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História 
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Vesmír, veda a technika 
Ľudské telo, človek 
Encyklopédie - ostatné
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Gold
This full-colour, illustrated reference guide explores the fascinating history of gold. Why are we so fascinated by gold? Why is it so revered and so valued? From the earliest times to the present day, humans have been attracted by this sun-coloured metal, sometimes worshipping it, always prizing it. Gold: The Metal that Rules the World investigates the history of this versatile element, examining what it is, how it came to be found on Earth and why it has played such an important part in human history. A precious commodity that still rules the world of finance, gold has taken many forms: from statues and beautiful, intricate jewellery to playing a vital role as a delicate component in highly sophisticated technology and, as medical science advances, as part of ever-more crucial treatments for serious illnesses. Highly readable and fully illustrated, this is an engrossing tale of humankind''s love affair with element no 79.
Contested Commons
A radical history of England, Contested Commons is a gripping overview of increasingly restrictive policing and legislation against protest in public spaces. It tells the long history of contests over Trafalgar Square, Hyde Park, Cable Street and Kinder Scout, as well as sites in towns and rural areas across the country. Navickas reveals how protesters claimed these spaces as their own commons, resisting their continuing enclosure and exclusion by social and political elites. She investigates famous and less well-known demonstrations and protest marches, from early democracy, trade union movements and the Suffragettes to anti-fascist, Black rights and environmental campaigners in more recent times. Contested Commons offers positive as well as troubling lessons on how we protect the right to protest.
The Secret Battle For Britain
The dramatic story of Franz von Werra, famously the only Axis PoW to succeed in escaping and make it home during the Second World War, is told in the 1957 movie The One That Got Away. The film details von Werra’s interrogation by RAF intelligence in 1940, presenting an enlightening, but compressed, version of his treatment following his capture in the Battle of Britain. The script revealed a little of the tactics of his RAF interrogators, which so impressed von Werra that he was quick to tell the Luftwaffe High Command upon his return to Germany in 1941.Of course, von Werra was just one of many Luftwaffe airmen captured during 1939 and 1940. Many, if not all, were subject to processing and interrogation having been taken prisoner. Information was gleaned through ‘private’ discussions between senior officers and some lower ranks, obtained via covert microphones, as well as interrogation, stool pigeons. However, these tactics had been developed in the first months of the war and with the Battle of Britain producing vast quantities of PoWs, the new tactics were honed on these unsuspecting guinea pigs.The German airmen, most of whom at this stage of the war believed that victory was inevitable, provided Air Intelligence both wittingly and unwittingly, with a treasure trove of information which covered not only technical and tactical intelligence, but also possible war crimes, morale and more. Air Intelligence used tactics that any modern interrogator would recognise. The RAF also built up quite a library of information, much of it coming from what we now call ‘Open source’ material. This included newspapers, magazines, radio broadcasts and information from previous prisoners. Carefully collated and analysed, in time, Air Intelligence built up a detailed picture of pilots, aircraft, units and the general social situation around a unit or airfield community. This book examines the development of Air Intelligence and its interrogation of Luftwaffe airmen from 1939 to the end of the 1940, providing a fascinating insight into a little-known part of both the Battle of Britain and the Blitz.
A Spitfire’s Story
Public affection for the iconic Spitfire endures; indeed, if anything, it increases as more of these incredible aircraft are restored to airworthy condition. The Spitfire story, however, is one of people, designers, engineers, pilots, groundcrew, and more, whose lives were touched in some way by this extraordinary machine – and such stories are the inspiration for this book.Spitfire Mk.IA R6644 was built by Supermarine at Woolston, and test-flown by the famous test pilot Jeffrey Quill on 30 May 1940. Thereafter, the aircraft was taken on charge by 5 Operational Training Unit at Aston Down. While there, it was flown by a number of The Few, new replacement pilots converting to type.It is likely, for example, that R6644 was flown by Pilot Officer Richard Hillary, who, shot down and badly burned, became a member of the Guinea Pig Club. In his classic memoir The Last Enemy, Hillary described how 5 OTU’s young pilots would fly beneath the arches of the great railway bridge spanning the Severn estuary. This inspired the famous scene in the 1980s TV series Piece of Cake, when Ray Hanna flew Spitfire MH434 beneath a bridge for the cameras. Amongst the other pilots known to have flown R6644 at Aston Down are at least two aces. On 26 February 1941, R6644 was handed on to 65 Squadron. One of the latter’s pilots who flew in R6644 was the great ace Flying Officer Brendan ‘Paddy’ Finucane DFC. In April, R6644 was taken on charge by the recently formed 308 (Polish) Squadron. On 11 May 1941, Pilot Officer Franciszek Surma was flying R6644 to investigate an unidentified radar plot, which transpired to be a friendly Blenheim, but was forced to abandon the Spitfire near Malvern, Worcestershire, owing to an engine fire. Surma, again one of The Few, descended safely by parachute; he was reported missing off Dunkirk during Circus 110 on 8 November 1941.This book not only explores the men who flew R6674 throughout its wartime service, but also brings the story up to date by detailing the excavation of the Spitfire’s crash site in 1987.
Animating the Dead
This book provides the exciting results of a long-term project examining Bronze Age round barrow construction and burial practices in Orkney, Scotland. A main focus of this research is on the act of cremation; a technology of bodily metamorphosis as articulated through complex mortuary practices, which produced a distinctive form of funerary architecture. This, and other topical themes, are explored through the results of extensive excavations at several barrow cemeteries including Linga Fiold, Gitterpitten, Varme Dale, Vestrafiold and the Knowes of Trotty, the latter being famous for rich grave goods including gold discs and amber beads. In this context, in being built on the ruins of an early Neolithic settlement, Knowes of Trotty provides an intersection of relational fields, fusing local tradition with faraway places.At Linga Fiold, the barrow cemetery was almost entirely excavated, and by employing sophisticated recovery techniques and analyses, unique evidence is presented for a complex sequence of barrow building and mortuary practices. This enables the reconstruction of an extraordinary ritual journey of the deceased from cremation pyre to final interment.Additionally, several cist excavations are published here for the first time. This evidence allows an appraisal of the developing cist burial tradition in Orkney through the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age, from the insertion of remains into chambered tombs and large re-enterable unobtrusive cists, to the development of imposing linear barrow cemeteries, to the drawing in of the dead closer to home.Overall, the new findings presented here allow a reconsideration of the chronology and specifics of changing Orcadian burial technologies and traditions: clearly, such results have significance beyond Orkney for understanding the complexities of Bronze Age cremation and burial practices across Britain and north-west Europe.
With the SBS and SAS in WW2
From a choirboy on HMS Victory to a Royal Marine and then an early recruit of the Special Boat Service and Special Air Service, Ken Smith was a witness to many of the key events of the Second World War. Not for nothing was he often heard to say, ‘I never expected to see the end of the war.’ He did survive and credited the SAS with saving his life, although he carried a permanent reminder of his service for over seventy years: a bullet embedded in his arm.As a Royal Marine Ken survived the North Atlantic, Arctic and Mediterranean. When he heard there was a call for men to join a special forces group, Smith volunteered and was accepted into the SBS. Operating across the Mediterranean, the SBS raided German garrisons in North Africa, the Greek islands, Albania, Italy and Yugoslavia. In the Dodecanese, Smith and his comrades terrorized the occupying Germans. ‘We used to go out every night, landing on all these islands, shooting up Germans,’ recalled Ken.One of these missions was the famous raid on the island of Symi in July 1944. In what was one of the SBS’s largest raids, the entire German garrison was killed or taken prisoner. Ken was also there, as part of a specially selected force of eighteen men, when the legendary Dane, Anders Lassen, earned his posthumous Victoria Cross a raid on the north shore of Lake Comacchio in Italy. It was in a raid in Yugoslavia that Ken was hit with one bullet going through his back and out the other side, and a second being the one which remained in his arm for the rest of his life. Ken’s many missions saw him cradling his mortally wounded officer in his arms and sitting alongside an officer, in the same canoe, when he earned his Military Cross. This is Ken’s astonishing story.
Stalin’s Liquidation Game
Millions of innocent people were arrested in Stalin’s Soviet Union during the 1930s in different waves of mass repression. Under violent interrogation, many were forced to confess to crimes they did not commit. Rather than save their lives, as the interrogators had promised, confession was usually the last step to their execution. Very few of those arrested eventually refused to confess. Oleksandr Shums’kyi, the Ukrainian Marxist revolutionary, was one of the most important but least known of them. He not only refused to confess but sustained for over a decade a massive protest against his repression and the Stalinist attack on his country, Ukraine. Stalin punished him mercilessly in response, paralyzing him in jail and murdering his wife, but refrained from assassinating him for more than ten years. This book unravels the Shums’kyi riddle to explain why. In doing so, it opens a new window into understanding the history of Soviet repression and the Russian pathologies toward Ukrainian independence, which help us understand Russia’s current war against Ukraine.
Making Merchants
Using a rare collection of personal narratives written by successful merchants in early modern German-speaking Europe, this study examines how such men understood their role in commerce and in society more generally. As they told it, their honor was based not just on riches won in long-distance trade but, more fundamentally, on their comportment both in and outside the marketplace. As these men described their experiences as husbands and fathers, as civic leaders, as men who “lived nobly,” or as practitioners of their faith, they did not, however, seek to obscure their role as merchants. Rather, they built on it to construct a class identity that allowed them entry into the period's moral economy. Martha C. Howell not only disrupts linear histories of capitalism and modernity, she demonstrates how the model of mercantile honor these merchants fashioned would live beyond the early modern centuries, providing later capitalists with a narrative about their own self-worth.
My Own Past
In late eighteenth-century Havana, residents frequently referred to the existence of large communities of negros and pardos as 'officers in the trade of painter' and the authors of 'exquisite works.' But who are these artists, and where can we find their works? What sort of works did they produce? Where were they trained, and how did they master their crafts with such perfection? By centering the artistic production and social worlds of artists of African descent in Cuba since the colonial period, this revisionist history of Cuban art provides compelling answers to these questions. Carefully researched and cogently argued, the book explores the gendered racial biases that have informed the constitution of the Cuban art canon; exposes how the ideologues of the slave owning planter class institutionalized the association between 'fine arts' and key attributes of whiteness; and examines how this association continues to shape art historical narratives in Cuba.
Towards Disaster
In the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, Prince Andrew of Greece was given command of the 2nd Army Corps during the Battle of the Sakarya. He was commanded to lead his troops in attacking the Turkish positions, but to the consternation of his commanding general, Anastasios Papoulas, he elected to follow his own battle plan. Following three weeks of bitter fighting, Papoulas ordered a retreat, placing the blame directly on Prince Andrew. The final defeat of the Greek army in Asia Minor came in August 1922 and precipitated the 11 September 1922 Revolution in Athens, which led to Prince Andrew’s lifelong banishment from his homeland. Towards Disaster is Prince Andrew’s own account of the campaign in Asia Minor in which he defends his actions during the Battle of the Sakarya, a hopeless contest in his estimation, during which he was intent on avoiding needless loss of life.
Surviving Revolution
Surviving Revolution explores how two wealthy and well-connected families with roots in Lyon responded to the French Revolution and the resulting transformations. In building a new political system based on liberty, equality, and fraternity, the French Revolution encouraged both individuals and families to recognize their power to shape the world through political action, rethink their strategies in negotiating intimate relations and family life, and assess both terrifying new risks and enticing opportunities for advancement. Denise Z. Davidson traces two families' trajectories and weaves together the strategies they employed to survive and hopefully thrive in the decades that followed the Revolution. Their private correspondence shows that affect and interest, intimacy and property, are mutually constitutive, and cannot be "thought" separately. Her analysis reveals what it meant to be bourgeois, how gender played a role in the formation of class identities, and how family and emotional life overlapped with other arenas. These social and cultural themes are woven into the narrative through the stories told in the families' letters. By viewing dramatic historical events through the eyes of people who lived through them, Surviving Revolution illuminates how the practices of everyday life shaped emerging notions of bourgeois identity.
Friends of God and Slaves of Men
Religion and slavery have been connected since the beginning of human history, but their tangled relationship has rarely been dissected and truly understood. This groundbreaking book illuminates how religion has intersected with the institution of slavery, both as a force for its perpetuation and as a catalyst for its abolition. Spanning antiquity to the present day, this book offers a comprehensive overview of how Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and other faiths have variously justified, moderated, restricted, or opposed slavery. Experts Kevin Bales and Michael Rota integrate historical, philosophical, theological, and social scientific perspectives to offer fresh interdisciplinary insights into this crucial social justice issue. Engaging contemporary challenges, it covers ISIS's religious justifications for enslavement and the role of the caste system in modern bondage. Finally, it highlights faith-based antislavery activism today and asks how religious communities can amplify their efforts to combat the enduring scourge of slavery worldwide.
An Introduction to Peruvian Archaeology
An Introduction to Peruvian Archaeology: The Excavated Past offers an accessible and up-to-date guide to Peru’s rich archaeological heritage. Through a broad vision of archaeology as a discipline and historical reality, Henry Tantaleán offers a fascinating immersion into the past of Peru. This book is structured in three parts: an introduction to the key concepts of global and local archaeology, a brief history of Peruvian archaeology, and a tour of the societies of ancient Peru, from the first settlers to the fall of the Inca Empire. Furthermore, the author highlights the role of archaeology in daily life, education, and popular culture. This book is an invaluable resource not only for students and professionals of Peruvian archaeology but also for anyone interested in understanding the cultural legacy that these findings contribute to our understanding of human history.
The Chalcolithic and Bronze Age in Jersey
This volume is the first in a series of archaeological resource assessments commissioned by Jersey Heritage as part of an Archaeological Research Framework for the island. It is a comprehensive study of the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age of Jersey in the context of the other Channel Islands and their relationship with north-west France. The first part of the book describes our current state of knowledge and in the second part research objectives and questions are presented. These are designed to guide those responsible for the care and protection of artefacts, archaeological deposits and monuments. Researchers will benefit from the resource assessment as it provides an academic framework for future investigations in Jersey.
The China Question
For centuries, Western scholars portrayed China either as a land of superior morality, economy, and governance or as a formidable country of pagans that posed a global threat to Western values. Idealized images of China were used to shame rulers for their incompetence, while China was demonized as an external threat to cover up domestic political failures. In the twentieth century, the geopolitics of global capitalism have facilitated more nuanced perspectives, but the diversifying of knowledge about China is far from complete. In this thought-provoking study, Ho-fung Hung finds that both Western elites and China's authoritarian regime today continue to promote many Orientalist stereotypes to advance their economic interests and political projects. He shows how big-picture historical, social, and economic changes are inextricably linked to fluctuations in the realm of ideas. Only open debate can overcome extremes of fantasy and fear.
The Neolithic in Jersey
This volume is the second in a series commissioned by Jersey Heritage as part of an overarching Archaeological Research Framework for the island. It is a comprehensive, up-to-date study of the Neolithic of Jersey in the context of the other Channel Islands and their relationship with north-west France. After a brief reference to the preceding Mesolithic period, and a discussion of the Neolithisation of Jersey, the volume summarises our current state of knowledge and proposes key outstanding research questions for the Early Neolithic (c. 4900-4700 BC), the Middle Neolithic I (c. 4700/4600-4300 BC), the Middle Neolithic II (4300-3400 BC) and the Late – Final Neolithic and Chalcolithic (c. 3400 - 2300 BC). It offers an academic framework for future investigations in Jersey and aims to inform the actions of those responsible for the care and protection of Jersey’s artefacts, archaeological deposits and monuments.
Tanks and Armour in Ukraine 1941–1944
When the German war machine launched its attack against the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, Adolf Hitler had given priority first to the capture of Ukraine, which was against the advice of his generals. In order to secure Ukraine quickly and effectively the German Army Group South entrusted its powerful Panzer Group 1 to lead the spearhead through the country. It included the III, XIV and XLVIII Army Corps (motorized) with five Panzer divisions and four motorized divisions (two of them SS) equipped with 799 tanks. Unlike their enemy, German armoured units had effective command, control, communication, and a massive supply of ammunition and support formations coupled with considerable combat experience and extensive training. What followed in the heartlands of the Ukraine was a series of powerful wide-sweeping, deep penetrating armoured attacks toward the Dnieper River. Places like Dubno, Brody, Kiev, Crimea and Kharkov saw heavy armoured fighting.This book in the Images of War series is a highly illustrated record of German tanks and armour that fought in the Ukraine between 1941 and 1944. It describes how these deadly machines fought and supported the infantry on the battlefield. It depicts how these formidable weapons were adapted and up-gunned to face the ever-increasing enemy threat. With rare and often unpublished photographs this book provides a unique insight into German armour in the Ukraine from its early triumphant days in 1941 and 1942 to its slow and painful retreat in 1944.
Looted!
Looted! Is a history of the lives and art collections of four French Jewish families, whose art was looted, and whose businesses were confiscated during the Nazi Occupation of France (1940-44). The story is of their lives, their businesses and art collections, and the journeys of their paintings during wartime and beyond.The four Protagonist families all made an important cultural and industrial contribution to France. The Bader/Heilbronn/Meyer family were founders of the French department store, Galeries Lafayette. Their entire art collections were looted by the German ERR and processed in Paris in copybook fashion; both Heilbronn and Meyer were significant members of the French wartime Resistance. Pierre Wertheimer founded Parfums Chanel, and he too had to flee from the occupier; a ‘friend’ offered to help save his paintings from plunder but betrayed him. Pierre and Denise Lévy of Troyes were founders of one of the largest Textile businesses in France, and post-war they donated their art collection to the French nation. They managed to seek refuge in the unoccupied south and were fortunate to hide their art from the German occupier. Georges Lévy (Lurcy), an aviation industrialist and banker, made his fortune in France and also invested heavily in art. He sought refuge in the US during the Occupation, successfully smuggling the bulk of his art out of France to the US via Portugal. After his death Lurcy’s art collection was sold as part of what was termed the ‘Greatest Auction’; to this day the proceeds fund continuing educational exchange between France and US . Each story of imagination, resilience and determination, shows a different facet of the Jewish French art collector experience during the Dark Years of Occupation.
PS Gay
Dear Gay was an instant bestseller when it was published in 2023. PS Gay brings readers more letters and memories from the listeners of Ireland’s most iconic radio show. PS Gay reflects the very fabric of our society from the lighter watercooler moments that had us all talking, to personal stories that stopped us in our tracks. Remember the uproar over Dick’s affair in Glenroe and the nationwide protest about the decision by Switzer’s department store to remove the Christmas gnomes from the window. There are accounts of the devastating impact of the AIDS crisis, the divorce referendum and heartbreaking experiences of abortion. Most importantly, there are the stories of the lives of everyday superwomen who wrote into the show to share their experiences, Gay Byrne acting as ringmaster skilfully capturing what mattered to them. Nostalgic for times that seemed simpler than they are today, and a reminder of how far we have come.
Pridajte sa k nám na ceste časom s našou komplexnou kolekciou encyklopédií zaoberajúcich sa históriou. Táto kategória obsahuje všetko od praveku až po súčasnosť. Študujte historické udalosti, významné osobnosti, dôležité civilizácie a momenty, ktoré formovali svet, v ktorom žijeme dnes. Ideálne pre študentov, učiteľov, ako aj pre všeobecných historických nadšencov, naše encyklopédie sú zdrojom nevyčerpaných informácií a zábavného poznávania.
Mnohé encyklopédie sú bohato ilustrované, čo umožňuje čitateľom lepšie vizualizovať a porozumieť historickým udalostiam a obdobiam.
