Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné strana 25 z 175
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Offshore Oildom
Offshore Oildom tells the riveting story of the United States' quest to secure the oil riches of the sea. Drawing on a wealth of untapped sources, Tyler Priest reveals how the offshore oil industry emerged from an ambitious project to incorporate the ocean's submerged lands into the territory of the United States. These lands were frontier spaces, beyond traditional jurisdiction and control. Efforts to commandeer them for oil and gas extraction thus required new institutions of governance. From the titanic struggle over the tidelands starting in the 1930s to Project Independence in the 1970s, the process of establishing an offshore dominion of oil provoked intractable conflicts over money, values, and power. It pitted coastal states against their land-locked counterparts and captains of industry against federal civil servants and coastal communities. It stoked partisan and internecine warfare. It set off an international race to annex offshore territory, complicating U.S. foreign-policy objectives. It weighed on the minds of Supreme Court justices and troubled every occupant of the White House from Franklin Roosevelt forward. The modern environmental movement was born in opposition to offshore oil just as the 1970s energy crisis compelled the acceleration of drilling in the ocean. Creating and governing an offshore oildom involved nothing less than redrawing the territorial borders of the nation, rebuilding the political foundations of the U.S. energy system, and testing the environmental limits of resource extraction. This history is essential to understanding the tension between energy security and environmental protection in modern America.
The Roman World War
How the ruthless contest among Julius Caesar’s heirs ignited a global war that raged far beyond the borders of RomeThe succession of civil wars that plagued the last years of the Roman Republic has often been portrayed as a settling of scores between Roman factions—Sulla against Marius, Caesar against Pompey, Octavian against Mark Antony—with foreign campaigns serving as a backdrop to the tragic spectacle. The Roman World War recasts the struggle for Rome as a global conflict that engulfed millions of non-Romans across Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. Shedding new light on the pivotal years spanning Caesar’s assassination in 44 BCE and the suicides of Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 30 BCE, Giusto Traina introduces readers to lesser-known figures such as the Cilician dynast Tarcondimotus, the king of the Moors Bogud, and the Armenian king Artawazd, men who influenced Rome’s politics and who played consequential roles in battles waged far beyond the borders of the Imperium Romanum. Traina demonstrates how the violence unleashed by Caesar’s death was a direct consequence of his expansionist plans. From Spain to Mesopotamia, peoples such as Berbers, Hispanics, Gauls, Greeks, Thracians, and Armenians were drawn into a global war in which the fate of Rome was tied to their own. A global, “connected” history that transforms our understanding of the Republic’s final years, The Roman World War demonstrates how foreign nations and peoples were not merely pawns in the Roman civil wars but active protagonists in a great power struggle that shook the ancient world for fourteen intense years.
Women and Resistance in the "Annals" of Tacitus
Women and Resistance in the Annals of Tacitus explores how Tacitus often represents a Roman woman's relationship to the imperial household and its members as one of resistance. Throughout his Annals, women discover ways to resist without relying on traditional forms of power. Women engage in political protests, legal disputes, public processions, and subversive religious rituals. They demonstrate resistance in acts of mourning and commemoration and overturn gender stereotypes by enduring pain and displaying courage in death. Tacitus illustrates how women's public movements, rituals, suicides, and survivals become sites of resistance and opportunities for civic engagement open to women. Caitlin C. Gillespie situates nonimperial Roman women at the fore, reading them in comparison with Tacitus's narratives of imperial women and hierarchies of power. With this new analytical approach, stereotypes against women are variously confirmed or denied, challenged or evoked as evidence, or employed as a means of attack or defense. Women emerge to claim agency over their bodies, reputations, and actions, and though a vulnerable population, refuse to be passive victims of their circumstances.
The Fight for a Supranational World
In the 1848-1867 period, the Habsburg Adriatic was contended by incipient nationalisms, particularly the Italian, German, and South Slavic. The Fight for a Supranational World focuses on Trieste, Fiume/Rijeka, and Dalmatia, where opposing nationalisms found themselves at grips with centuries-long traditions of municipal autonomy, dynastic loyalty, regional patriotism, and ethnic hybridity—all qualities enshrined within Habsburg supranationalism. There were attempts by nationalist activists to exploit ethnic and linguistic elements to form or join national states, but these largely failed until much later in the century. Contrary to the current consensus within nationalism scholarship, which is steeped in the notion of "liberal nationalism," The Fight for a Supranational World argues that in 1848 and the following years, nationalism was illiberal due to its exclusionary or assimilatory tendencies in its quest for cultural and linguistic homogeneity. This work also shows how Habsburg supranationalism, neglected within nationalism studies and political science more broadly, needs to be the bedrock for more accurate theorizations of nationalism that would prove the relevance of Elie Kedourie's and Eugen Weber's works, among others, despite Ernest Gellner's and Benedict Anderson's enduring popularity.
Here Where We Live Is Our Country
A vivid, human and radical history of one of the most powerful revolutionary movements of the twentieth century - told through the lives and in the voices of countless forgotten men and women**THE INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER**‘Lush, high-tempo, strikingly poignant ... The relevance for our present moment is impossible to ignore’ Guardian‘Thrillingly energetic, delightful, vivid’ New York Times Book Review‘Reading it feels revolutionary’ Naomi KleinHere Where Live Is Our Country is the story of a revolutionary movement – the Jewish Bund – which played a part in nearly every major conflict in Eastern Europe from 1900-1945, but still remains an almost unknown part of twentieth-century history. The movement’s central philosophy of “herenes” – the belief that Jews had a right to freedom and dignity in the countries where they lived – led them to fight the Tsar, reject Zionism, resist the Nazis, and ultimately help lead the Warsaw ghetto revolt. It is also a philosophy that immediately resonates with the political situation all over the world today. In this book, Molly Crabapple tells the story of the Bund through the lives of the bold and brilliant individuals who were pivotal to carrying out the doctrine, including her own great-grandfather, through whom she first discovered the movement. ‘Crabapple, with this great work, adds to her growing legacy as a unique American genius’ Jason Stanley‘Recounts, with a novelist’s mastery of detail, one of the most extraordinary rebellions of the human spirit in modern history’ Pankaj Mishra‘A masterful storyteller who possesses an admirable sense of history and writes with verve and wit … Here Where We Live Is Our Country is a true tour de force’ Jon Lee Anderson
Lost London
An engaging, beautifully illustrated history of London told through twenty-five lost buildingsLondon has been rebuilt and reshaped perhaps more than any other city over its two-millennia history. From the construction of the Underground to slum clearance and the Blitz, buildings have long been damaged or demolished to pave way for the new. Today, demolition is big business, and around 3500 buildings are destroyed each year, most of which are social housing. Paul Knox traces the history of London from the Great Fire to the present day through twenty-five lost buildings. Knox explores surprising and unusual locations in the city’s history, like the Necropolis Station in Waterloo used by funeral parties traveling to a burial ground in Surrey. We see historic landmarks, like Christ Church Greyfriars and the Crystal Palace, as well as everyday places like the White Horse pub in Poplar and a housing estate in Hackney. This is a fascinating study of London’s restless landscape, showing how conservation has changed over 400 years.
More Than Flower Power
Diane J. Purvis's memoir offers a unique view from the Los Angeles County suburbs as she was coming of age during the era of civil rights activism, the women's movement, and Vietnam anti-war movement. More than Flower Power recalls the youthful energy that surged in the 1960s as political and cultural tensions rose to the surface. Her parents, Midwest transplants to California, sought the postwar American dream and went from pinching pennies to living in upper middle-class suburbs, which were imbued with rigid social and political codes. Purvis rejected this conservative bias while attending racially integrated schools and witnessing the dichotomy between suburban and inner-city students, motivating her to embrace social justice. Purvis and her peers were influenced by images of the Vietnam War and political protests they saw on television and the music they heard on their transistor radios, two emerging technologies that shaped popular perceptions during this tumultuous decade. Purvis was possessed by the desire to make a difference even though inroads to social and political equality looked impossible in the face of America's cultural consensus and conformism of the era. Through the lens of one person's experience, More than Flower Power offers an intimate portrait of a West Coast generation's optimism, idealism, and transformative influence on American culture and society.
Civil War Camps and Soldier Health
An immersive analysis of camp life and soldiers’ well-being during the Civil WarThe Civil War was a watershed in public awareness of the many health-related issues soldiers faced while living in camps. Sanitarians among civilians and regular army officers attempted to meet those challenges by addressing a range of topics associated with preventive healthcare in the volunteer army. The US Sanitary Commission, a nongovernmental agency sanctioned by the Federal government, created a massive campaign to study conditions in semipermanent camps and advise unit commanders how to avoid unnecessary illness and curb soldier deaths by disease. Commission inspectors, mostly civilian physicians, examined camps from 1861 to early 1864 and filed more than 1,400 reports of their findings. Earl J. Hess delves deeply into 280 of those reports, shedding new and startling light on camp conditions. Addressing camp situation, shelter, clothing, personal cleanliness, garbage disposal, latrines, food, cooking, water, alcohol, morale, recruit examination, smallpox vaccination, regimental hospitals, and officer supervision, the camp inspection returns are unique snapshots of what it was like to live in a Union army camp. The reports reveal that sanitation varied widely from unit to unit and across time periods. Volunteer regimental officers and surgeons were often unable to take sanitary principles seriously, and disposing of garbage and human waste was often nonexistent. Overall, the volunteer regiments did well enough to get by, but they did not achieve high marks for military effectiveness when it came to preventive healthcare. Civil War Camps and Soldier Health is a thought-provoking, impeccably researched volume that enriches our understanding of the sanitation challenges facing the Union army camps as well as how these challenges were recorded and examined by early researchers.
The Great Repair
The Great Repair explores how Jews and Germans began reparations discussions fewer than seven years after the Holocaust – a momentous achievement relegated to the margins of Holocaust scholarship and memory – and the complexities that emerged from the resulting settlement. Gideon Reuveni illuminates the swift transition and extraordinary chapter in postwar history from the horrors of the Holocaust to a negotiating table where Germans and Jews discussed reparations. Both sides faced the monumental challenge of addressing the injustices of National Socialism through complex deliberations on compensation for collective and individual losses, restitution of property, support for survivors, and formal acknowledgment of Nazi crimes. These negotiations marked a crucial step toward acknowledging historical responsibility and pursuing meaningful redress. The Great Repair reveals the events, actors, and decisions that led to the signing of the agreement on September 10, 1952, by West Germany, Israel, and the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany. Ultimately, the enactment of this settlement set a global precedent that genocide cannot go unpunished and moral debts must be paid. It was a historic undertaking of immense scope – unmatched in the history of international relations, just as the extermination of the Jewish people was unprecedented in human history.
Soldiers, Angels, and Avengers
Soldiers, Angels, and Avengers tells the compelling story of the Jewish Brigade Infantry Group (JBG), a five-thousand-strong military unit, recruited primarily from the Jewish population of Palestine, and the only exclusively Jewish military unit to fight under the British flag during the Second World War. Gianluca Fantoni reconstructs the military and human experience of the brigade in Italy and investigates its enduring and controversial place in memory and public debate. Formed in 1944, the JBG saw combat in the final stages of the Italian campaign, where its soldiers fought with distinction against German forces. After the war, many of its members – who often had little or no military training, and included artists, scientists, and farmers – engaged in clandestine efforts to smuggle Holocaust survivors and weapons into Palestine, laying the groundwork for the future Israeli state. Others sought retribution against Nazis and collaborators in acts that revealed both the trauma of genocide and the desire for justice. Far more than a conventional military history, Soldiers, Angels, and Avengers is both a critical study of the political uses of history and a vivid, passionate narrative that brings to life the men and women of the brigade. Accessible and engaging, this book offers readers a rare lens through which to understand the intersections of war, memory, and politics in twentieth-century Europe.
George Washington's One-Man Army
From Brandywine to Yorktown, follow the astonishing real-life journey of the Revolutionary War’s most mythic warrior. “One-Man Army” was George Washington’s nom de guerre for Peter Francisco. Abducted from the Azores and deposited in the colony of Virginia at the age of four, little Pedro Francisco was an orphan from a strange land in the New World. Renamed Peter Francisco, the youngster found a home under indenture to Patrick Henry’s uncle as a blacksmith. Peter was present for Henry’s famous speech, hearing firsthand the words “Give me Liberty or Give me Death.” By the age of fourteen, he would grow to 6 feet-6 inches and 260 pounds. He would fashion himself an apex warrior serving both in the patriot infantry and cavalry. In his capacity as a soldier, Peter Francisco participated in some of the fiercest fighting, witnessed the greatest events, and met an astounding number of luminaries from early America headlined by generals George Washington, Nathanael Greene, and the Marquis de Lafayette. All told, Peter fought in at least ten battles and received six gruesome wounds as he dispatched over 20 enemy soldiers . . . mostly by the bayonet and a 6-foot broadsword commissioned for him by Washington. His feats of courage and strength were legendary as he is reputed to have carried a half-ton cannon from the battlefield at Camden. Postwar, he became a planter and businessman. Endeavoring to educate himself, he overcame illiteracy and developed into a voracious reader. As a veteran, the ”Virginia Giant” was sought out for meetings by the Secretary of State and was received in the home of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He was thrice married into Virginia society, a father of six, and a fixture in the Commonwealth serving as Sergeant at Arms for the legislature late in life. Known to all throughout the newly independent thirteen states, Peter Francisco’s exploits were all but lost to history . . . until now.
Inner Zone
Unearths a buried history of retributive violence that unfolded inside besieged SarajevoIn asymmetrical conflicts, how should we acknowledge suffering on the side of the perpetrators of violence? How can we do so without losing sight of the harm they inflicted, and without relativizing the suffering of their victims? Inner Zone introduces a new approach to telling contentious histories of war and explores the political implications of refusing to extend recognition to those who suffer on the "wrong" side of a conflict. Bosnian Serb forces held the city of Sarajevo under siege from 1992 until 1995. Inner Zone revisits this emblematic conflict from the perspective of Bosnian Serb women who remained in the city during the siege years. As Serb civilians came to be associated with the ethno-national aggressor, these women became targets of collective punishment and retribution. The war crimes committed against them have been written out of most academic and journalistic accounts of the war, and in Sarajevo, they have become a public secret. Pluralizing the monolithic story of the siege into zones of violence, Jelena Golubovic locates an inner zone of retribution within the larger outer zone of besiegement, telling a nested history that reconfigures how we think about victimhood and complicity across both sides of a conflict. As Bosnian Serb women tell their previously untold stories through ethnographic interviews, Golubovic remains attentive to the anxious sense of exclusion that haunts them in the postwar city. While their victimization is erased from the dominant narrative of the war in Sarajevo, the Bosnian Serb ethno-nationalist elite emphasize it to claim exclusive victimhood. Inner Zone takes on the challenge of disentangling lived experiences of violence from the grip of ethno-nationalist misappropriation, arguing that a sense of misrecognition and unacknowledged injury can ultimately lead victims of the inner zone of violence to adopt ethno-nationalist narratives and goals.
Empire and Nation in the City
To curb the influence of minority populations and "outside enemies," the Ottoman government implemented new and experimental Tanzimat reforms within the empire’s center and provincial regions. By the 1860s, the city of Rusçuk in present-day Bulgaria and capital of the Ottoman Danube province became a test case for this expansive reform movement within an urbanizing and contested peripheral landscape. In Empire and Nation in the City, Mehmet Çelik traces how the Danube province and Rusçuk, in particular, experienced a series of swift political transitions from a "modernized" Ottoman administration, to a Russian provisional government, and finally to a Bulgarian nation-state. Çelik examines the transformative effects of each political system, arguing that Bulgarian nationalism was not a uniform ideology, but a flexible and mutable one that engaged multiple loyalties—Bulgarian and Ottoman among them. To understand these competing loyalties, he explores the diverse religious and multiethnic makeup of Rusçuk and the multifaceted responses to imperial control, nationalist sympathies, and political movements. Rather than assess Ottoman rule and Bulgarian nationhood as separate periods, Çelik bridges these moments to understand the continuity of Ottoman reforms within a burgeoning Bulgarian nation.
Cast Metal Signs
A guide to cast-metal signs, an under-researched aspect of Britain’s industrial history. Discover a hidden chapter of Britain’s industrial pastUncover the artistry of unsung metalworkers whose skill informed, guided, and protected millionsExplore the signs you’ve seen but never truly noticedLearn how simple metal signs helped save countless livesA tangible connection to Britain’s industrial heritagePerfect for railway enthusiasts and history lovers
Going Off the Rails
A fascinating guide to early train disasters, illustrated through contemporary postcards and explained expertly by John Hannavy. The track record of Britain’s railways in the early 20th century was not a good one – in 1909, a report titled ‘General Report to the Board of Trade upon the Accidents that have occurred on the Railway of the United Kingdom during the year 1908’, was published, concluding that over 1,000 people had died on the railways during the year, and nearly 8,000 others had been injured. With the Edwardian era marking the heyday of the photographic postcard, many of the accidents which occurred were photographed in often-graphic detail and, in the days before photographs in newspapers became commonplace, postcards disseminated those news pictures rapidly across the world. John Hannavy is a writer, photographer and historian, with a lifelong fascination for both postcards and railway history.
Self-Help From the Middle Ages
'Exhilarating ... funny, informative, even optimistic' FINANCIAL TIMES'Jones is a thoughtful, well-travelled scholar with an eye for a killer image' SUNDAY TIMES'Revelatory ... a moving, eloquent and important book' SPECTATOR'Accessibly erudite and infectiously entertaining' TELEGRAPH'A wonderful, eye-opening book ... Jones is brilliant company and a wonderful teacher' MAIL ON SUNDAY'A lovely book' PETER FRANKOPAN, author of The Silk Roads'One of the most compelling medieval history books I have ever read' IAN MORTIMER, author of The Time Traveller's Guide to the Medieval England'‘Funny and profound ... a great book.' XAND VAN TULLEKEN, doctor, broadcaster and host of What's Up Docs?'Brimming with exceptional insight' HELEN CARR, author of Sceptred Isle‘Beautifully written and brilliantly conceived’ BRUCE HOLSINGER, author of CulpabilityWhat can a twelfth-century monk teach us about burnout, envy, or despair? Far more than we might imagine. In Self-Help from the Middle Ages, historian Peter Jones travels through Europe’s archives and libraries to uncover a lost psychology: a world where confession was therapy, sin was diagnosis, and the Seven Deadly Sins served as a map of the human mind. From the deserts of Egypt to the Vatican Library, from Dante’s Florence to Catherine of Siena’s cell, Jones introduces the thinkers, mystics and rebels who wrestled with the same questions that preoccupy us now: how to live with our flaws, forgive ourselves, and find meaning amid confusion. Medieval lives and landscapes come vividly alive: Siberian winters and Parisian manuscripts, lustful saints and anxious scholars, candlelit abbeys and vaults of forgotten books. Wise, surprising, and deeply humane, Self-Help from the Middle Ages reveals that the remedies we seek for our 21st-century anxieties may have been with us all along—written in brown Gothic ink on lambskin seven hundred years ago.
Dressing the Queen
'A truly wonderful and fascinating book!' Lady Anne GlenconnerThe hidden story of the people who designed, sewed, stitched and steamed the clothes of Britain's queens, from Victoria to the present day. From tours and walkabouts to the dazzling spectacle of a wedding or Coronation, the clothes worn by royal women have always been a fascination. Starting with Queen Victoria and moving to the modern Elizabethan age, DRESSING THE QUEEN shows the incredible craftmanship and painstaking effort that go into the making of what is known as the ‘Royal Wardrobe’, from handmade boots to Crown Jewels; country tweeds to delicate stockings. Dress historian Kate Strasdin reveals a tribe of previously unsung women and men. Some may be more renowned – such as designer Norman Hartnell or suitcase-maker Louis Vuitton – but most are ordinary, highly talented working people from across the British Isles. From rural straw plaiters to wartime coat-makers and refugee glovers, their skilled labour is a vital part of our country’s history. As we see modern princesses sally forth in fantastically arranged ensembles, we can think again of the vanishing trades that once employed millions – and still remain integral to royal life today. ‘A fascinating glimpse into the lives of the makers behind all the glitter of royalty’ Daisy Goodwin'A must for fans of royal and fashion history’ Tracy Borman
De stele en aiguille: Chroniques de la reconstitution d’un habit campaniforme
Réaliser un habit néolithique complet est un défi ambitieux ; cet ouvrage en présente l’aboutissement. Il est issu de mon mémoire de master en archéologie préhistorique a l’Université de Geneve, soutenu en septembre 2025. A l’aide de sources archéologiques centrées sur le Campaniforme périalpin, ainsi que de sources historiques et ethnographiques, j’ai tenté de reproduire au mieux les pratiques textiles du passé, afin d’en proposer une vision plausible. Les motifs géométriques complexes présents sur les steles anthropomorphes du site du Petit-Chasseur (Valais, Suisse), ont servi de base visuelle pour la conception du vetement. Cette étude aborde des sujets tres variés, tels que : la place de l’artisanat textile au sein des sociétés préhistoriques, autant du point de vue des modes de production et de l’investissement de ressources que de la valeur sociale ; la diversité des possibilités techniques liées a la fabrication de textiles, immense et encore peu explorée ; l’importance de l’expérimentation archéologique au sein de la recherche, et son intéret autant scientifique que médiatique. Bien qu’ancré dans des bases scientifiques rigoureuses, ce travail est également tres personnel. Il raconte, étape par étape, le long processus d’apprentissage qui a mené a la production de cet habit, avec son lot d’échecs, d’incertitudes, et – enfin – de réussites.
Stony Jack and the Lost Jewels of Cheapside
A thrilling history of mudlarkers, charlatans, experts and chancers – the underbelly of the Edwardian antiques trade. 'What a story! And how skilfully told! A tale about treasure, as twisty and thrilling as any of the adventures of Indiana Jones.' Lucy WorsleyJune 1912. A pair of workmen deposit a heavy ball of clay in the antiques shop of George Fabian Lawrence, or ‘Stony Jack’ as he's better known. As Lawrence picks through the mud, a speck of gold catches his eye. A pearl earring tumbles into his hand, then another. A Burmese ruby follows; then Colombian emeralds, lapis lazuli from Afghanistan and turquoise from Iran; tankards; watches; topaz; amazonite. Stony Jack has discovered the greatest single cache of Elizabethan treasure. Diving into London’s bustling, sometimes lawless, antiques trade at the turn of the century, Victoria Shepherd provides a compelling portrait of the city at the height of empire. A thrilling ride through Edwardian London, from the marble halls of the British Museum to the East End's maze of tenements and alleyways, Stony Jack and the Lost Jewels of Cheapside oversees the transformation of the city into a modern metropolis.
V kategórii populárno - náučné encyklopédie nájdete široký výber kníh, ktoré vám poskytnú poznatky z rôznych oblastí zaujímavým a zrozumiteľným spôsobom. Encyklopédie vám pomôžu získať komplexný prehľad o rôznych témach, ako ľudské telo a človek, príroda, vesmír, veda a technika a história.
Naša ponuka encyklopédií populárno-náučného charakteru vám umožní objaviť fascinujúci svet poznania a rozšíriť svoje vedomosti o rôznych témach.
