Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné - História strana 80 z 161
História 
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Twenty Years
One of the Washington Post''s 50 Best Nonfiction Books of 2024 An Economist Best Book of the Year | An Air Mail editor''s pick"Rasmussen combines social history with rigorous reporting . . . His ability to delve into [his characters''] lives lends his book the feeling of a novel . . . Trenchant . . . Superlative." —Martha Anne Toll, The Washington Post"Devastating . . . Impressive . . . Haunting." —Suzy Hansen, The New York Review of BooksAn intimate history of the Afghan war—and the young Afghans whose dreams it enabled and dashed. No country was more deeply affected by 9/11 than Afghanistan: an entire generation grew up amid the upheaval that began that day. Young Afghans knew the promise of freedom, democracy, and safety, fought with each other over its meaning—and then witnessed its collapse. In Twenty Years, the Wall Street Journal correspondent Sune Engel Rasmussen draws on more than a decade of reporting from the country to tell Afghanistan’s story from a new angle. Through the eyes of newly empowered women, skilled entrepreneurs, driven insurgents, and abandoned Western allies, we see the United States and its partners bring new freedoms and wealth, only to preside over the corruption, war-lordism, and social division that led to the Taliban’s return to power. Rasmussen relates this history via two main characters: Zahra, who returns from abroad with high hopes for her liberated county, where she must fight to escape a brutal marriage and rebuild her life; and Omari, who joins the Taliban to protect the honor of his village and country and winds up wrestling with doubt and the trauma of war after achieving victory. We also meet Parasto, who risks her life running clandestine girls’ schools under the new Taliban regime, and Fahim, a rags-to-riches tycoon who is forced to flee. With intimate access to these and other characters, Rasmussen offers deep insight into a country betrayed by the West and Taliban alike.
Masters of Mayhem
Silver Medal winner in Military History Matters 'Book of the Year' Award“Written with great accuracy, detail, enthusiasm, and insight…” Military History Matters judges' commentStriking where the enemy is weakest and melting away into the darkness before he can react. Never confronting a stronger force directly, but willing to use audacity and surprise to confound and demoralize an opponent. Operations driven by good intelligence, area knowledge, mobility, speed, firepower, and detailed planning executed by a few specialists with indigenous warriors - this is unconventional warfare. T. E. Lawrence was one of the earliest practitioners of modern unconventional warfare. His tactics and strategies were used by men like Mao and Giap in their wars of liberation. Both kept Lawrence’s Seven Pillars of Wisdom close at hand. This book looks at the creation of the HEDGEHOG force, the formation of armored car sections and other units, and focuses on the Hejaz Operations Staff, the Allied officers and men who took Lawrence’s idea and prosecuted it against the Ottoman Turkish army assisting Field Marshal Allenby to achieve victory in 1918. Stejskal concludes with an examination of how HEDGEHOG has influenced special operations and unconventional warfare, including Field Marshal Wavell, the Long Range Desert Group, and David Stirling's SAS
The Medieval Horse
This book explores the role of horses across the medieval world, from the Kievan Rus' and Scandinavia to Central Europe, Byzantium, the Arab world and Asia, including China and India. Covering the early medieval period to the late Middle Ages, it examines how horses shaped societies, warfare and culture and how their legacy persists in traditional equestrian sports today. Drawing on little-known primary sources, artefacts, and the author’s hands-on experience with historical horsemanship, the book offers a vivid account of the deep connection between people and horses. Combining scholarly insight with practical knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of medieval horses in Europe and Asia to date.
The Last Yorkists
Edmund and Richard de la Pole were the last princes of the House of York to actively seek the English throne – their epic thirty year struggle against Henry VII and Henry VIII saw them plunged into a murderous maelstrom of international intrigue. Although the brothers were nephews of Richard III, England’s last Yorkist king, neither had been born to rule and they were forced into rebellion by the relentless scheming of their Tudor rivals.During their miserable years of exile, both men would be pursued by assassins, beset by spies and betrayed by friends; but when Edmund found himself trapped by the shifting sands of medieval alliances, Richard took on the mantle of ‘White Rose’. Being far more shrewd than his irascible brother, Richard successfully recruited the French and Scottish kings to the Yorkist cause and his attempts to depose the Tudors would win him fame and fortune on battlefields from Naples to Northumberland - but not the crown he so desperately desired.
Ancient Civilizations of Afghanistan
Afghanistan, at the meeting place of the Indian subcontinent, Middle East and Central Asia, holds a key place in the spread of ancient civilizations. Its remarkable cultural heritage includes the Bronze Age Helmand civilization, the Greek kingdom of Bactria, the Kushan Empire and the Ghaznavid Empire – yet much of its history remains unknown to a general audience. This beautifully illustrated book unveils Afghanistan’s ancient cities, temples, stupas, monasteries and other monuments set against breathtaking landscapes, presenting them to a wider audience. Incorporating the latest research and discoveries, it is a captivating journey through Afghanistan’s rich antiquities, brought to life with the author’s vivid, full-colour photographs.
Mapping the Silk Road
For over 2,000 years, the precise location of the Stone Tower—the midpoint of the ancient Silk Road, where caravans traveling between Europe and Asia paused to rest, trade, and resupply—has remained a mystery. Claudius Ptolemy (AD 90–168), an Alexandrian, was an astronomer and geographer. In his third work Geographia, he described the Stone Tower, a special place high up in the mountains in a region referred to as the Roof of the World, which marked the mid-point on a complex network of overland routes collectively known today as the Silk Road. Scholars have long debated its location, but no work until now has focused solely on identifying this elusive site. This book explores the search for the Stone Tower and its significance in ancient geography, cartography, and trade. Determining its location not only resolves a historical puzzle but could also lead to the discovery of other lost settlements described in Ptolemy’s Geographia. The book is divided into three sections: the origins of the Silk Road, the historical forces that led to the tower’s prominence, and the precise identification of its location. The author demonstrates why Ptolemy’s text alone is insufficient to pinpoint the site and introduces four key criteria that the location would have logically needed to satisfy for it to have become such a prominent meeting place and caravanserai. He argues that the Stone Tower corresponds to the Sulaiman-Too in Kyrgyzstan, the holiest mountain in Central Asia. This site was a key meeting point for traders and holds significant spiritual and cultural importance, with connections to Zoroastrianism and the Sasanian Empire. By solving this ancient riddle, the book sheds new light on Silk Road history, offering fresh perspectives on trade, geography, and the civilizations that shaped this vital network of commerce and cultural exchange.
A Portrait of Suffolk
Suffolk has a special beauty. The coast of England’s easternmost county embraces the towns of Lowestoft, Southwold, Aldeburgh and Felixstowe, and remote places such as Benacre and Shingle Street. Several rivers thread through its landscape, heading for the North Sea, including the Stour, Deben and Alde, while the port of Ipswich on the River Orwell is the county town. Historic Bury St Edmunds is the centre for West Suffolk, and Newmarket on the western edge is famed for its horse racing. There is medieval wool wealth on display in several villages, most notably in Lavenham, while the gentle rusticity of the county’s undulating interior – its fields, woods and heaths – through the seasons delights the eye. Photographer John Worrall has captured Suffolk’s essence in this collection of stunning images, portraying the county at its best. For those who are proud to live in Suffolk and for those visiting, this book is a must. Look through these photographs and you will quickly see why this corner of England has such enduring appeal.
Paranormal Gloucestershire
Gloucestershire is a county rich in beauty, history and a high level of spiritual, mysterious and paranormal activity. With a profusion of haunted inns, castles, houses and landscape features, the presence of the past is absorbed into the fabric of places as diverse as the Neolithic burial chamber of Belas Knap Long Barrow, the prisons at Gloucester and Littledean and the twelfth-century Ancient Ram Inn at Wotton-under-Edge. Hauntings have been reported at Sudeley Castle, Chavenage House, St Briavels Castle, Woodchester Mansion and Owlpen Manor, and many report unsettling experiences at the abbeys in Gloucester and Tewkesbury, the villages of Prestbury and Arlingham, and in the Montpelier and Pittville areas of Cheltenham. In this book author S. C. Skillman visits eerie locations around Gloucestershire to unearth a selection of chilling tales about them and explores the strangeness of the hauntings of this fascinating county.Paranormal Gloucestershire takes the reader into the world of ghosts and spirits in the county, following their footsteps into the unknown. These tales of haunted places, supernatural happenings and weird phenomena will delight the ghost hunters and fascinate and intrigue everybody who knows Gloucestershire.
Nat Turner, Black Prophet
"Stellar . . . Spectacular . . . [A] heartfelt, painstaking account." —Nell Irvin Painter, The Washington Post"An extraordinary collaboration . . . A profound achievement . . . Downs is a superb, even lyrical writer." —David W. Blight, Los Angeles TimesA Times Literary Supplement Book of the Year | One of Literary Hub''s 50 Best Nonfiction Books of the YearA bold reinterpretation of the causes and legacy of Nat Turner''s rebellion—and the new definitive account. In August 1831, a group of enslaved people in Southampton County, Virginia, rose up to fight for their freedom. They attacked the plantations on which their enslavers lived and attempted to march on the county seat of Jerusalem, from which they planned to launch an uprising across the South. After the rebellion was suppressed, well over a hundred people, Black and white, lay dead or were hanged. As news of the revolt spread, it became apparent that it was the idea of a single man: Nat Turner. An enslaved preacher, he was as enigmatic as he was brilliant. He was also something more—a prophet, one who claimed to have received visions from the Spirit urging him to act. Nat Turner, Black Prophet is the fullest recounting to date of Turner’s uprising, and the first that refuses to tame or overlook his divine visions. Instead, it takes those visions seriously, tracing their emergence from the world of nineteenth-century Methodism, with its revivals, camp meetings, interracial churches, and Black preachers. The rebellion and its aftermath would hasten the end of this world, as Southern states further restricted the personal freedoms of the enslaved, even as the ongoing threat of revolt shaped the country’s politics. With this work of narrative history, the late historian Anthony E. Kaye and his collaborator Gregory P. Downs have given us a new understanding of one of the nineteenth century''s most decisive events.
British Army Terminology and Abbreviations 1939-1945
This book is not only intended for a general readership, but also for military researchers and historians who often find that they get lost in the huge and arcane raft of terminology employed by the army during the conflict. It is an essential guide resting on the elbow of every serious historian as they undertake research using primary and secondary sources, and of every reader exploring secondary sources about the war. No such reference book as this exists. The author is an experienced military historian with a background in British Army history, and yet even he often found himself stumped when reading War Diaries, National Archive documents, and other primary sources.The text consists of the following main sections:- Abbreviations and acronyms- Units, regiments and corps- A full glossary of military concepts and terminology- British army slang- Operational namesAs well as general military terms, a great deal of effort has gone into looking at the often deeply technical and even arcane terminology used not only by the commanders and their staff and the combat units, but also by the multitude of supporting organisations, including artillery, engineering, supply and transport, and medical. What''s a BM? It''s a Band Master, a Beach Master, a Brigade Major and a Bending Moment in bridging!
Why the Industrial Revolution Happened in Britain
Britain’s key importance in world history was a product of its constitution and its empire, but both, in turn, were sustained and supported by Britain’s role in achieving the first Industrial Revolution. In part this was a matter of coal and steam but far more was involved. Alongside the ‘push’ factors of entrepreneurs and resources came the ‘pull’ factors of consumerism, fashion and an ability to purchase goods. There was also the context of parliamentary government, the rule of law, a society open to talent, and no internal tariff boundaries.The combination of these factors produced vital synergies. They also ensure that the history of the Industrial Revolution is the history of a country, a people, and of the factors that made them exceptional.
The Mamluks
From humble beginnings as slaves in Egypt, the Mamluks trained as soldiers and rose in status to seize control of the largest empire in Islam. They ruled over Egypt and Syria for over two centuries. They saved the region from devastation by the Mongols and expelled the last of the Crusaders from the Holy Land. The Mamluks presided over the last flowering of the culture of medieval Islam, when scientific and artistic achievements were at least preserved, if not greatly advanced.The first Mamluks were Turks, chosen for their reputed pugnacious nature. A Turk and his horse always made a formidable combination, according to writings from the early period of the Arab conquests. As author John Brunton explains, ‘The tibaq system made soldiers of slaves. As a hybrid of the harsh nomadic tribesman and the well-trained knight, a Mamluk faris (cadet trooper) could certainly produce results.’Conquest by the Ottomans of 1517 may have ended the Mamluke Sultanate, but the Mamluks themselves continued as a powerful military class until modern times. They fought Napoleon when he invaded Egypt in 1798. Their alleged end in 1811 was as bloody as the rest of their history, but there is even evidence of the Mamluks continuing longer, possibly until the later nineteenth century.
War in Ukraine Volume 10
For the first time, the detailed course of events has been reconstructed and the reasons for the defeat of the Russian army are analysed. This account is based on the author?s own observations and first-hand interviews with hundreds of Ukrainian participants in the battle as he found himself cut off and surrounded in the city of Chernihiv during the crucial first months of the war.War in Ukraine Volume 10: The Battle of Chernihiv, February-March 2022 is extensively illustrated with the author?s own photographs of these pivotal events, along with specially commissioned colour artworks and maps.
City of Southend: A Potted History
The modern city of Southend-on-Sea has come a long way since its eighteenth-century origins as an oyster fishing hamlet at the south end of Prittlewell parish. Now Southend is a regional employment, shopping and educational centre, attracting 6.5 million visitors a year and housing 180,000 permanent residents. The construction of the Royal Hotel in the 1790s began Southend’s transformation into a resort, but it was the arrival of the railway in 1856 that was the real catalyst for growth. The town’s boundaries expanded three times: in the 1890s, 1910s and 1930s. During the Second World War, Southend played a key part in the defence of London and in the organisation of merchant shipping convoys. By the 1950s and 1960s the town was known far and wide as a mecca for leisure and entertainment. The awarding of city status in 2021, following the senseless murder of Southend West MP Sir David Amess, who had long campaigned for it, was bittersweet but it was also the latest symbol of how Southend has grown.Illustrated throughout, this accessible historical portrait of the transformation that Southend has undergone through the ages will be of great interest to residents, visitors and all those with links to the city.
The Old Regime and the Revolution, Volume II
The continuation of Alexis de Tocqueville’s great meditation on the origins and meanings of the French Revolution. With his monumental work The Old Regime and the Revolution, Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–59)—best known for his classic Democracy in America—envisioned a multivolume philosophical study of the origins of modern France that would examine the implications of French history on the nature and development of democratic society. Volume I, which covered the eighteenth-century background to the Revolution, was published to great acclaim in 1856. On the continuation of this project, he wrote: "When this Revolution has finished its work, [this volume] will show what that work really was, and what the new society which has come from that violent labor is, what the Revolution has taken away and what it has preserved from that old regime against which it was directed." Tocqueville died in the midst of this work. Here in Volume II is all that he had completed, including the chapters he started for a work on Napoleon, notes and analyses he made in the course of researching and writing the first volume, and his notes on his preparation for his continuation. More than ever before, readers will be able to glean how Tocqueville's account of the Revolution would have come out, had he lived to finish it. This handsomely produced volume completes the set and is essential reading for anyone interested in the French Revolution or in Tocqueville’s thought.
Battle for the Island Kingdom
SHORTLISTED FOR MILITARY HISTORY MATTERS BOOK OF THE YEAR 2024Includes all the key individuals that inspired the final season of Netflix''s Vikings: Valhalla and the brand-new BBC drama King and Conqueror. Bloody battles, political intrigues and dynastic marriages all played a part in shaping a nascent England. Battle for the Island Kingdom is a rich history of the violent six decades when Vikings, Anglo-Saxons and ultimately Normans vied for the English crown before the seismic Battle of Hastings determined the fate of England for centuries. Discover the defining personalities of the age, from the English king Aethelred and his nemesis Viking Svein Forkbeard to Cnut who forged an empire across England and Scandinavia only for his Norman queen Emma and Saxon consort Aelfifu to pit his sons against each other. We discover how the power-hungry Earl Godwin plays all sides until his own son Harold eventually seizes the crown and why Harold''s brother Tostig chose to betray both him and his people for the Norman William the Bastard, who would become William the Conqueror. This is a gripping tale of divided loyalties, treason and military might by master storyteller Don Hollway, author of the critically acclaimed The Last Viking.
Upon A White Horse
The prehistoric sites of Britain and Ireland are places of wonder and wondering. Who made these structures? What did they mean to them? And what do they mean to us now?Bestselling author Peter Ross journeys from midwinter at Stonehenge to midsummer at Sycamore Gap. Along the way he encounters bog bodies in Dublin, a wooden goddess in Edinburgh and a chalk giant in Dorset. He asks what it is like to live within the great stone circle at Avebury, what rituals occurred in an Anglesey tomb and what draws volunteers to care for the Uffington White Horse.These objects and structures speak of the long human story. They offer the comfort of recognition and the pleasure of mystery. There is something about ancient places that fills a hollow in our souls.Upon A White Horse is a celebration of landscape and people - and all that is beautiful, strange and old.PRAISE FOR STEEPLE CHASING:''A delicious treat'' - Financial Times''A charming odyssey'' - The Times''Lovely, lyrical, whimsical, elegiac'' - TLS''Engaging'' - New Statesman''A wonderful book'' - Daily Telegraph
Essor Monumental et Dynamiques des Populations : la cite Maya de Naachtun (Guatemala) au Classique Ancien (150-550 apr. J.-C.)
La cité Maya de Naachtun, au Guatemala, fut, a la période Classique (150-950 apr. J.-C.), une capitale politique et économique de premier ordre, dotée d’une architecture monumentale et publique majestueuse et siege d’une puissante dynastie. C’est au cours du Classique ancien (150-550 apr. J.-C.) que cette monumentalité a trouvé son apogée, avec la construction de la majorité des pyramides les plus volumineuses du site, de nombreuses plates-formes, de chaussées, d’un terrain de jeu de balle, de temples. Pourtant, on sait que dans les Basses Terres centrales Mayas, c’est au Classique récent (550-830 apr. J.-C.) que la population était, de loin, la plus nombreuse. Un paradoxe semble donc se dessiner : l’investissement massif dans l’architecture monumentale fut consenti par une population relativement bien plus réduite que ce qu’elle deviendrait au cours des siecles suivants. Quelles furent les implications de ces programmes architecturaux en termes de mobilisation de la main-d’ouvre au sein de la population ? Comment l’investissement dans l’architecture s’articule-t-il avec la démographie urbaine ? La présence d’une population nombreuse est-elle une condition, un facteur, ou une conséquence de la construction monumentale ? Pour répondre a ces questions, cet ouvrage s’attache a deux défis méthodologiques majeurs : celui de l’estimation de la population du site, pour une période dont les vestiges résidentiels sont majoritairement invisibles et inaccessibles, et celui de la quantification (en jours-personnes de travail) du cout énergétique d’une centaine d’épisodes de construction monumentale. En croisant ces données, il apparaît que les premiers tres grands chantiers correspondant a la « création d’un lieu » ont demandé la mobilisation d’une main-d’ouvre assez largement supérieure a la population demeurant sur place au cours du premier siecle de la cité. C’est donc probablement la monumentalité de la capitale nouvellement créée, avec ce que cela implique d’interactions et d’opportunités sociales et économiques, qui a attiré et surtout fixé la population autour de la cité au cours du Classique ancien. Une fois cette étape de fondation monumentale passée, la population sur place était amplement suffisante pour poursuivre les projets architecturaux.
Queen Elizabeth II
The life of Queen Elizabeth II, Britain''s extraordinary and longest-lived monarchThe reign of Queen Elizabeth II was exceptional for many reasons: among them her remarkable longevity, her enduring marriage to Prince Philip, her astonishing success in concealing her opinions on virtually any contentious subject, and the many representations of her in many media, which meant she was the most depicted human being ever to have lived in the entire history of the world. Elizabeth II was a global superstar who met almost any person who mattered, she was Head of the Commonwealth, head of state of such realms as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, and queen of the United Kingdom. She embodied dutifulness and service and continuity in a rapidly changing world. During the course of her reign, the United Kingdom ceased to be a great power in the world, and evolved into a multi-cultural, multi-faith, multi-ethnic society, and the country in which she died was very different from that in which she had been born. This book offers a concise but authoritative account of her life and reign, set against the background of these extensive and disruptive domestic and international changes.
Pridajte sa k nám na ceste časom s našou komplexnou kolekciou encyklopédií zaoberajúcich sa históriou. Táto kategória obsahuje všetko od praveku až po súčasnosť. Študujte historické udalosti, významné osobnosti, dôležité civilizácie a momenty, ktoré formovali svet, v ktorom žijeme dnes. Ideálne pre študentov, učiteľov, ako aj pre všeobecných historických nadšencov, naše encyklopédie sú zdrojom nevyčerpaných informácií a zábavného poznávania.
Mnohé encyklopédie sú bohato ilustrované, čo umožňuje čitateľom lepšie vizualizovať a porozumieť historickým udalostiam a obdobiam.
