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Gettysburg Surgeons
The Battle of Gettysburg was one of the Civil War’s turning points—and one of its bloodiest clashes of arms. At places now etched in history—Devil’s Den, the Wheatfield, Cemetery Ridge—the carnage was horrific: some 50,000 men became casualties, about half of them wounded in need of medical care. During the battle’s three days, and for months after, a thousand surgeons—military as well as civilian, southern but mostly northern—provided care to the wounded in conditions that beggared the imagination and stretched the limits of nineteenth-century medicine. Drawing on nearly a decade of research, historian Barbara Franco stitches together medical history, military history, and Civil War history to highlight the work of the surgeons of Gettysburg.The medical staff of the Army of the Potomac and the Army of Northern Virginia had their hands—and medical tents and wagons—full even before the battle started. On the march for nearly a month, from central Virginia to southern Pennsylvania, soldiers fell out of the ranks daily with heat stroke, exhaustion, dehydration, malnutrition, injuries to feet and legs, wounds from skirmishes with the enemy, and a gut-wrenching array of illnesses, from dysentery to typhoid fever, whose causes were still poorly understood. Doctors and surgeons treated the sick and hurt while on the move themselves, working around the clock to keep the armies in fighting condition.Once the shooting started on the morning of July 1, 1863, the situation became chaotic as medical personnel hurried to Gettysburg, where the fallen littered fields, woods, and town and makeshift hospitals opened in churches, barns, and other buildings. As surgeons settled in overnight, so did the armies, who unleashed hell on each other on July 2 and July 3, culminating in the devastation of Pickett’s Charge. Chaos became nightmare as the wounded flooded hospital tents and surgeons went about the grisly work of treating bloodied and mangled soldiers, triaging patients, amputating limbs, and performing a narrow range of other surgeries, such as trephination of the skull. Surgeons worked in primitive field conditions with little rest or sleep while the battle still raged around them, the wounded groaned and cried, and gruesome scenes unfolded by the minute. Ether and chloroform were available for anesthesia, and morphine for pain, but the era did not yet have antibiotics or an understanding of germs, hygiene, and the need for sterile equipment. The work of surgeons continued long after the two armies left. A massive hospital camp was established, and thousands of Union and Confederate soldiers were treated until the facility finally closed the following November.
The Tokyo Sixteen
The Tokyo Sixteen tells the gripping story of the sixteen pilots who took part in the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo in April 1942. The book follows their personal journeys, from their diverse backgrounds and motivations for joining the military to their daring participation in one of WWII’s most audacious missions.It begins with a deep dive into each pilot’s life before the war, highlighting their unique aspirations and shared sense of duty. The narrative then shifts to the intense and secretive training required to launch B-25 bombers from an aircraft carrier, a technical feat that had never been attempted before.The heart of the book focuses on the raid itself, capturing the pilots'' courage as they flew into enemy territory, bombed Tokyo, and then faced perilous escapes. Personal stories of bravery, survival, and the physical and mental toll of the mission form a powerful narrative throughout.The aftermath of the raid is no less compelling, with pilots crashing in enemy territory or narrowly escaping capture. The book concludes by reflecting on the lasting legacy of the Doolittle Raiders, celebrating their heroism and the enduring impact of their bravery. The Tokyo Sixteen is a tribute to the strength of the human spirit in extreme circumstances.
Napoleon's Army at Austerlitz
A snow-capped hill in modern day Czech Republic, dominated by a small church with black onion dome, stands on a field of battle that cemented Napoleon’s position as Emperor of the French. His throne was secure. His power was limitless. Europe lay at his feet. The Battle of Austerlitz is almost universally regarded as the most impressive of Napoleon''s many victories. The magnitude of the French achievement against a larger Russian and Austrian force was unprecedented, the great victory being met by sheer amazement and delirium in Paris, where, just days earlier, the nation had been teetering on the brink of financial collapse. It was a time when Napoleon''s Grande Armée was at the apogee of its power.Trained on the Channel coast for over two years, the Grande Armée was considered to be the most powerful, and in many respects the most glamourous, fighting force in Europe. Using archive documents from the time, this book sets out to chart the story of the men who made up the army. Incorporating rare eye-witness reports, that have to date never been used in English or French histories, we assess if the army was indeed the best in the world. Men like Grouchy, Oudinot, Ney, D’hautpoul and many other famous names put the army through its paces – it is their judgements that confirm or deny the effectiveness of the army.These men also minutely examined the men’s clothing and equipment. Using these reports we present for the first time the true story of the Grande Armée. This has been possible due to the author’s access to a vast resource, as yet untapped by the vast majority of researchers and historians for understanding Napoleonic era in general. These are the regimental archive boxes preserved in the French Army Archives. From the regimental inspections, as well as the observations of Divisional commanders written at the time, these sources provide, potentially bias free empirical data – it is based on personal assessments thus is not error free – from which we can reconstruct the life story of a regiment, its officers and above all its clothing.More uniquely, the text is supported by an unrivalled collection of full colour illustrations, many of which have never been published before, including images of original items of equipment that are held in both museums and private collections to which the author has been granted special access.In this beautifully illustrated book, Paul Dawson critically re-examines the mythos and presents the judgement call made at the time about the army, that has ever since been overtly romanticised by both lovers and haters of Napoleon.
Slavery in the International Women's Movement, 1832–1914
In this book, Sophie van den Elzen shows how advocates for women''s rights, in the absence of their ''own'' history, used the antislavery movement as a historical reference point and model. Through a detailed analysis of a wide range of sources produced over the span of almost a century, including novels, journals, speeches, pamphlets, and posters, van den Elzen reveals how the women''s movement gradually diverged from a position of solidarity with the enslaved into one of opposition, based on hierarchical assumptions about class and race. This inclusive cultural survey provides a new understanding of the ways in which the cultural memory of Anglo-American antislavery was imported and adapted across Europe and the Atlantic world, and it breaks new ground in studying the ?woman-slave analogy? from a longitudinal and transnational comparative perspective. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Mussolini's Navy
This book is a complete guide to the Regia Marina, the navy with which Italy fought the Second World War. Starting with the historical background, it describes how the navy developed, how it was organised, the facilities that supported it, and the operations it conducted both before and after the armistice in 1943. It also details all its ships, with full technical particulars, plans and photos. Furthermore, there are chapters on special topics like camouflage; uniforms, decorations and insignia; and a ''who''s who'' of important naval personalities; and the reference value of the book is enhanced by a comprehensive bibliography and guide to sources.The illustration is a noteworthy feature of the book as the author''s 30,000-image collection of naval photographs is one of the best in Italy. He is also a fine draughtsman, and his ship plans and colour illustrations are both detailed and accurate, adding a particular appeal for modelmakers.Of all the main combatant navies of this era, the Italian is probably the most poorly represented in English publications, so this comprehensive handbook, now made available in an affordable softcover edition, will be especially welcomed by those who missed this book in its first edition.‘Maurizio Brescia''s latest book is a major achievement and a milestone in the renaissance of Italian Naval history.’ The Navy‘This is a thorough, detailed, comprehensive, well researched, ably written, and superbly illustrated, one volume treatment of its subject that every reader will want to own and read.’ Sea Classics Magazine‘A simply magnificent book describing the Italian Navy of the Second World War.’ Pegasus Archive
The British Aircraft Carrier
The Royal Navy invented the aircraft carrier and most of the key innovations which have enabled carriers to remain effective, exploiting continuing changes in aircraft technology, from biplanes to supersonic jets. This book tells (and explains) how that happened over more than a century of British carrier development, based largely on declassified official documents, both British and US.Major themes include British domination of the early years of carrier development, and the audacious and highly original plans for their use during World War I, which inspired later naval thinking on the potential of carrier aviation. The introduction of armoured flight decks in the 1930s was only the first of a sequence of British innovations, the most important of which made it possible for carriers to operate jet aircraft (the angled deck, the steam catapult, and the mirror landing sight). These British developments, particularly the steam catapult, were crucial to the survival of the US carrier force in the postwar era, to an extent often forgotten. Later the Royal Navy produced the first commando carriers, and played a crucial role in the VSTOL carrier revolution, and continues to demonstrate originality and innovation as seen in the current pair of large carriers.This book covers all British-built carriers, including those in Commonwealth and foreign service, with the historical context, both operational and technical, explained in detail, as is the connection to larger British national concerns. The book is heavily illustrated with photographs, but also reproduces official plans from the National Maritime Museum, many of which have never previously been published.
Escaping Stalag Luft III
Stalag Luft lll was where Germany sent all its habitual Allied escapers, and the first British and Commonwealth POWs arrived there on 11 April 1942.The following year, on 29 October, what became known as The Wooden Horse Escape took place – the name deriving from the use of a gymnastic vaulting horse to cover the fact that a tunnel was being dug underneath. The escape was devised by Flight Lieutenant Eric Williams and Lieutenant Richard Michael Codner. Joined by Pilot Officer Oliver Philpot, all three men escaped and made it safely back to England. The escape inspired others and, five months later, on the evening of 24/25 March 1944, what became known as the Great Escape took place.The intention was to break out more than 200 British and Allied POWs, but a combination of tunnel collapses, a nearby Allied air raid and the discovery of the tunnel exit meant only 76 escapees made it out. Only 3 made it back to the UK, with 73 being recaptured and 50 of those being murdered by the Gestapo on Hitler’s orders.Both escapes were made famous first by books and then even more famous by their respective films, and although not entirely accurate, each ensured that the stories told would reach a worldwide audience.
The Highland Battles
The wars fought in Scotland's northern and western highlands between the ninth and fourteenth centuries were a key stage in the military history of the region, yet they have rarely been studied in-depth before. Out of this confused and turbulent period came the more settled and familiar history of the region. The Highlands and islands were controlled by the kings of Norway or by Norse or Norse-Celtic warlords, who not only resisted Scottish royal authority but on occasion seemed likely to overthrow it. That is why Chris Peers's ambitious study is of such value for he provides a coherent and vivid account of the series of campaigns and battles that shaped Scotland. The narrative is structured around a number of battles -Skitten Moor, Torfness, Tankerness, Renfrew, Mam Garvia, Clairdon and Dalrigh -which illustrate phases of the conflict and reveal the strategies and tactics of the rival chieftains. Chris Peers explores the international background to many of these conflicts which had consequences for Scotland's relations with England, Ireland and continental Europe. At the same time he considers to what extent the fighting methods of the time survived into the post-medieval period.
The Secret War Between Hitler and Stalin
The intelligence war between Germany and the Soviet Union, ignited by Operation Barbarossa on 22 June 1941, was fiercely contested over four years. Neither side was prepared for the scale of the conflict, and both quickly developed methods to assess and counter each other’s military intentions.This book explores the intelligence strategies of Stalin’s SMERSH and Hitler’s Abwehr. SMERSH coordinated three independent counter-intelligence agencies within the Red Army, while the Abwehr was Germany’s military-intelligence service. Focusing on key battles like Stalingrad and Kursk, the book examines how both sides competed for intelligence advantage.The Soviets excelled in strategic deception, manipulating German decision-making. Early in the war, they used counterintelligence to deceive the Germans, notably during their surprise counteroffensive at Moscow in December 1941 and their hidden tank formations in 1942. German intelligence chief Gehlen underestimated Soviet deception and overestimated German superiority, which hindered effective analysis.Meanwhile, the Soviets deployed agents behind German lines and employed terror tactics to destroy German operations. The pivotal battle of Stalingrad revealed the Germans'' intelligence failures, and their subsequent losses marked a turning point. By the war''s end, Soviet counterintelligence had become a critical weapon, reshaping the intelligence landscape and significantly impacting the outcome of the war.
A Forest of Granite
Gettysburg has been widely analyzed in terms of its tactics and historical importance, but this book looks at the overlooked efforts of veterans who sought to build lasting tributes, not only to mark where they fought but to convey the deeper meanings behind their sacrifices. This compelling study explores the development of Union veteran monuments at Gettysburg from 1863 to 1913, uncovering the grassroots efforts of Union soldiers to immortalize their experiences on the battlefield that held the greatest significance for the Army of the Potomac. Through dedication speeches, correspondence, and historical records, the book reveals how Union veterans raised funds and rallied political support to construct these monuments, even as the nation moved toward reconciliation and reconstruction. Early monuments emphasized punishment for the South and the preservation of the Union, while later ones reflected themes of reconciliation. These tributes, set against the preserved landscape of Gettysburg, reflect the complex social, political, and economic forces of their time, and continue to shape our understanding of Civil War memory. A Forest of Granite offers a fresh perspective on Gettysburg, highlighting how Union veterans’ monumentation shaped the interpretation of the battlefield and ensured that future generations would remember not just where they fought, but why.
Tiberius
History has not been kind to the memory of Tiberius Caesar (42 BC-AD 37), second emperor of the Romans. His reputation for capable generalship and sensible civic leadership are marred by reports of cruelty, treason trials and sexual depravity. Some historians have described him as a ‘tyrant’ or even a ‘monster’. But does he deserve this negative appraisa? n Tiberius, Lindsay Powell presents a fresh and penetrating reassessment of the life and legacy of the extraordinary man handpicked by Augustus to succeed him. He shows that Tiberius was the right man for the job, at the right time.Tiberius built upon the innovations of Augustus by bolstering the Roman Commonwealth’s institutions and reining in its expenditures. He used his proven leadership skills in military and diplomatic affairs to avoid war whenever possible. A no-nonsense disciplinarian willing to eschew popularity for the good of the Res Publica, he respected the Senate’s independence, recruited competent public administrators, rooted out malpractice in provincial government, and was generous to communities blighted by disaster.Tiberius examines the known facts of the personal and professional life of Ancient Rome’s third longest serving emperor. He was a poet, a collector of art and an astrologer. Lindsay Powell explores how he dealt with success, disappointment and loss all while under the unrelenting pressure of serving Augustus, and then carrying out his ultimate duty by ruling the empire in his own right.Descended from a famous family, his standing has been undermined by his infamous appointees: right-hand man, Aelius Sejanus, who betrayed him; prefect of Judaea, Pontius Pilatus, who crucified Jesus of Nazareth; and his successor, Caius, better known as Caligula. Yet, when he died of old age (or was he murdered?), he left the Roman Empire both stronger and at peace.Meticulously researched, Tiberius is lucidly written by the author of the acclaimed biographies Marcus Agrippa and Germanicus.
The Roman Empire and the Wider World
Much has been written about the great extent encompassed by the Roman Empire''s borders, their armies’ attempts to expand and defend them, and about the extent to which ‘Romanization’ imposed a uniform culture within them. But far less attention has been lavished on Rome''s relations with the wider world that lay beyond these porous borders. A citizen shopping in the jostling market of a Roman city could buy amber or fur from Scandinavia, ivory from sub-Saharan Africa, spice from India or Chinese silk, among a host of other exotic foods and luxuries. These goods did not just show up at the nearest port; they were the result of centuries of trade missions, trade deals and a general compulsion to explore the outside and largely unknown world.Paul Chrystal examines Rome’s relations with the world it never conquered, describing what the Romans knew of it, how trade relations were established and commerce conducted. He explores the major trade routes such as the fabled Silk Road to China and the sea routes to India, as well as many more. He details embassies and exploratory missions conducted across thousands of miles to open trade and diplomatic links, such as that of Chinese general Bao Chao sent to contact the Romans. Importantly he discusses trade in both directions and emphasizes that along with goods went a two-way exchange of people, ideas, knowledge, and culture. Along the way, topical themes such as immigration, inclusion and xenophobia are raised.From Finland to Lake Chad, and from Ireland to India and China, the Romans left their mark upon the wider world, a world that in turn left its indelible mark upon their Empire.
Home from Home
Home from Home records the seventy-year history of an emigree Ukrainian community which established roots and gradually integrated into the life of a Yorkshire mill town, while nurturing deep ties with its homeland. By sharing its relatively unknown past, specifically at a time when Ukraine heroically endures an unprovoked and destructive invasion by Russian forces, it aids understanding of historic hostilities between the two.Initially covering harrowing, sensitive and hitherto undisclosed stories, Home from Home travels back to a traumatic era of enforced slave labour under the Third Reich, battles on the Eastern Front and survival in frightful camps during the bloody years of the Second World War.Then, from the late 1940s, the establishment of Ukrainian Clubs, like Huddersfield, enable the preservation of Ukrainian history, language, and traditions in the UK. Rich, vibrant Christmas and Easter traditions, Ukrainians’ love of music, dance, food and drink come to the fore; and yet in the background, the clamour for Ukrainian Independence endured and still shines brightly to this day.Home from Home provides a deep, empathetic view of Ukrainians settling in the UK, their past and current difficulties integrating, and their legendary resilience to overcome and survive as a free and proud people.
Women in the Scottish Wars of Independence 1296–1357
The Scottish Wars of Independence are often celebrated for the heroic deeds of men, but behind the scenes, noblewomen played an equally pivotal role in shaping the nation’s fate. In Women in the Scottish Wars of Independence, Beth Reid brings to life the stories of these remarkable women, from royalty to influential landowners, whose contributions to Scotland’s turbulent history have long been overlooked.From noblewomen like Isabella MacDuff, Agnes Randolph, and Agnes Comyn—who made kings, defended castles, and led conspiracies—to royal women who influenced key decisions and defined dynasties, this book paints a vivid picture of resilience, strategy, and courage. Through chronicles, royal charters, and material culture, Reid uncovers how these women navigated war and politics, revealing their critical yet underappreciated roles in shaping the outcomes of the Wars of Independence.Focusing on noblewomen rather than ordinary lives, this book offers a fresh perspective on a male-dominated narrative, shedding light on the influential partnerships and actions of women who stood at the heart of Scotland''s history. With meticulous research and compelling storytelling, Women in the Scottish Wars of Independence is essential reading for history enthusiasts eager to explore the often-untold contributions of Scotland’s noblewomen during one of its most formative periods.
Letters to Miss Baker
When the Second World War broke out, Miss Daisy Baker of Kingsbury County School reached out to every former scholar serving their country. Two hundred Old Kingsburians replied, sending five hundred letters between them. Those letters survive – and they are the subject of this book. To read the Letters to Miss Baker is to follow those former scholars as they trained, travelled, camped, fought, were imprisoned and died in the struggle to save democracy. They may have expected to spend their working lives in London or its environs and might never have travelled abroad. Yet, from 1939 to 1945, they found themselves bumping into each other in the most unlikely of places; fighting in brutal, historic battles, whether on the western front, in the deserts of North Africa or amid the melee of Italy; flying missions to bring destruction upon the enemy, the odds stacked against them, flailing frantically to free themselves from blazing planes; guarding the high seas, shelled, going down with their ship; huddled in secret, decoding messages, providing vital intelligence to the Forces; even ferrying a Prime Minister around. Letters to Miss Baker is a tribute to those Old Kingsburians and to their remarkable teacher.
Druhá světová v barvě, 2. vydání
Historie největšího světového konfliktu na 120 unikátních fotografiích. Dobové snímky jsou kolorovány, aby připomněly události z let 1939–1945 v perspektivě, v níž je sledovali tehdejší účastníci. Zavedou na hlavní bojiště, na východní frontu, na východní frontu, do Normandie či Tichomoří, ale i do Hitlerovy osobní koupelny v Mnichově, do ulic Wehrmachtem okupované Prahy nebo mezi partyzány. Snímky provází zasvěcený text, který přibližuje zlomové okamžiky – od blitzkriegu nacistické armády po konečné vítězství Spojenců, slavné zbraně, letadla, tanky, rozhodující bitvy, osudy a tragédie vojáků i civilních obyvatel.
U příležitosti 80 let od konce války rozšířeno o nové snímky.
Weavers, Scribes, and Kings
A unique history of the ancient Near East that compellingly presents the life stories of kings, priestesses, merchants, bricklayers, and othersIn this sweeping history of the ancient Near East, Amanda Podany takes readers on a gripping journey from the creation of the world''s first cities to the conquests of Alexander the Great. The book is built around the life stories of many ancient men and women, from kings, priestesses, and merchants to brickmakers, musicians, and weavers. Their habits of daily life, beliefs, triumphs, and crises, and the changes that people faced over time are explored through their own written words and the buildings, cities, and empires in which they lived.Rather than chronicling three thousand years of rulers and states, Weavers, Scribes, and Kings instead creates a tapestry of life stories through which readers will come to know specific individuals from many walks of life, and to understand their places within the broad history of events and institutions in the ancient Near East. These life stories are preserved on ancient clay tablets, which allow us to trace, for example, the career of a weaver as she advanced to become a supervisor of a workshop, listen to a king trying to persuade his generals to prepare for a siege, and feel the pain of a starving young couple and their four young children as they suffered through a time of famine. What might seem at first glance to be a remote and inaccessible ancient culture proves to be a comprehensible world, one that bequeathed to the modern world many of our institutions and beliefs, a truly fascinating place to visit.
'I Wish I Had Your Wings'
August 1942, British forces launched Operation Pedestal in an attempt to deliver supplies to the stricken island of Malta, an Allied base that had been under Axis blockade for months. From 9 to 15 August, a convoy of some fifty ships ran the gauntlet of Axis bombers, submarines, E-boats and minefields. Of the original fourteen merchant vessels, only five reached Malta Grand Harbour.In ‘I Wish I Had Your Wings’, Angus Mansfield relates the experiences of two men involved in Pedestal, Captain David Macfarlane of MV Melbourne Star and his nephew John Mejor, one of the Spitfire pilots who fought to protect the convoy. Told using their log books, letters and papers, and illustrated with images from the family archive, this is the story of one family’s contribution to a relief operation that cost over 400 Allied lives, but has gone down in history as one of the most important British strategic victories of the Second World War.
Catalogue de la collection egyptienne du Musee d’Histoire et d’Archeologie de Vannes
This catalogue presents the first comprehensive study of the Egyptian collection at the Musée d’Histoire et d’Archéologie in Vannes, originally assembled by the Société polymathique du Morbihan, a learned society founded in 1826. The collection, largely made up of donations from famous explorers and scholars of the 19th and 20th centuries, traces the development of one of the first public collections of Egyptian antiquities open to the public. One of the main contributors is the famous explorer Frédéric Cailliaud. This catalogue meticulously reconstructs his original lots, as well as artefacts from other donors, revealing their historical significance.Notable items include 46 predynastic flint tools from Fayoum, donated by Walter Seton-Karr, a series of funerary objects such as linen strips used for the embalming of priests of Montu in Thebes, the painted and inscribed lid of a wooden anthropoid coffin of a priest from the Ptolemaic period in Akhmim, faience shabti figures from the Late Period, jewellery, amulets, a fragmentary papyrus in hieratic script, a mummified cat, two Ptolemaic royal coins and 25 Coptic textiles from Antinoe, donated by Émile Guimet.This scholarly work, enriched with detailed descriptions and high-quality images, provides new critical perspectives on these artefacts, many of which have never been published, constituting a valuable resource for Egyptologists, historians and museum curators. It makes a significant contribution to the study of small collections of antiquities in this remote region and is the first catalogue of Pharaonic artefacts from western Brittany.
Pridajte sa k nám na ceste časom s našou komplexnou kolekciou encyklopédií zaoberajúcich sa históriou. Táto kategória obsahuje všetko od praveku až po súčasnosť. Študujte historické udalosti, významné osobnosti, dôležité civilizácie a momenty, ktoré formovali svet, v ktorom žijeme dnes. Ideálne pre študentov, učiteľov, ako aj pre všeobecných historických nadšencov, naše encyklopédie sú zdrojom nevyčerpaných informácií a zábavného poznávania.
Mnohé encyklopédie sú bohato ilustrované, čo umožňuje čitateľom lepšie vizualizovať a porozumieť historickým udalostiam a obdobiam.
