Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné strana 140 z 183
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'I Was Transformed' Frederick Douglass
In the summer of 1845, Frederick Douglass, the young runaway slave catapulted to fame by his incendiary autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, arrived in Liverpool for the start of a near-two-year tour of Britain and Ireland he always called one of the most transformative periods of his life. Laurence Fenton draws on a wide array of sources from both sides of the Atlantic and combines a unique insight into the early years of one of the great figures of the nineteenth-century world with rich profiles of the enormous personalities at the heart of the transatlantic anti-slavery movement. This vivid portrait of life in Victorian Britain is the first to fully explore the ‘liberating sojourn’ that ended with Douglass gaining his freedom – paid for by British supporters – before returning to America as a celebrity and icon of international standing. It also follows his later life, through the American Civil War and afterwards.Douglass has been described as ‘the most influential African American of the nineteenth century’. He spoke and wrote on behalf of a variety of reform causes: women’s rights, temperance, peace, land reform, free public education and the abolition of capital punishment. But he devoted most of his time, immense talent and boundless energy to ending slavery. On 14 April 1876, Douglass would deliver the keynote speech at the unveiling of the Emancipation Memorial in Washington’s Lincoln Park.
Norwich: A Potted History
During the Iron Age, much of East Anglia was under the control of the Iceni tribe, whose queen Boudicca is believed to have been born close to present-day Norwich. The roots of the fledgling settlement, then known as Northwic, were laid down in the sixth century and city status was granted by Richard I in 1194. Following the Norman Conquest, Norwich Castle and Cathedral were constructed and a monastery existed alongside the cathedral until the Dissolution. For several centuries Norwich was one of the largest cities in England, becoming an important centre of trade and industry. Key industries included weaving, brewing, shoe making, milling, printing, chocolate making, mustard production and the manufacture of Christmas crackers. The city also gave its name to the insurance giant Norwich Union and was a major banking centre. Norwich suffered many air raids during the Second World War and countless buildings were destroyed, but today it is acknowledged as a centre of the written and performing arts and is a growing tourist destination, with one of the largest outdoor covered markets in Europe.Illustrated throughout, this accessible historical portrait of the transformation that Norwich has undergone through the ages will be of great interest to residents, visitors and all those with links to the city.
A Sense of Place and Belonging
A Sense of Place and Belonging examines a marginalized society, Chiang Tung (Keng Tung) in the Eastern Shan State of Myanmar, between the dominant cultures of the Burmese, Chinese, and Siamese/Thai. Chiang Tung sits at the historic borderland known as the Golden Triangle, an area marked by drug trade, human trafficking, and civil war. Hiding a glorious literary and visual cultural tradition from the fourteenth century, Chiang Tung is remarkable for how well it has maintained its Buddhist culture in the turbulent history of war and forced resettlement that formed northern Southeast Asia. Klemens Karlsson examines the connection between the Buddhist traditions, the ancient cult of territory spirits—a cult of the earth, place, and village that forms a kind of religious map—and the monsoon culture of wet rice irrigation. Tying together myths and memories told by local people and written in local chronicles with the unique performance of the Songkran festival, which dramatizes a symbolic agreement between Tai Khuen people and the indigenous Lua/Lawa people, A Sense of Place and Belonging presents a historical, political, religious, and cultural context connecting the present with the past, the local with the global, and tradition with change and transformation.
Backyard Revolution
Backyard Revolution contributes in-depth sociocultural histories of the popular antisemitic pogroms that shook Hungary in the spring and summer of 1946. Expanding the scope of investigation of serial mass violence toward Jewish communities beyond the cases in Poland suggests that antisemitic violence was general in postwar Central and Eastern Europe and that it spoke to central components of popular notions of society and politics. Péter Apor gives new impetus to rethink the explanations of collective violence, including antisemitic ones. He considers collective violence as a particular form of political participation and examines post-Holocaust antisemitic violence as one of its perverse ways. Drawing on previously unknown archival sources, Backyard Revolution explores how collective violence produced categories and divisions in society and how these in turn attempted to shape the institutions of the state. It further addresses the political participation of powerless groups and highlights components of everyday life and resistance that engendered power structures and hierarchies. These important theoretical premises concerning the subaltern politics provide a new template for understanding the emergence of communist dictatorships in Central and Eastern Europe. Setting the genesis of communist dictatorships at the crossroads of popular expectations toward the state, anchored to the culture of the everyday, and elites' attempts to mobilize mass support, Backyard Revolution has implications beyond regional borders and adds to the understanding of growing populist governance worldwide.
The U.S. Army, 1783–1811
From the closing days of the Revolutionary War in 1783 to the beginning of the War of 1812, the United States Army faced one of its most challenging periods. During this era, American soldiers confronted threats from Great Britain, France, and Spain. On the western frontier, hostile warriors from American Indian nations battled U.S. Army and militia troops north of the Ohio River, as white settlers? insatiable demands for land provoked conflict with Indian communities. The Army suppressed civil unrest, built roads, and conducted explorations, including the transcontinental expedition led by Army officers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. The post-revolutionary years also saw the Army in a process of frequent reorganization, from the disbanding of the Continental Army at the end of the Revolutionary War to the establishment of Maj. Gen. Anthony Wayne?s Legion of the United States, followed by President Thomas Jefferson?s efforts at reforming the Army into a Republican institution. These structural changes increased during James Madison?s first presidential term, as Americans prepared for war with Great Britain over maritime rights, free trade, and territorial expansion in a conflict that became known as the War of 1812.Illustrated with photographs, artwork and maps, this explains how the United States? Army was transformed in its first four decades.
American Horizons
American Horizons presents an opportunity to view the nation''s history as more than a mere sequence of events for students to memorize. Although adhering to a familiar chronological organization, its narrative style and structure provide the flexibility of shifting emphasis from time to time to the global aspects of American history. Although the story of the United States is always at the center, that story is told through the movement of people, goods, and ideas into, within, or out of the United States. This unique approach provides a fully integrated global perspective that seamlessly contextualizes American events within the wider world.
The Power of Systems
In The Power of Systems, Egle Rindzeviciute introduces readers to one of the best-kept secrets of the Cold War: the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), an international think tank established by the US and USSR to advance scientific collaboration. From 1972 until the late 1980s, IIASA was one of the very few permanent platforms where policy scientists from both sides of the Cold War could work together to articulate and solve world problems: a rare zone of freedom, communication, and negotiation. East-West scientists coproduced computer simulations of the long-term world future, using global modeling to explore the possible effects of climate change and nuclear winter. Their concern with global issues also became a vehicle for transformation inside the Soviet Union. The Power of Systems explores how computer modeling, cybernetics, and the systems approach challenged Soviet governance by undermining the linear notions of control on which Soviet governance was based and creating new objects and techniques of government.
Noble Undertaking
In 1778, the prospects for the new United States seem promising even as the War for Independence continues. The diplomatic team that the Continental Congress dispatched to France has secured an alliance. The British, now facing two enemies, give ground. Having recently chased the Congress out of Philadelphia, the British abandon the city, allowing Congress to return.But British troops still occupy New York City and other parts of the new nation. The challenges of driving them out and securing an honorable peace remain. Meanwhile, old and new crises complicate the work of Congress and threaten to fracture the union. Congress’s novice diplomats in Europe plead for arms, money, and more from France while scouring Europe for other allies, while leaders in Vermont, defying claims to the would-be state from New York, test Congress’s patience. The breathtaking betrayal of Benedict Arnold tests delegates’ faith in their own military men.The Continental currency, which served well in financing the war early on, collapses. The Articles of Confederation, the nation’s first constitution, proves unsuitable from the moment it is ratified. Delegates and the states they represent dispute about how lands to the west will be settled and governed. Congress for the third time must flee Philadelphia, but this time not because of the British. This time they slink out of town in fear of their own troops, who are angry and bitter about lack of promised pay.Congress sets up shop in a college building in Princeton, New Jersey, and then moves on to Annapolis, where in the Maryland state capital, delegates ratify the longed-for peace treaty with Great Britain.
Into the Inferno
The temperature was 40 degrees below zero when fighter planes screamed out of the clouds, puncturing the fuselage with a spray of machinegun fire and sending the bomber beside them into a death spin. This was followed by intense flak, as a hundred cannons on the ground tried to blow them out of the sky.When they finally made it back to the base, another enemy awaited them: homesickness, crushing boredom, relentless cold, and more mud than they could imagine.Bert Ibelle was a 19-year-old freshman at Dartmouth College when he enlisted in the Army Air Corps to fly dozens of bomber missions over Nazi-occupied Europe and win the Purple Heart. His buddy, Fran Brighenti, served as an infantry marksman on the opposite side of the globe, slogging through the steaming jungles of the Philippine and the fiery hell of Okinawa.Their wars couldn’t have been more different, nor could their approach to life. While the ever-exuberant Fran was a ladies man, Bert only had eyes for “Red,” the girl back home who was in love with another young man.This is their story—one that combines terror, humor, friendship, and a son’s search for his elusive father.
Postal Intelligence
Postal Intelligence connects and situates histories of the post and government intelligence alongside print technology and state power in the wider context of the early modern communications revolution. In the sixteenth century, postal services became central to domestic governance and foreign policy enterprises, extended government reach and surveillance, and offered new control over the public sphere. Rachel Midura focuses on the Tassis family, members of which served as official postmasters to the dukes of Milan, the pope, Spanish kings, and Holy Roman emperors. Using administrative records and family correspondence, she follows the Tassis family, their agents, and their rivals as their influence expanded from northern Italy across Europe. Postal Intelligence shows how postmasters and postmistresses were key players in early modern diplomacy, commerce, and journalism, whose ultimate success depended on both administrative ingenuity and strategic ambiguity.
London's Theatrical Heritage
London theatres have hosted thousands of performances of plays and musicals, from ancient Greek tragedies to modern artistic dance. In this book author David C. Ramzan takes a look at the history of theatres located throughout the city. London’s first flourishing of its theatres took place during the Elizabethan and Jacobean period, when Shakespeare, Marlowe, Johnson and a host of other playwrights entertained audiences with a never-ending cavalcade of players and touring companies. Little is left of those days, apart from the reconstructed Globe Theatre on the South Bank, after many of the Tudor and Jacobean playhouses had been pulled down or had fallen into ruin under parliamentary rule after the English Civil War. London’s theatreland truly evolved during the early eighteenth century into today’s live entertainment industry, many performances taking place from a variety of historical buildings.London’s Theatrical Heritage takes a nostalgic look back at the capital’s theatreland and present-day locations, from the smallest of intimate venues to the largest of the West End’s playhouses. The story of theatre in London will delight and enthral anyone interested in the stage, plays and players, and the theatres where they perform. This book is accompanied by contemporary photographs, archive images, illustrations and theatre ephemera.
Piers of England and Wales
The seaside piers of England and Wales were built in an age when the population started to flock to the coast for entertainment and holidays. These iconic structures stretching into the sea first became popular in the Victorian era, and as the crowds flocked to them, they offered a world of fun and pleasure as well as the opportunity to promenade out into the sea and wind, above the waves. Alongside the ubiquitous café, the entertainment varied from bandstands and swimming pools to casinos and music halls. Although sadly only about half of the original piers remain today, they still offer an escape from everyday life, whether amusement arcades or theatres, train rides or fairgrounds, from Llandudno to Cromer, Saltburn to Ryde.In Piers of England and Wales, photographer Steve Edmunds presents an alternative view of these fascinating structures. Featuring every surviving pier around the coast, this book will appeal to all those who love the coast and this unique part of British culture.
The Green Man
The ‘green man’, or foliate head, can be found in almost every pre-Reformation cathedral and in many churches. It often decorates arches, corbels, roof bosses, choir stalls and chancel screens. The foliate head was depicted in a variety of ways, some beautiful and some grotesque, and imbued with much religious symbolism. In this book, Imogen Corrigan takes the reader on a journey of discovery, revealing the different types of foliate head and their contexts. Their origins in folklore and Christian tradition are explored, taking in pagan beliefs and fertility rites, often accompanied by dragons and other monsters.Featuring a range of illustrations showing different styles of foliate head in a wide variety of cathedrals and churches, this book is an essential companion for those who visit sacred places, whether for spiritual, architectural or historical reasons.
Henry VIII and his Rabbis
Why did it take Henry VIII six years of conflict (1527–1533) to end his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boley? enry VIII and His Rabbis tells the vivid story of this tumultuous period in Tudor history, including the first full examination of the king’s bizarre reliance upon rabbinic interpretations of Jewish law for his final campaign to convince the pope to grant a Catholic annulment.With critical analysis of original documents, contemporary accounts, and historical commentaries, Jerry Rabow makes this engaging history fully accessible for modern readers. The book also furnishes updated online website resources to access copies of relevant historical books and documents.Tudor and Jewish history fans alike will delight in this fascinating intersection of Europe’s Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant worlds of five hundred years ago – a historic moment whose consequences still echo today.
Halls for All
Rural life in England has changed for the better over the past century, thanks in no small part to the 10,000 village and community halls that provide a home for fitness classes, WIs, amateur dramatics, dances, toddler groups, parish councils, polling stations and many other locally based activities. Managed by volunteers, the buildings represent a combination of historic legacy and modern design worth some L12 billion. Here Louise Beaton and David Clark tell the story of how rural communities garnered the confidence and skill to build and run their own halls, how they raised the money and briefed architects and builders, their wartime service, the century of support and advice from charities now forming the ACRE (Action with Communities in Rural England) network of county Rural Community Councils, and of the challenges halls have faced and overcome – from funding to licensing, VAT to the Covid-19 pandemic, and rising energy costs.Carefully researched and featuring a wealth of fascinating images, this book celebrates village halls across the whole of the United Kingdom and the vital role they play in community life.
The Battle of Lens 1648
The Battle of Lens marked the climax of a decade of war between France and Spain; the two contenders were exhausted, having fought in Spain, France, Flanders, Italy and Germany. The conflict would be settled in a pitched battle near the city of Lens, Flanders, in the summer of 1648.The Spanish had neutralised the Dutch for the campaign of 1648, so they prepared to launch a major offensive against the French, who had occupied important cities in Flanders for years. Thus, the new governor, Archduke Leopold William, brother of Emperor Ferdinand III of Habsburg, took charge of an army of almost 20,000 troops.The French were commanded by the Prince of Condé, who knew how to instil a spirit of resistance in his troops.The two armies carried out marches and countermarches to outwit their opponent and seize cities: Condé conquered Ypres, but the Archduke took Lens. Condé tried to rescue the city, but arrived too late. However, the campaign was not lost for France; the brilliant Condé decided to deploy his army on the plain to decide the campaign, its own prestige, and the fate of the war.
The Airborne Mafia
The Airborne Mafia explores how a small group of World War II airborne officers took control of the US Army after World War II. This powerful cadre cemented a unique airborne culture that had an unprecedented impact on the Cold War US Army and beyond. Robert F. Williams reveals the trials and tribulations this group of officers faced in order to bring about their vision. He spotlights the relationship between organizational culture, operational behavior, and institutional change in the United States Army during the Cold War, showing that as airborne officers ascended to the highest ranks of the army they transmitted their culture throughout their service in four major ways—civil-military relations, preparation for potential atomic combat, helicopter airmobility, and strategic response forces. Experiences of training and commanding airborne divisions in World War II led these men to hold sway in army doctrine by the mid-1950s. Dominating institutional thought and imparting their values, beliefs, and norms throughout the service they enjoyed a special privilege within the group culture. Williams demonstrates this impact, privilege, and power by focusing on the paratrooper triumvirate of Matthew Ridgway, Maxwell Taylor, and James Gavin and the lasting impression they made on how the US Army fought. The Airborne Mafia illuminates the power subcultures can have in changing their parent cultures over time, particularly one as set in its ways and as large as the US Army. With a deft touch, deep research, and an unwavering eye for the human stories behind organizational change, Williams helps explain the existence and importance of the paratrooper mystique that remains within the military still today.
American Horizons
American Horizons presents an opportunity to view the nation''s history as more than a mere sequence of events for students to memorize. Although adhering to a familiar chronological organization, its narrative style and structure provide the flexibility of shifting emphasis from time to time to the global aspects of American history. Although the story of the United States is always at the center, that story is told through the movement of people, goods, and ideas into, within, or out of the United States. This unique approach provides a fully integrated global perspective that seamlessly contextualizes American events within the wider world.
Isle of Wight's Military Heritage
The Isle of Wight has been a popular holiday destination since the Victorian times, with the island known for its mild climate, beautiful scenery and historic connections. It also sits right at the entrance to the important Southampton and Portsmouth docks and because of this, there are a number of impressive castles and fortifications located on the island, including Carisbrooke Castle. Throughout history, the importance of the Isle of Wight has been recognised by invaders, and the island was attacked by the Vikings, the Normans, the French and most recently the Germans during the Second World War. Cowes was the home of Saunders-Roe, the military aircraft and vehicle manufacturer and in the Cold War, the Needles Battery was the testing site for Britain’s Blue Streak nuclear deterrent missile.This book will be of interest to all those who would like to know more about the Isle of Wight’s remarkable military history.
V kategórii populárno - náučné encyklopédie nájdete široký výber kníh, ktoré vám poskytnú poznatky z rôznych oblastí zaujímavým a zrozumiteľným spôsobom. Encyklopédie vám pomôžu získať komplexný prehľad o rôznych témach, ako ľudské telo a človek, príroda, vesmír, veda a technika a história.
Naša ponuka encyklopédií populárno-náučného charakteru vám umožní objaviť fascinujúci svet poznania a rozšíriť svoje vedomosti o rôznych témach.
