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Sphinx
What was the Sphinx for, and what is the Sphin? he Sphinx's body is not a lion, but another creature. The head was re-carved, and the Pharaoh's face cannow be identified. There is a burial chamber inserted beneath the waist ofthe Sphinx. 280 years' worth of published accounts of eyewitnesses who saw the chamber, all of them published herein full, prove its existence. It was sealed with cement in 1926. The story of the Middle Kingdom pharaoh who uncoveredthe Sphinx was still being told by the locals in 1482, asrecorded by a Dutch visitor. This is the longest recorded survivalof folklore in world history, a tale which survived with its essentialfacts intact for three thousand years. The Nile in ancient times lapped near the feet of the Sphinx,and the Sphinx was like an island surrounded by waterfilling 'the Sphinx Pit' where it sits now. The photographicevidence of sluices for controlling the inflow of the waterare published. The water erosion is fully explained. Evidence published here proves that the Sphinx is part of aunified design with the three main pyramids of Giza. It was'the guardian' of Giza. The three pyramids and the Sphinxwere all conceived as a single complex. The Sphinx was originally a crouching figure of the doggod Anubis, traditionally the guardian of the dead in ancientEgypt. Every published account of the Sphinx from Roman timesto 1837 is published in the back of the book, most translatedfrom foreign languages. These were collected over manyyears and are now gathered into one place. The Sphinx was part of a sacred resurrection cult basedupon the rising sun at the equinox.
Portsmouth: A Potted History
Portsmouth is primarily known for its long-term association with the Royal Navy, the naval dockyard at one time the world’s largest employer of a civilian workforce. Yet there is much more to Portsmouth than being home to Britain’s Senior Service. In this book, Portsmouth’s Roman and Saxon origins on Portsea Island are traced leading to its rapid growth from the 12th century onwards as a merchant township specialising in overseas trade. The book describes how its naval and military connections have significantly influenced the way the future city was to develop and also examines how Portsmouth and its people adapted to its long-term conversion into a military-industrial stronghold designed for the defence of the nation, and which suffered severe damage in the Second World War. Alongside, this the growth of modern metropolitan Portsmouth is described, building the services and other industries that make today’s diverse city.Illustrated throughout, this accessible historical portrait of the transformation that Portsmouth has undergone through the ages will be of great interest to residents, visitors and all those with links to the city.
Standing Tall
“What an amazing opportunity! Standing Tall allows us to learn about leadership from a true American hero.” — Mike Krzyzewski, former Head Coach, Duke University and USA Olympic Gold Medal basketball teams. Finalist, 2022 Army Historical Foundation Distinguished Writing Awards_x000D__x000D_Robert Foley had only been in Vietnam for six months when he was promoted to captain and given command of a rifle company. In November 1966, Foley led his men on a mission to rescue another company that had been pinned down by Viet Cong forces. His leadership that day inspired his men and led to a successful operation—and the Medal of Honor. His actions in Vietnam were only a small portion of a long and varied career of service in the US Army, but Foley did not always seem marked for success. Coming from a blue-collar suburb of Boston, his years in West Point were marked by poor grades, injuries, and sickness. With a determination to lead by example and inspire trust among others, Foley served across the globe and rose through the ranks. He even returned to West Point as Commandant of Cadets, later retiring as a 3-star general and commander of Fifth Army.
Liverpool Shopfronts Through Time
Liverpool’s growth and prosperity throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was reflected in the rise of its shops as much as any other aspect of city life. In this book, local historian Daniel K. Longman compares historic images of commercial premises throughout Liverpool with their modern-day counterparts. These pictures reveal an intriguing history of shops across the city and offers a fascinating insight into changing architectural styles and fashions through the decades. These comparisons reveal a rich heritage of traditional architraves, elaborate lettering, and ornate doorways, alongside an aesthetic movement towards somewhat more simpler styles, minimalism, and modernisation. This book also reveals how much of Liverpool’s built heritage has survived despite extensive changes in this nostalgic look back at some of the city’s most interesting and impressive shopping destinations. This enthralling selection of old and new images of Liverpool shop fronts shows how our shops reflect the changing lifestyles of people through the years as well as the changing architectural face of the city. It will be essential reading for all those who are interested in the history of Liverpool and surrounding area.
Saving Byzantium
In this compelling, readable and revisionist book, historian Laura Bolick makes a powerful case that the fall of Constantinople, which marked the end of the ancient Roman and Byzantine Empire, was not inevitable, as most historians have argued. Basing her opinion on the activities of two significant Byzantine officials, Iohannes Bessarion and Isidore of Kiev, Laura Bolick analyses the efforts that they made to galvanise the Roman Catholic west into forming a crusade that would defend Constantinople from the encroaching Ottoman Turks.As the book shows, the Byzantine emissaries faced formidable obstacles, notably the strong divisions between Roman Catholic Christianity in the West and Orthodox Christianity in the east. They also had to navigate mutual suspicion and indifference. The book charts their continuing efforts to surmount the difficulties in order to promote a spiritual, cultural, political and military alliance against the Ottomans.Although Constantinople would eventually fall, this book provides a new insight into this momentous period of history and one that is sure to stimulate renewed interest and discussion.
A History of British Hospitality
Peter Cox and Peter Robinson invite you to explore the rich and diverse history of the British hospitality industry from the earliest Roman establishments to the refined hotels of today. They illustrate how historical events, cultural shifts, and technological advancements have continually reshaped our hospitality experiences.Beginning in ancient times, when the Romans introduced public lodging and communal bathing to Britain, the book sets the stage for future hospitality services. It explores medieval and Tudor hospitality, where monasteries and manor houses were essential in providing shelter and sustenance. The Industrial Revolution brought new culinary traditions and the emergence of coaching inns and railway hotels, transforming travel and accommodation. European influences introduced novel cuisines and service styles, raising the standards of British hospitality, while iconic establishments such as The Ritz and The Savoy set new benchmarks for luxury and service.Each chapter of this book provides a glimpse into different eras of this multifaceted industry, weaving together stories of tradition, innovation, and the timeless human desire for connection and comfort. Richly illustrated and carefully researched, this book celebrates the British hospitality industry in all its glory.
Dynasties
''Dynasties'' provides an overview of the history of the aristocracy in England from the Saxon period to the present: as feudal vassals; Tudor and Stuart courtiers; Georgian and Victorian magnates; the decline and fall and then the rise of the noble families from the ashes as guardians of heritage. Sixteen noble families are examined in detail, including the Wellesleys of Stratfield Saye, the Cavendishes of Chatsworth, the Churchills of Blenheim Palace, the Grosvenors of Eaton Hall, the Spencers of Althorp, and the Herberts of Highclere Castle. Scanning just these six, is it is obvious their history is associated with some of the greatest names and most important events in English history: Waterloo, Winston Churchill and WW2 - and ''Downton Abbey''! Each chapter will give a lively account of the family’s place in history from their earliest rise to prominence to the present day. (All those families chosen to receive a devoted chapter persist into the 21st century). Those older families involved in medieval wars and court intrigues often have legends associated with their founding, as well as playing roles in controversial episodes in royal history. Beyond the political and constitutional context, ''Dynasties'' considers the local, familial, and personal stories associated with the families: love stories, tragedies and criminal behaviour; the poets, politicians, architects and artists produced by the ‘great families’, alongside the generals. remarkably, there is no guide to all the major families available in print with this approach. ''Burke''s Peerage'' it is not.
A-Z of the Forest of Dean
With its own traditions and strong sense of identity and independence, the Forest of Dean appears as a separate, almost secret, part of Gloucestershire. Some of its ancient history has only recently come to light, after lying hidden beneath the forest canopy for millennia, but its more recent past also evokes surprise and wonder. Local author David Elder takes the reader on an A-Z tour around the region’s history, uncovering the stories of its buildings, famous (and infamous) sons and daughters, natural features and fascinating old routes and thoroughfares. From its highest point, once known as Yarleton Hill, to the shores of its two vast rivers, we discover hidden places, many mentioned in the Domesday Book, characterful rocks and ancient trees. Alongside freeminers, rebel leaders, trades union rights campaigners, community doctors, composers, poets and pioneering metallurgists we find enterprising members of a family who gave their name to the household brand of a famous malted drink, and a wealthy merchant and, later, Lord Mayor of London immortalised in folklore.A-Z of the Forest of Dean reveals the history behind the area, its towns and villages, industries and the people connected with it. Alongside the famous historical connections, are unusual characters, tucked away places and unique events that are less well-known. It is fully illustrated with photography and will appeal to all those with an interest in this spectacular corner of England.
Quirky Bristol
Bristol has been one of England’s largest cities since it became a county in 1373. In the 17th century writers described Bristol as ‘a little London for merchants’ and it held its status as a major port from the Middle Ages. Yet despite its mercantile wealth Bristol has been called paradoxical and down the years the quirks have shone through. Not least is why Bristol was ever successful as a port in the first place. Inland on a river with a dangerous bend, it has a tidal rise and fall that is the second greatest of any in the world, which left ships stranded in mud for several hours of the day. In Quirky Bristol author Cynthia Stiles delves into lesser known but fascinating tales from Bristol’s past. In this book, readers will find stories of ‘diamonds’ and rare plants found in the Avon Gorge, architectural oddities, early medical practices and practitioners in the city, the 19th century craze of pedestrianism, the famous Bristol Milk and Bristol Cream and much, much more.Quirky Bristol celebrates the unusual and often strange history of Bristol and its characters over the years. This fascinating insight into Bristol will be of interest to all those who want to know more about the city’s quirky history.
The Arboretum
Trees have been described as ‘the lungs of the planet’ because of their ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen. They are valued for the many useful products they can provide including timber, resins, fruits and nuts. However, many people feel a strong connection to trees which goes beyond considerations of their ecological and economic importance. Trees have featured in the ancient mythologies of mankind and continue to have an emotional resonance for us today.The Arboretum looks at the development and social history of tree collections, from that of the female Pharaoh Hatshepsut of Egypt, who imported incense trees from the land of Punt, to those of the early public parks of the nineteenth century as well as private collections. Illustrated with vintage postcards, paintings and photographs showing examples of arboreta in the United Kingdom and beyond, this is a celebration of the majesty of trees and the joy they can bring us.
Glasgow in Photographs
Glasgow, Scotland’s largest city, has long been an important cultural and trading centre. Its historic university and the wealth generated by the Atlantic trade, followed by massive industrial expansion, has left a legacy that can be seen in the fabric of Glasgow today. It was one of the first cities in Europe to reach a population of one million and became one of the largest cities in the British Empire. The 1930s Great Depression hit Glasgow hard and after the Second World War, Glasgow underwent a massive rehousing and urban renewal programme, moving many people to the periphery of Glasgow. Since the 1980s, Glasgow has redefined itself, drawing many back into the city.In this book photographer David Collie celebrates today’s face of Glasgow in a collection of stunning images which portray not just the new buildings that characterise the modern city, but also how the how the older Glasgow also survives alongside them, many turned into new uses, to create this unique vibrant city which displays its creativity often on its streets. For all those who are proud to live and work in Glasgow, as well as those visiting, this book is a must. Look through these photographs and you will quickly see the special fascination of this changing city.
Battles of the Bible Illustrated Atlas
Sitting on the edge of empires, for more than 2000 years before the birth of Christ the Biblical lands were fought over by rival peoples – Canaanites, Philistines, Israelites, Assyrians, Babylonians, Greeks, and Romans. Forming a land bridge between Eurasia and Africa and controlling access to the eastern Mediterranean, the territory that today makes up much of the modern state of Israel has proved a tempting prize for a wide array of would-be conquerors. Battles of the Bible Illustrated Atlas introduces 20 key battles from the Biblical era. Beginning with the Israelites’ campaign against Ai (1407 BC) and finishing with the siege of Masada (73 AD), examples from every major campaign are featured. The book contains the major Hebrew leaders such as Saul and David, the invasion of the Assyrians and the enslavement of the Israelites by the Babylonians. Each battle includes a contextual introduction, a description of the action, and an analysis of the aftermath. A specially-commissioned map illustrating the dispositions and movement of forces helps the reader grasp the course of the battle. Authoritatively written and with more than 200 maps, artworks and photographs, Battles of the Bible Illustrated Atlas is an essential companion for anyone interested in Ancient military history.
Forgotten Heroines
They changed the world – and yet their names remain unknown. Forgotten Heroines tells the inspiring stories of extraordinary women who made groundbreaking contributions to politics, science, and the arts, but who have been all but erased from public memory. Did you know that modern Bluetooth technology was invented by the most beautiful actress in film history? That the world’s first parliamentary president was a woman? Or that the iconic "I love NY" slogan was created by one of the earliest female pioneers in advertising? Unjustly overlooked by male-dominated historiography, these pioneering inventors, brilliant artists, and courageous activists finally receive the recognition they deserve. With engaging portraits, fascinating facts, and powerful imagery – complemented by reflections from today’s experts – this book shines a spotlight on the women who helped shape our world.
The Counterinsurgency Dilemma
In the wake of the Taliban's military defeat in 2001, foreign fighters played a critical role in assisting the Taliban to launch an insurgency against Coalition forces. Ten years later, by al-Qaida's own admission, the Taliban "almost didn't need" al-Qaida's non-Afghan fighters. Over time the Taliban grew sufficiently in strength that its need for foreign fighters—and foreign fighters' influence—virtually disappeared. Somalia shows a similar pattern. Foreign fighters initially played a prominent role in al-Shabaab, helping the group to launch an insurgency against Ethiopian forces, but their influence also declined as al-Shabaab became the dominant insurgent organization and built ties within Somali society. This is the first book to examine how foreign fighters gain and lose influence during insurgencies. Understanding foreign fighters' impact on conflicts is of increasing importance as the number of foreign fighters who have mobilized has grown in recent years, both in absolute numbers and in terms of the proportion of conflicts in which they are involved. In examining the conditions that contribute to the changes in their effect over time, Bacon explains how and why foreign fighter influence evolves within a conflict and which factors enable and constrain foreign fighter influence throughout an insurgency. Knowing how foreign fighters are situated vis-a-vis local insurgents, specifically the type of relationships they forge, should shape every aspect of counterinsurgency strategies to avoid counterproductive tactics, more effectively counter insurgent movements, and better protect civilians.
The State of Lebanon
Lebanon gained its formal political independence in 1943. During the dozen years that followed, women and men across class, sectarian, geographic, and ideological divides built, challenged, and reformed the institutional arrangements that would shape the country. With this book, Ziad Abu-Rish traces shifting patterns of alliances and conflict that shaped the material and representational production of the Lebanese nation-state. Exploring labor regimes, women's suffrage, the provision of electricity in Beirut, public education, and the armed forces—and the meetings, lectures, pamphlets, delegations, and protests they produced—Abu-Rish demonstrates how elite and popular groups mobilized normative ideas about independence and state power. The State of Lebanon offers a new social and institutional history of post-colonial Lebanon. Abu-Rish challenges common narratives of an absent, weak, or failed state. Instead, state institutional arrangements emerge as objects and subjects of political mobilization by politicians, bureaucrats, party activists, students, and workers. Rather than read history backward from the present, he approaches the past on its own terms. In so doing, Abu-Rish offers significant insights into politics, social life, and the state in Lebanon—grounded in the early post-independence period yet critical to how we understand Lebanon today.
Life Beyond Fear
Life Beyond Fear chronicles the harrowing journey of a Ukrainian woman and her family, forced to flee their war-torn homeland in search of safety, hope, and a new beginning. When Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, life as Natalie Oceanheart's family knew it crumbled overnight. Oceanheart woke up her two small children to explain that their city was under attack, moved her elderly parents to safety, and ultimately moved her family to the United States. Yet the war had been shadowing their lives since 2014, with Russia's first invasion. Through raw and honest storytelling, Oceanheart traces her family's path from the bombed streets of Ukraine to the uncertain crossroads of Europe, and finally to the United States, where they navigated an unfamiliar culture and rebuilt their lives as immigrants while carrying the invisible weight of trauma and loss. Oceanheart captures not only the horrors of war but also the small moments of humanity that shine through in the darkest times—the kindness of strangers, the strength of family, and the enduring hope for peace. Life Beyond Fear is more than a personal story: It is a testament to the resilience of families displaced by war, the complexities of immigration, and the universal human quest for safety, belonging, and freedom.
Once There Was a Town
By the close of World War II, six million Jews had been erased from the face of the earth. Those who eluded death had lost their homes, families, and entire way of life. Their response was quintessentially Jewish. From a people with a long-history of self-narration, survivors gathered in groups and wrote books, yizkor books, remembering all that had been destroyed. Jane Ziegelman’s Once There Was a Town takes readers on a journey through this largely uncharted body of writing and the vanished world it depicts. Once There Was a Town resounds with the voices of rich and poor, shopkeepers and tradespeople, scholars and peddlers, Zionists and Communists, men and women telling stories of the towns that were their homes. Stops are made in the bustling market squares where Jewish merchants catered to local farmers; study houses where men recited Torah; kitchens where homemakers baked 20-pound loaves of bread; cemeteries where mourners conversed with departed loved ones and wooded groves where young couples met for the occasional moonlit tryst. Of the many towns on Ziegelman’s itinerary, she always circles back to Luboml, her family’s ancestral shtetl and the point of departure for her own journey of discovery. In conversation with classics by IB Singer and Roman Vishniac, Once There Was a Town is a landmark of rediscovery, and a love song to a vanished world.
Oathbreakers
“Fascinating.” — The Wall Street Journal“An enlightening portrait of the medieval mindset.” — Publishers WeeklyThe authors of The Bright Ages return with a “real-life Game of Thrones” (New York Times Book Review)—the story of the Carolingian Civil War, a bloody, protracted battle pitting brother against brother, father against son, that would end an empire, upend a continent, and redefine the future of Europe By the early ninth century, the Carolingian empire was at the height of its power. The Franks, led by Charlemagne, had built the largest European domain since Rome in its heyday. Though they jockeyed for power, prestige, and profit, the Frankish elites enjoyed political and cultural consensus. But just two generations later, their world was in shambles. Civil war, once an unthinkable threat, had erupted after Louis the Pious’s sons tried to overthrow him—and then placed their knives at the other’s neck. Families who had once charged into battle together now drew each other’s blood.The Carolingian Civil War would rage for years as kings fought kings, brother faced off against brother, and sons challenged fathers. Oathbreakers is the dramatic history of this brutal, turbulent time. Medieval historians David M. Perry and Matthew Gabriele illuminate what happens when a once unshakeable political and cultural order breaks down and long suppressed tensions flare into deadly violence. Drawn from rich primary sources, featuring a wide cast of characters, packed with dramatic twists and turns, this is history that rivals the greatest fictional epics—with consequences that continue to shape our own world.Oathbreakers offers lessons of what deep cracks in a once-stable social and political fabric might reveal, and the bloody consequences of disagreeing on facts and reality. The Civil War at the heart of this tale asks: who is “in” and who is “out”? And what happens when things fall apart?
Red Dawn Over China
A FINANCIAL TIMES HIGHLIGHT FOR 2026 'The most important reappraisal of modern China to appear in years' PETER FRANKOPAN, author of The Silk Roads and The Earth TransformedFrom renowned, prize-winning historian Frank Dikötter – ‘the historian of China’ (Spectator) – a commanding new history of China’s path to Communism, brought to the people at the barrel of a gun. The history of modern China has long been portrayed as a tale of Communists fighting in the hills for freedom, gradually gaining popular support by taking land from the rich and giving it to the poor. Drawing on a wealth of archival evidence, Red Dawn Over China reveals how unlikely the Party's victory actually was, had it not been for financial and military support from the Soviet Union. Established in 1921 under the direct guidance of Moscow, for the best part of a decade the Communist Party left a trail of destruction, besieging towns and plundering the countryside. When the Communists managed to hold territory, they reduced the villagers to a state of servitude, undermining belief in their cause as well as the local economy. By 1936 they had the same popular appeal as an obscure religious sect. A brutal war of occupation by Japan allowed them to survive far behind enemy lines. After Soviet troops invaded Manchuria in 1945 and provided more money and munitions, the Communists at long last prevailed through a pitiless war of attrition, driven by an unflinching will to conquer at all costs. In this riveting tale told with great narrative verve, Frank Dikötter reveals how thirteen delegates gathered in a dusty room in 1921 ended up raising the red flag over the Forbidden City in 1949, forever altering the course of history for a quarter of humanity and shaping the world as we know it today. Praise for Frank Dikötter and the People's Trilogy:'Harrowing and brilliant' Ben Macintyre'Gripping and masterful' Simon Sebag Montefiore'One of the few books that anyone who wants to understand the twentieth century simply must read' New Statesman
Pridajte sa k nám na ceste časom s našou komplexnou kolekciou encyklopédií zaoberajúcich sa históriou. Táto kategória obsahuje všetko od praveku až po súčasnosť. Študujte historické udalosti, významné osobnosti, dôležité civilizácie a momenty, ktoré formovali svet, v ktorom žijeme dnes. Ideálne pre študentov, učiteľov, ako aj pre všeobecných historických nadšencov, naše encyklopédie sú zdrojom nevyčerpaných informácií a zábavného poznávania.
Mnohé encyklopédie sú bohato ilustrované, čo umožňuje čitateľom lepšie vizualizovať a porozumieť historickým udalostiam a obdobiam.
