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Warrington at War
By 1938 Warrington, like the rest of Britain, was preparing for war with Germany. From 1939 to 1945 every Warrington man, woman and child was affected by the Second World War whilst the wartime years also shaped the 21st century town. Of those called up to serve in the Armed Forces, many were killed, injured or suffered in captivity as Prisoners of War. Civil Defence Forces were formed to protect Warrington people and property from enemy attacks but all lived through the terror of German air raids. Thousands worked in local factories to produce essential goods, campaigns to Make Do and Mend and Dig For Victory exhorted people to support the war effort and all endured rationing and shortages. Wartime Warrington was the site of key installations including Risley Ordnance Factory, Padgate Camp for training RAF recruits and HMS Blackcap, a Royal Navy Air Station. American GIs from Burtonwood USAAF Airbase became a familiar sight about the town and the noise of engines were heard day and night. VE Day and VJ Day Celebrations marked the end of war but the impact on Warrington had been immense, the postwar New Town was partly created from acres of derelict land on the old wartime bases and Risley Ordnance Factory became a focus for Britain’s atomic development in the Cold War.Warrington at War pays tribute to the people of this town who served, died and lived through the Second World War, and how they managed to endure in the face of the horrors of war. It features contemporary archive material from the collections of Warrington Museum, fascinating stories from the town’s official archives as well as personal history collected by public appeals for wartime memories.
The King's Traitor
Reginald Pole lived through the reigns of three Tudor monarchs, yet is little known to most lovers of Tudor history. This book brings to life a man who became a cardinal and almost Pope; who so angered Henry VIII that a price was set on his head and attempts were made to kill him; and who was even once suggested as a prospective husband for Mary Tudor and before holding her hand during her short-lived and ultimately tragic reign. He and Mary, paired in the minds of many during their lives, died on the same day.Who was Pole? Was he a man who lacked conviction in his beliefs, as some say? Was he a heretic as one Pope denounced him? Or was he simply a man who tried to do his best, whatever the cost to both his country and to his family?Set against the background of a tumultuous half-century in England’s history, The King’s Traitor answers these questions and is a must read for those interested in the Tudor period.
Cruelty
In a humane world, cruelty should not exist, and yet it has been a feature of our societies since time immemorial. From individual acts of cruelty to systematic torture and mass murder, cruelty has been humanity’s constant companion, attesting to a darker side of human nature. Cruelty involves the use of violence but it is more than this, since it is organized and calculated; its intention is to inflict pain and suffering on others, even to destroy the other. Cruelty is perhaps the ultimate form of violence in which the extermination of the other is staged as a threat in order to make others compliant or instil in them the fear of death. In this wide-ranging cultural history, Wolfgang Müller-Funk examines the ways in which different thinkers and authors – from Herodotus to Nietzsche, from Seneca to Musil and Koestler – have conceptualized and tried to make sense of a phenomenon we would prefer to ignore. He seeks to unveil the conditions under which an economy of cruelty emerges, in which violence is calculated and becomes a quasi-natural matter of course. The economy of cruelty involves the efficient use of means to pursue irrational goals. It also involves discourses and narrative patterns that legitimize organized violence and neutralize emotions, such as empathy and compassion, that would restrain or obstruct the pursuit of cruelty. This disturbing inquiry into the nature of cruelty and its role in human culture will be of interest to students and scholars throughout the humanities and to a wide general readership.
King's Seat, Dunkeld: Excavations of a Royal Centre of the Southern Picts, 2017-21
It is remarkable, given Dunkeld’s importance in medieval Scotland, that so little was known of King’s Seat fort until the 1950s. While proposed as a royal Pictish ‘nuclear’ fort in the 1980s, it was so heavily overgrown as to be effectively lost to archaeology until 2015, when the local history society instigated a programme of community archaeology to explore its story. Led by Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust, working with AOC Archaeology Group, this included excavation that revealed a high-status Pictish fort complex. Like the classic sites Dundurn and Clatchard Craig, it had a high-status summit citadel surrounded by a hierarchy of connected out-works on lower terraces. LiDAR data revealed a previously unknown south enclosure, more than doubling its total footprint and raising questions about the role of such sites and the nature of Pictish settlement. Controlling important routes from the north and west into the lower Tay region, King’s Seat was a Pictish ‘royal’ stronghold, estate, and production centre which was to attract an important early monastic foundation. While relatively short-lived, it produced evidence of elite metalworking and trade and was the venue for feasting that saw the consumption of exotic luxuries such as Continental imports and glass vessels from Anglo-Saxon England. It was abandoned, rather than destroyed, perhaps as power passed to a lower site in a new architectural form, associated with the increasing power of the church and as larger polities developed. The relics of Columba were brought to Dunkeld in the 9th century, probably as much a result of tensions between Pictish royalty and the Gaelic church as the threat of Viking raids, before its ecclesiastical importance was eclipsed by St Andrews. Dunkeld takes its name from the Gaelic dun Cailleann or ‘fort of the Caledonians’ which undoubtedly refers to King’s Seat fort. It is apt that retention of this pre-Pictish name celebrates the link between later prehistory and medieval Scotland that is so well represented by the site itself.
The English House
This is the story of the superbly elegant early eighteenth-century Pallant House in Chichester. It’s the story of 19 Princelet Street in Spitafields, built for a Huguenot silk-weaver, ultimately a synagogue. It’s also the story of – among others – a row of two-up, two-downs in Toxteth, a block of flats in London’s East End, and what Ideal Home’s magazine described in 1926 as Britain’s ‘first modern house’ – in Northampton. Together these buildings reveal the ways in which English homes have developed and changed over the past few centuries. At the same time, as Dan Cruickshank shows, they have much to tell us about the lives of their first occupants: their aspirations, their struggles, their place within society and relationship with their local community. The English House brilliantly weaves these two strands together, blending architectural and social history to create a series of brilliantly observed portraits of fascinating buildings.
The Maya
The Maya forged one of the greatest societies in the history of the ancient Americas — and in all of human history. Long before contact with Europeans, Maya communities built spectacular cities with large, well-fed large populations. They mastered the visual arts, and developed a sophisticated writing system that recorded extraordinary knowledge in calendrics, mathematics, and astronomy. The Maya achieved all this without area-wide centralized control. There was never a single, unified Maya state or empire, but always numerous, evolving ethnic groups speaking dozens of distinct Mayan languages. The people we call "Maya" never thought of themselves as such; yet something definable, unique, and endlessly fascinating - what we call Maya culture - has clearly existed for millennia. So what was their self-identity and how did Maya civilization come to be "invented?"With the Maya historically subdivided and misunderstood in so many ways, the pursuit of what made them "the Maya" is all the more important. In this Very Short Introduction, Restall and Solari explore the themes of Maya identity, city-state political culture, art and architecture, the Maya concept of the cosmos, and the Maya experience of contact with — including invasion by — outsiders. Despite its brevity, this book is unique for its treatment of all periods of Maya civilization, from its origins to the present.
Waging Peace
Waging Peace dispels lingering myths of the frequently disregarded Vietnam antiwar movement as dominated by a subversive collection of political radicals and countercultural rebels. This comprehensive history defines a broad movement built around a core of liberal and mainstream activists who challenged what they saw as a misguided and immoral national policy. Facing ongoing resistance from the government and its prowar supporters, demonstrators upheld First Amendment rights and effectively countered official rationales for the war. These dissenting patriots frequently appealed to traditional American principles and overwhelmingly used the tools of democracy within conventional boundaries to align the nation's practice with its most righteous vision. This work covers not only the activists and organizations whose coalitions sponsored mass demonstrations and their often-symbiotic allies within the government, but also encompasses international, military, and cultural dissent. Achieving positive if limited impact, the movement was ultimately neither victorious nor defeated.
From Colony to Superpower
A finalist for the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction, this prize-winning and critically acclaimed history uses foreign relations as the lens through which to tell the story of America''s dramatic rise from thirteen disparate colonies huddled along the Atlantic coast to the world''s greatest superpower. George C. Herring tells a story of stunning successes and sometimes tragic failures, captured in a fast-paced narrative that illuminates the central importance of foreign relations to the existence and survival of the nation, and highlights its ongoing impact on the lives of ordinary citizens. He shows how policymakers defined American interests broadly to include territorial expansion, access to growing markets, and the spread of an "American way" of life. And Herring does all this in a story rich in human drama and filled with epic events. Statesmen such as Benjamin Franklin and Woodrow Wilson and Harry Truman and Dean Acheson played key roles in America''s rise to world power. But America''s expansion as a nation also owes much to the adventurers and explorers, the sea captains, merchants and captains of industry, the missionaries and diplomats, who discovered or charted new lands, developed new avenues of commerce, and established and defended the nation''s interests in foreign lands. From Colony to Superpower captures all this as it tells the dramatic story of America''s emergence as superpower--its birth in revolution, its troubled present, and its uncertain future.
Le marteau sonnait sur l’enclume
L’objectif de ce travail de recherche était d’appréhender l’outillage en pierre lié a la déformation plastique des métaux, ce que l’on appelle communément les marteaux et les enclumes.Pour ces outils, encore largement méconnus, il n’existait aucun inventaire en France en 2008, et seulement quatre outils reconnus comme tel apparaissaient dans la bibliographie française. Partant des quelques exemplaires connus, un important travail d’investigation au sein des collections de musées publics ou privées principalement de la façade atlantique, dans un premier temps, a conduit a l’identification de plus d’une centaine d’outils pour la plupart inédits. Ce travail s’est ensuite poursuivi dans quelques musées de l’Est et du Sud de la France, mais les outils y semblent plus rares et difficile a localiser au sein de collections parfois anciennes. Les objectifs de cette recherche se sont concentrés sur trois aspects : appréhender la fonction de ces outils, les replacer au sein des chaînes opératoires du métal et appréhender leurs liens avec l’outillage métallique. Dans cette optique, une typologie fonctionnelle de ces outils lithiques a été réalisée en s’appuyant sur la typologie de leurs homologues métalliques afin de permettre une meilleure comparaison des performances de l’une et l’autre série d’outils dédiées au travail des métaux. La publication de ce travail présentera un inventaire le plus complet possible des outils en pierre de la façade atlantique de l’Europe.
Girlhood at War
This book tells the true story of a young girl growing up during the Kosovo war and its immediate aftermath following Kosovo’s liberation by NATO troops in 1999. Through her embodied experiences, the book exposes the tangible and everyday acts and events of the war, providing brutal insight into the impact of war and the politics of subjugation. At the outset of the book (in 1998), Vjosa’s view of the world, as a young child, is organized in clear dichotomies: the good Albanians and the evil Serbs; the brutal Serbian military shelling Albanian civilians and the angelic NATO airplanes bombing Serbian military sites. This Manichean worldview starts to unravel after Vjosa and her family are chased away from their home by the Serbian military and moved to the suburbs. There, surrounded by mostly poor and uneducated fellow Albanians, she gradually discovers the layers of her family’s socio-economic privileges. Though unequipped with the language to verbalize it, she is tormented by the idea that her family’s comparatively higher socio-economic status is the reason why they are spared by the Serbian military. When the war ends in 1999, and the NATO tanks fill the narrow streets of her hometown as Serbian military tanks leave, Vjosa believes she received her own ‘happily ever after’. She celebrates her thirteenth birthday happily wearing a US military uniform, holding an unbearably heavy unloaded gun as she becomes the favorite interpreter of the American NATO troops. She spends several months after the war occasionally translating between angry Albanians who now seek revenge against Serbs and NATO troops who insist on not picking sides; showcasing the impossibility of (re)building Kosovo with “both-sides-ism” becoming the modus operandi of the international intervening structures.
The Landscape of History
What is history, and why should we study it? Is there such a thing as historical truth? Is history a science? One of the most accomplished historians at work today, John Lewis Gaddis, answers these and other questions in this short, witty, and humane book. The Landscape of History provides a searching look at the historian''s craft, as well as a strong argument for why a historical consciousness should matter to us today.Written in the tradition of Marc Bloch and E. H. Carr, The Landscape of History is at once an engaging introduction to the historical method for beginners, a powerful reaffirmation of it for practitioners, a startling challenge to social scientists, and an effective skewering of postmodernist claims that we can''t know anything at all about the past. It will be essential reading for anyone who reads, writes, teaches, or cares about history.
Why Historic Places Matter Emotionally
This Element explores why historic urban places matter emotionally. To achieve this the Element develops a conceptual framework which breaks down the broad category of 'emotion' into three interrelated parts: 1. Emotional responses, 2. Emotional attachments, and 3. Emotional communities. In so doing new lines of enquiry are opened up including the reasons why certain emotional responses such as pride and fear are provoked by historic urban places; the complex interplay of the physical environment and everyday experiences in informing emotional attachments, as well as the reasons why emotional communities coalesce in particular historic urban places. In addition, the Element explores the ways in which emotion, in the form of responses, attachments, and communities, can be considered within heritage management and concludes with a discussion of where next for heritage theories and practices. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Islands in the Lake
Now notorious for its aridity and air pollution, Mexico City was once part of a flourishing lake environment. In nearby Xochimilco, Native Americans modified the lakes to fashion a distinctive and remarkably abundant aquatic society, one that provided a degree of ecological autonomy for local residents, enabling them to protect their communities' integrity, maintain their way of life, and preserve many aspects of their cultural heritage. While the area's ecology allowed for a wide array of socioeconomic and cultural continuities during colonial rule, demographic change came to affect the ecological basis of the lakes; pastoralism and new ways of using and modifying the lakes began to make a mark on the watery landscape and on the surrounding communities. In this fascinating study, Conway explores Xochimilco using native-language documents, which serve as a hallmark of this continuity and a means to trace patterns of change.
Myths on the Edge of Empire: How Classical Mythology Spread throughout Roman Britain
Myths on the Edge of Empire presents the findings of an extensive investigation into how classical mythology spread across Roman Britain, revealing which characters and deities were the most prevalent, in which contexts, and within which physical media. The reader is initially guided through a series of case studies that use individual mythical entities (Minerva, Mars, Medusa, Hercules, Mercury, and Cupid) to introduce key concepts and observations, as well as drawing attention to the pitfalls of the terminology often employed in explaining complex cultural interchanges. Building upon these findings, more complex patterns are then discussed in thematic chapters that focus on military deities, how myths were combined or displayed together, and the extent to which urban environments were fertile ground for their employment, as well as a typological breakdown and discussion of material culture. As a reference, this book presents a series of graphical displays, one per myth, that show quantities of artefacts, locations, find contexts, and prevalence over time. Finally, the book classifies and explains the vectors that were used in the cultural transmission of mythology throughout a province that was at the very edge of the Roman Empire.
Manchester : The Biography
Ed Glinert has written the first ever epic,detailed, exciting, accurate history of theworld's first modern city - the industrialstrength city - from the Romans to 21stcentury renaissance, from cotton machines to cultural richness, from Gothic to Gotham. A volume that takes the reader back two thousand years, to the first stirrings of "Maenwicken", and ends now, in the 2020s. This is a spectacular story, a remarkable history that takes the reader from the Romans and ancient religious mystics to the machine makers of the industrial revolution, to the Victorian cotton merchants, the creators of the Gothic city and revered figures such as Emmeline Pankhurst, L. S. Lowry, Alan Turing, George Best, Tony Wilson and hundreds more pioneers who have created one of the world's greatest cities. This is a history of the world's first industrial metropolis to rival the great city biographies, such as Peter Ackroyd's London and Simon Sebag Montefiore on Jerusalem, crafted by Manchester's best researched and most entertaining writer. This is the book to captivate the public and secure Manchester's place among the world's best known cities.
Home Work
How reforms to girlhood education in the Progressive Era cemented inequalities of gender, race, and class in urban school systems. In Home Work, historian Ruby Oram tells the story of how middle-class, white women reformers lobbied the state to implement various public education reforms to shape the lives of girls and women in industrial cities between 1870 and 1930. Women such as Jane Addams and Florence Kelley used education reform to target working-class communities and advocate for their middle-class ideals of girlhood and femininity, which could vary depending on the racial or socio-economic backgrounds of the girls. For example, reformers generally encouraged white girls to care for their future families, while pushing Black girls toward becoming domestic workers in others’ homes. Using Chicago as a case study, Oram also explores how many of the reforms sought by white women were in response to evolving anxieties about immigration, health, and sexual delinquency. An illuminating addition to the history of urban education in America, Home Work enriches our understanding of educational inequality in twentieth-century schools.
Embodying the Revolution
This original and thought-provoking study offers a fresh perspective on Zionism by exploring Hebrew culture’s ambivalent attitude toward modern sports. Drawing on extensive archival sources and contemporary literary theories, it focuses on Zionism’s surprising anxiety toward sports during the interwar heyday of “muscular Judaism,” revealing an unusual society in which athletes failed to attain national pride and distinction. Addressing themes such as the body, language, space, immigration, internationalism, amateurism, gender, and militarization, Embodying the Revolution presents an innovative reading of Jewish life in Mandate Palestine, linking the marginalization of sports to the meaning and experience of the Zionist Revolution. Idels' compelling interpretation of the appeal of sports, selfhood, and the compromises inherent in radical aspirations—narrated from the periphery of the interwar global rise of sports—challenges contemporary assumptions that dismiss ideology as an elitist myth.
Nourishing Growth and Suffocating Life
From the water crisis in Flint, Michigan, to declining water levels in the Colorado River, water quality problems in the United States have become increasingly common. In Nourishing Growth and Suffocating Life, Daniel Mains argues that all too often subsidizing economic growth has self-destructive consequences for drinking water and stormwater infrastructure. Mains examines the case of Norman, Oklahoma, a liberal college town in one of the reddest states in the country, that is in many ways a microcosm of the nation. Mains begins with Lake Thunderbird, a reservoir that displaced members of the Absentee Shawnee Tribe and allowed Norman’s population to nearly triple in sixty years. Norman’s growth damaged the quality of water in Lake Thunderbird, causing the city to invest millions of dollars to improve its tap water. Each chapter examines examples of the intersection between self-destructive growth, water, and politics. Mains takes readers on a journey into urban creeks that erode backyards, Facebook battles over stormwater infrastructure, and city council policy debates that veer from water to policing. Taking into consideration how conceptions of community and belonging shape the distribution of resources, Nourishing Growth and Suffocating Life explores how cities can achieve water security and sustainable growth in an era of increasing distrust in government and scientific expertise.
War and Peace in the Worlds of Rudolf H. Sauter
War and Peace in the Worlds of Rudolf H. Sauter is the first book to examine the creative life and worlds of Rudolf H. Sauter (1895–1977), the German-born artist, poet, cultural observer and nephew of the famed novelist John Galsworthy. Revealing him to be a creative figure in his own right, it examines his early life as a German immigrant in Britain, his formative years during the run-up to the Great War, his wartime internment as an “enemy alien,” and the postwar development of his intriguing body of artistic and literary work. Placing Sauter and his creative life in the historical contexts they have long deserved, this life story opens a window onto subjects of war, love, memory, travel and existential concerns of modern times.
Pridajte sa k nám na ceste časom s našou komplexnou kolekciou encyklopédií zaoberajúcich sa históriou. Táto kategória obsahuje všetko od praveku až po súčasnosť. Študujte historické udalosti, významné osobnosti, dôležité civilizácie a momenty, ktoré formovali svet, v ktorom žijeme dnes. Ideálne pre študentov, učiteľov, ako aj pre všeobecných historických nadšencov, naše encyklopédie sú zdrojom nevyčerpaných informácií a zábavného poznávania.
Mnohé encyklopédie sú bohato ilustrované, čo umožňuje čitateľom lepšie vizualizovať a porozumieť historickým udalostiam a obdobiam.
