deeply personal account that has been hailed as “a new way of doing historiography.” One of the authors is a descendant of participants in the case; the other is an investigative journalist. By merging DinÉ oral traditions with archival evidence, they succeed in upending one false narrative after another. The Sons of Gunshooter is an inspiring new take on a history we thought we knew.
Making Money in the Early Middle Ages
An examination of coined money and its significance to rulers, aristocrats and peasants in early medieval EuropeBetween the end of the Roman Empire in the fifth century and the economic transformations of the twelfth, coined money in western Europe was scarce and high in value, difficult for the majority of the population to make use of. And yet, as Rory Naismith shows in this illuminating study, coined money was made and used throughout early medieval Europe. It was, he argues, a powerful tool for articulating people’s place in economic and social structures and an important gauge for levels of economic complexity. Working from the premise that using coined money carried special significance when there was less of it around, Naismith uses detailed case studies from the Mediterranean and northern Europe to propose a new reading of early medieval money as a point of contact between economic, social, and institutional history. Naismith examines structural issues, including the mining and circulation of metal and the use of bullion and other commodities as money, and then offers a chronological account of monetary development, discussing the post-Roman period of gold coinage, the rise of the silver penny in the seventh century and the reconfiguration of elite power in relation to coinage in the tenth and eleventh centuries. In the process, he counters the conventional view of early medieval currency as the domain only of elite gift-givers and intrepid long-distance traders. Even when there were few coins in circulation, Naismith argues, the ways they were used—to give gifts, to pay rents, to spend at markets—have much to tell us.
American Flygirl
One of WWII’s most uniquely hidden figures, Hazel Ying Lee was the first Asian American woman to earn a pilot’s license, join the WASPs, and fly for the United States military amid widespread anti-Asian sentiment and policies. Her singular story of patriotism, barrier breaking, and fearless sacrifice is told for the first time in full for readers of The Women with Silver Wings by Katherine Sharp Landdeck, A Woman of No Importance by Sonia Purnell, The Last Boat Out of Shanghai by Helen Zia, Facing the Mountain by Daniel James Brown and all Asian American, women’s and WWII history books.In 1932, Hazel Ying Lee, a nineteen-year-old American daughter of Chinese immigrants, sat in on a friend’s flight lesson. It changed her life. In less than a year, the girl with the wicked sense of humor, a newfound love of flying, and a tough can-do attitude earned her pilot’s license and headed for China to help against invading Japanese forces. In time, Hazel would become the first Asian American to fly with the Women Airforce Service Pilots. As thrilling as it may have been, it wasn’t easy.In America, Hazel felt the oppression and discrimination of the Chinese Exclusion Act. In China’s field of male-dominated aviation, she was dismissed for being a woman, and for being an American. But in service to her country, Hazel refused to be limited by gender, race, or impossible dreams. Frustrated but undeterred, she forged ahead, married Clifford Louie, a devoted and unconventional husband who cheered his wife on, and gave her all for the cause, achieving more in her short, remarkable life than even she had imagined possible.American Flygirl is the untold account of a spirted fighter and an indomitable hidden figure in American history. She broke through every common belief about women. She challenged every social restriction to endure and to succeed. And against seemingly insurmountable obstacles, Hazel Ying Lee reached for the skies and made her mark as a universal and unsung hero whose time has come.
ShipCraft 7 - British Battlecruisers of the Second World War
The ShipCraft series provides in-depth information about building and modifying model kits of famous warship types. Lavishly illustrated, each book takes the modeller through a brief history of the subject class, highlighting differences between sisterships and changes in their appearance over their careers. This includes paint schemes and camouflage, featuring colour profiles and highly-detailed line drawings and scale plans. The modelling section reviews the strengths and weaknesses of available kits, lists commercial accessory sets for super-detailing of the ships, and provides hints on modifying and improving the basic kit. This is followed by an extensive photographic survey of selected high-quality models in a variety of scales, and the book concludes with a section on research references - books, monographs, large-scale plans and relevant websites. Number 7 in this series, first published nearly 20 years ago, covers the three ships of this First World War type, Hood, Repulse and Renown, which survived to fight in the Second. Still the fastest capital ships in the world in 1939, their protection was not up to contemporary standards and two were famously lost in action. Hood in an old-fashioned gunnery duel, but Repulse succumbed to the more modern threat of aerial attack. The one modernised ship, Renown, survived an adventurous wartime career. This completely updated and revised new addition introduces new kits and models and lays before today's modeller's everything they need to build a kit of one of these famous Royal Navy ships.
London Bridge and its Houses, c. 1209-1761
London Bridge lined with houses from end to end was one of the most extraordinary structures ever seen in the city. It was home to over 500 people, perched above the rushing waters of the Thames, and was one of the city’s main shopping streets. It is among the most familiar images of London in the past, but little has previously been known about the houses and the people who lived and worked in them. This book uses plentiful newly-discovered evidence, including detailed descriptions of nearly every house, to tell the story of the bridge and its houses and inhabitants. With the new information it is possible to reconstruct the plan of the bridge and houses in the seventeenth century, to trace the history of each house back through rentals and a survey to 1358, revealing the original layout, to date most of the houses that appear in later views, and to show how the houses and their occupants changed during five and a half centuries. The book describes what stopped the houses falling into the river, how the houses were gradually enlarged, what their layout was inside, what goods were sold on the bridge and how these changed over time, the extensive rebuilding in 1477-1548 and 1683-96, and the removal of the houses around 1760. There are many new discoveries - about the structure of the bridge, the width of the roadway, the original layout of the houses, how the houses were supported, the size and internal planning of the houses, the quality of their architecture, and the trades practised on the bridge. The book includes five newly-commissioned reconstruction drawings showing what we now know about the bridge and its houses.
A People's History of Portugal
A People's History of Portugal reconstructs the last two hundred years of class struggle in Portugal. Raquel Varela and Roberto della Santa examine the material conditions of its people – examining the real causes of the revolutionary waves and counter-revolutionary backlash. Starting in the early nineteenth century, the theme of colonialism and its antithesis runs through the narrative, as working-class life was closely entwined with Portuguese colonial exploitation. Despite relatively slow industrial development, Portuguese people spearheaded a surprisingly vigorous radical culture of dissent, eventually sparking a social and political revolution in 1974. More recently, Portugal’s inclusion in the European Union has put its people in a neoliberal stranglehold that stifles democracy to this day. Are the working people of Portugal able to carry the memory of the revolutionary past into its future? This is a history of, and for, the people.
Anatomy of Torture
Does torture "work?" Can controversial techniques such as waterboarding extract crucial and reliable intelligence? Since 9/11, this question has been angrily debated in the halls of power and the court of public opinion. In Anatomy of Torture, Ron E. Hassner mines the archives of the Spanish Inquisition to propose an answer that will frustrate and infuriate both sides of the divide. The Inquisition's scribes recorded every torment, every scream, and every confession in the torture chamber. Their transcripts reveal that Inquisitors used torture deliberately and meticulously, unlike the rash, improvised methods used by the United States after 9/11. In their relentless pursuit of underground Jewish communities in Spain and Mexico, the Inquisition tortured in cold blood. But they treated any information extracted with caution: torture was used to test information provided through other means, not to uncover startling new evidence. Hassner's findings in Anatomy of Torture have important implications for ongoing torture debates. Rather than insist that torture is ineffective, torture critics should focus their attention on the morality of torture. If torture is evil, its efficacy is irrelevant. At the same time, torture defenders cannot advocate for torture as a counterterrorist "quick fix": torture has never located, nor will ever locate, the hypothetical "ticking bomb" that is frequently invoked to justify brutality in the name of security.
Why Torture Persists
Since antiquity, governments have used torture to gather information and determine guilt. But its track record is shaky, to say the least: thinkers from Aristotle to the present have observed that torture does not work, and thinkers from Foucault to Orwell have doubted that this is torture's true purpose. Guilty people can resist torture and remain silent, while innocent people can give in and tell their torturers what they want to hear. Why, then, do governments keep using i? n this timely and compelling book, Chistopher J. Einolf recounts the history of torture from public trials in ancient Athens to the international scandal of Abu Ghraib. He details its brutal use in the persecution of the Templars, the Spanish Inquisition, and early modern witch hunts; describes its abolition in the 18th century; and tracks its alarming resurgence across the 20th and 21st centuries. In exposing torture's sordid past, Einolf also explores the social science of torture, supplementing a broad historical account with relevant insights from sociology, political science, and psychology. The distressing reality is that governments use torture as a tool of oppression: convinced that they are beset by traitors and enemies, those with power torture victims until they confirm their worst fears. Chilling yet vital, Why Torture Persists is a call to face humanity's troubling weapons of political coercion and control head-on. Despite recounting a disturbing history, Why Torture Persists ultimately concludes with hope. It is only by understanding torture that we can learn how to prevent it.
Pridajte sa k nám na ceste časom s našou komplexnou kolekciou encyklopédií zaoberajúcich sa históriou. Táto kategória obsahuje všetko od praveku až po súčasnosť. Študujte historické udalosti, významné osobnosti, dôležité civilizácie a momenty, ktoré formovali svet, v ktorom žijeme dnes. Ideálne pre študentov, učiteľov, ako aj pre všeobecných historických nadšencov, naše encyklopédie sú zdrojom nevyčerpaných informácií a zábavného poznávania.
Mnohé encyklopédie sú bohato ilustrované, čo umožňuje čitateľom lepšie vizualizovať a porozumieť historickým udalostiam a obdobiam.
