Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné strana 40 z 152
História 
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Vesmír, veda a technika 
Ľudské telo, človek 
Encyklopédie - ostatné
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A Concise History of New Zealand Aotearoa
New Zealand was the last major landmass, other than Antarctica, to be settled by humans. In A Concise History of New Zealand Aotearoa, Philippa Mein Smith beautifully narrates the story of this rugged and dynamic land, from its origins in Gondwana, between 60 and 100 million years ago, its late settlement by Polynesian voyagers, and its colonisation by Europeans (and the exchanges that made these peoples Maori and Pakeha) to the dramatic struggles over land and efforts to manage global forces into the twenty-first century. The third edition continues to unravel key moments in distant and recent history – the signing and continuation of the Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi), the Gallipoli landings, the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior, and earthquakes – showing their roles in nation-building myths and connecting them with the less dramatic forces, economic and social, that have shaped contemporary New Zealand.
The Evolution of Western Thought: Volume 1, From the Ancient World to Late Antiquity
A rich and immersive reinterpretation of the history of Western thought, this volume – the first in a major trilogy – explores the transmission and development of philosophical ideas from Plato and Aristotle to Jesus, Paul, Augustine and Gregory the Great. Christopher Celenza recalibrates philosophy's story not as abstract argumentation but rather as lived practice: one aimed at excavating wisdom and shaping life. Emphasizing the importance of textual tradition and elucidation across diverse contexts, the author shows how philosophical and religious ideas were transformed and readjusted over time. By focusing on the centrality of Christianity to Western thought, he reveals how ancient ideas were alchemized within religious frameworks, and how – across the centuries – ethical and intellectual traditions intersected to shape culture, memory, and the pursuit of sagacity. Ever attentive to ongoing conversations between past and present, this expansive intellectual history brings perspectives to the subject that are both nuanced and fresh.
Traditions Observed
Offering a fascinating celebration of Britain’s living heritage, TRADITIONS OBSERVED, by Anna Hallett is an engaging journey through more than 70 of Britain’s most ancient and enduring local customs and ceremonies. In a richly detailed travelogue, the book explores the rituals, both famous and obscure, that continue to be celebrated across the UK today. From well-known events, such as well dressing, mummers, wassailing and pancake races to lesser known traditions such as Straw Bears, ‘Mock Mayors’ and the spectacle of Bun Throwing, together with a number of charitable events and civic ceremonies, plus a good smattering of both real horses and hobby horses included, the book captures the remarkable variety of customs that have survived into the twenty-first century. Different communities and associations have always had their own unique customs which have been passed down and preserved over the years. These are often rooted in the occupations and businesses of the local inhabitants or society members. Others are such as pancake races, Maypole dancing, wassailing and mummers are more universal and are celebrated throughout the year in multiple locations, albeit quite often with local interpretations. Not all events happen annually so waiting for the right year to come around to participate can sometimes take a while. In one particular case, it can be up to 21 years between the Chedozy Candle Auctions in Somerset! And the COVID pandemic has caused some disarray to the calendar in recent years. Describing some of the events that she witnessed and took part in, Anna said: ‘I’ve met straw bears, mock mayors, a warrener, a wren bearer and a Jack-in-the-Green. I shook hands with a boy bishop, played the part of High Constable, acquired a hobby horse named Biscuit made by Stephen Rowley, a Cotswold artist and mummer, and only narrowly avoided falling into the Thames while trying to keep up with swan-upping Vintners. ‘Injudicious action (on my part) during a game of bottle-kicking in Hallaton, Leicestershire, could have led to serious injury. I have been pelted with raid-sodden buns and presented with a wassail bowl on one occasion and a carrier bag filled with flour on another. In London, I witnessed the payment of ‘quit rents’ in the Royal Courts of Justice and the testing of new coins of the realm in the Trial of the Pyx in Goldsmiths’ Hall – both in the presences of the Queen’s Remembrancer.’Anna Hallett is passionate about history, a love of which she has shared over the years with the students that she has taught at various educational institutions. A combination of this, together with an interest in travel and a curiosity regarding exploring the unknown have contributed to the creation of this book.
Turning Point
THE UNTOLD STORY OF REAGAN, THATCHER, THE INVASION OF GRENADA AND THE BEGINNING OF THE END OF THE COLD WARHow Reagan reignited the foreign policy principles that made America a “shining city upon a hill.”On October 25th,1983 President Ronald Reagan launched one of the most successful invasions in modern American history. In four days, Operation Urgent Fury successfully liberated the Island of Grenada from communist forces and reinstated the democratically elected government. It was the first major American operation since Vietnam and the first victorious major military operation since World War II. And this monumental task almost came at the cost of the most important Cold War alliance: that between President Reagan and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The urgency of action meant that the Prime Minister and close American ally was left out of the loop, publicly embarrassing for her and straining their relationship.TURNING POINT: How Reagan Liberated Grenada and Won the Cold War reveals how America was able to invade a country, liberate it from a corrupt government that threatened stability in the Western hemisphere, and leave the potential for a prosperous future in the hands of its own people; it explores the greater picture of how Reagan avoided succumbing to interventionist nation-building and becoming an occupying force.President Reagan’s strategic success helped bring an end to the Cold War and is a much needed lesson for current American foreign policy.
50 Stone Age Finds
Flint and stone finds hold a unique place in the archaeological record as they represent all that survives from most of the human past. The Stone Age did not end with the introduction of metals and some of the finest lithic objects date from the Bronze Age and the use of flint and stone has continued into recent times. These items can have a strange, gem-like quality – 500,000-year-old flint hand axes, recorded by the PAS, show a symmetry and grace that we can still admire today. Great skill and effort went into making flint and stone objects and how they were produced is examined here. Humanly worked flints are surprisingly common and, in fact, they are found everywhere. This book gives guidance on what to look for and how to recognise worked flint. It shows what can be commonly found along with superb objects recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Flint and stone implements should be seen in context and supporting text and images will show something of the cultures that produced this material and how we came to discover them.
The Brandywine Campaign, 1777
The Brandywine River calmly meanders through the Pennsylvania countryside today, but on September 11, 1777, it served as the scenic backdrop for the largest battle of the American Revolution, one that encompassed more troops over more land than any combat fought on American soil until the Civil War. Long overshadowed by the stunning American victory at Saratoga, the complex British campaign that defeated George Washington's colonial army and led to the capture of the capital city of Philadelphia was one of the most important military events of the war. General Sir William Howe launched his campaign in late July 1777, when he loaded his army of 16,500 British and Hessian soldiers aboard a 265-ship armada in New York and set sail. Six difficult weeks later Howe's expedition landed near Elkton, Maryland, and moved north into Pennsylvania. Washington's rebel army harassed Howe's men at several locations including a minor but violent skirmish at Cooch's Bridge in Delaware on September 3. Another week of hit-and-run tactics followed until Howe was within three miles of Chads's Ford on the Brandywine River, behind which Washington had posted his army in strategic blocking positions along a six-mile front. The young colonial capital of Philadelphia was just 25 miles farther east. Obscured by darkness and a heavy morning fog, General Howe initiated his plan of attack at 5:00 a.m. on September 11, pushing against the American center at Chads's Ford with part of his army while the bulk of his command swung around Washington's exposed right flank to deliver his coup de main, destroy the Patriots, and march on Philadelphia. Warned of Howe's flanking attack just in time, American generals turned their divisions to face the threat. The bitter fighting on Birmingham Hill drove the Americans from the field, but their heroic defensive stand saved Washington's army from destruction and proved that the nascent Continental foot soldiers could stand toe-to-toe with their foe. Although further fighting would follow, Philadelphia fell to Howe's legions on the 26th of September.
Celebrating The Yorkshire Dales
The Yorkshire Dales, in northern England, combines river valleys, hills and historic settlements. Still largely rural, with farming being a way of life for generations, many are drawn to visit its beautiful landscape. Yet, its archaeology reveals more turbulent times and a history that includes battles, iron age forts and epic railway disputes. More recently, festival and village shows are a focal point of the calendar - including the cuckoo and 1940s festivals and the hustle and bustle of livestock auctions. Dalesbred and other sheep varieties are revered across the world and notable businesses and industries include wool production, knitting, cheese making and black marble production. Pubs characterise the Dales, some in remote high locations, quoits is played locally and traditional music flourishes. Celebrating The Yorkshire Dales chronicles the proud heritage of the Dales, their important moments and what draws so many to this beautiful area today. Illustrated throughout, this fascinating book offers a marvellous and refreshingly positive insight into The Yorkshire Dales’ rich heritage, their special places, people and events, past and present. Celebrating The Yorkshire Dales will be a valuable contribution to the history of this area and provide a source of many memories to those who have known it well over the years.
Founder of Sandhurst, Maj-Gen John Le Marchant
John Gaspard Le Marchant (1766–1812) was no ordinary soldier. Born to a Guernsey father and a French mother, he rose from modest beginnings to become one of Britain’s most brilliant cavalry officers and a visionary reformer. Yet today, his name is all but forgotten. A gifted swordsman, Le Marchant revolutionised cavalry training. Appalled by the poor standard of swordsmanship in the British Army, he designed a new cavalry sabre, wrote the definitive manual on sword fighting, and personally trained regiments across the country. But his most enduring legacy came in 1801, when his audacious plan for a professional officer training academy won royal approval. From that vision was born the Royal Military College – the foundation of what is now the world-renowned Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. On the battlefield, his courage was unmatched. Fighting alongside Wellington in the Peninsular War, Le Marchant led one of the most devastating cavalry charges of the Napoleonic era at Salamanca. Victory came at the ultimate cost: his life, cut short at just forty-six. This book tells the remarkable story of a man whose innovations reshaped the British Army and whose legacy still endures. It is a long-overdue recognition of a forgotten hero of military history.
Sphinx
What was the Sphinx for, and what is the Sphin? he Sphinx's body is not a lion, but another creature. The head was re-carved, and the Pharaoh's face cannow be identified. There is a burial chamber inserted beneath the waist ofthe Sphinx. 280 years' worth of published accounts of eyewitnesses who saw the chamber, all of them published herein full, prove its existence. It was sealed with cement in 1926. The story of the Middle Kingdom pharaoh who uncoveredthe Sphinx was still being told by the locals in 1482, asrecorded by a Dutch visitor. This is the longest recorded survivalof folklore in world history, a tale which survived with its essentialfacts intact for three thousand years. The Nile in ancient times lapped near the feet of the Sphinx,and the Sphinx was like an island surrounded by waterfilling 'the Sphinx Pit' where it sits now. The photographicevidence of sluices for controlling the inflow of the waterare published. The water erosion is fully explained. Evidence published here proves that the Sphinx is part of aunified design with the three main pyramids of Giza. It was'the guardian' of Giza. The three pyramids and the Sphinxwere all conceived as a single complex. The Sphinx was originally a crouching figure of the doggod Anubis, traditionally the guardian of the dead in ancientEgypt. Every published account of the Sphinx from Roman timesto 1837 is published in the back of the book, most translatedfrom foreign languages. These were collected over manyyears and are now gathered into one place. The Sphinx was part of a sacred resurrection cult basedupon the rising sun at the equinox.
Portsmouth: A Potted History
Portsmouth is primarily known for its long-term association with the Royal Navy, the naval dockyard at one time the world’s largest employer of a civilian workforce. Yet there is much more to Portsmouth than being home to Britain’s Senior Service. In this book, Portsmouth’s Roman and Saxon origins on Portsea Island are traced leading to its rapid growth from the 12th century onwards as a merchant township specialising in overseas trade. The book describes how its naval and military connections have significantly influenced the way the future city was to develop and also examines how Portsmouth and its people adapted to its long-term conversion into a military-industrial stronghold designed for the defence of the nation, and which suffered severe damage in the Second World War. Alongside, this the growth of modern metropolitan Portsmouth is described, building the services and other industries that make today’s diverse city.Illustrated throughout, this accessible historical portrait of the transformation that Portsmouth has undergone through the ages will be of great interest to residents, visitors and all those with links to the city.
Standing Tall
“What an amazing opportunity! Standing Tall allows us to learn about leadership from a true American hero.” — Mike Krzyzewski, former Head Coach, Duke University and USA Olympic Gold Medal basketball teams. Finalist, 2022 Army Historical Foundation Distinguished Writing Awards_x000D__x000D_Robert Foley had only been in Vietnam for six months when he was promoted to captain and given command of a rifle company. In November 1966, Foley led his men on a mission to rescue another company that had been pinned down by Viet Cong forces. His leadership that day inspired his men and led to a successful operation—and the Medal of Honor. His actions in Vietnam were only a small portion of a long and varied career of service in the US Army, but Foley did not always seem marked for success. Coming from a blue-collar suburb of Boston, his years in West Point were marked by poor grades, injuries, and sickness. With a determination to lead by example and inspire trust among others, Foley served across the globe and rose through the ranks. He even returned to West Point as Commandant of Cadets, later retiring as a 3-star general and commander of Fifth Army.
Liverpool Shopfronts Through Time
Liverpool’s growth and prosperity throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was reflected in the rise of its shops as much as any other aspect of city life. In this book, local historian Daniel K. Longman compares historic images of commercial premises throughout Liverpool with their modern-day counterparts. These pictures reveal an intriguing history of shops across the city and offers a fascinating insight into changing architectural styles and fashions through the decades. These comparisons reveal a rich heritage of traditional architraves, elaborate lettering, and ornate doorways, alongside an aesthetic movement towards somewhat more simpler styles, minimalism, and modernisation. This book also reveals how much of Liverpool’s built heritage has survived despite extensive changes in this nostalgic look back at some of the city’s most interesting and impressive shopping destinations. This enthralling selection of old and new images of Liverpool shop fronts shows how our shops reflect the changing lifestyles of people through the years as well as the changing architectural face of the city. It will be essential reading for all those who are interested in the history of Liverpool and surrounding area.
Saving Byzantium
In this compelling, readable and revisionist book, historian Laura Bolick makes a powerful case that the fall of Constantinople, which marked the end of the ancient Roman and Byzantine Empire, was not inevitable, as most historians have argued. Basing her opinion on the activities of two significant Byzantine officials, Iohannes Bessarion and Isidore of Kiev, Laura Bolick analyses the efforts that they made to galvanise the Roman Catholic west into forming a crusade that would defend Constantinople from the encroaching Ottoman Turks.As the book shows, the Byzantine emissaries faced formidable obstacles, notably the strong divisions between Roman Catholic Christianity in the West and Orthodox Christianity in the east. They also had to navigate mutual suspicion and indifference. The book charts their continuing efforts to surmount the difficulties in order to promote a spiritual, cultural, political and military alliance against the Ottomans.Although Constantinople would eventually fall, this book provides a new insight into this momentous period of history and one that is sure to stimulate renewed interest and discussion.
A History of British Hospitality
Peter Cox and Peter Robinson invite you to explore the rich and diverse history of the British hospitality industry from the earliest Roman establishments to the refined hotels of today. They illustrate how historical events, cultural shifts, and technological advancements have continually reshaped our hospitality experiences.Beginning in ancient times, when the Romans introduced public lodging and communal bathing to Britain, the book sets the stage for future hospitality services. It explores medieval and Tudor hospitality, where monasteries and manor houses were essential in providing shelter and sustenance. The Industrial Revolution brought new culinary traditions and the emergence of coaching inns and railway hotels, transforming travel and accommodation. European influences introduced novel cuisines and service styles, raising the standards of British hospitality, while iconic establishments such as The Ritz and The Savoy set new benchmarks for luxury and service.Each chapter of this book provides a glimpse into different eras of this multifaceted industry, weaving together stories of tradition, innovation, and the timeless human desire for connection and comfort. Richly illustrated and carefully researched, this book celebrates the British hospitality industry in all its glory.
Dynasties
''Dynasties'' provides an overview of the history of the aristocracy in England from the Saxon period to the present: as feudal vassals; Tudor and Stuart courtiers; Georgian and Victorian magnates; the decline and fall and then the rise of the noble families from the ashes as guardians of heritage. Sixteen noble families are examined in detail, including the Wellesleys of Stratfield Saye, the Cavendishes of Chatsworth, the Churchills of Blenheim Palace, the Grosvenors of Eaton Hall, the Spencers of Althorp, and the Herberts of Highclere Castle. Scanning just these six, is it is obvious their history is associated with some of the greatest names and most important events in English history: Waterloo, Winston Churchill and WW2 - and ''Downton Abbey''! Each chapter will give a lively account of the family’s place in history from their earliest rise to prominence to the present day. (All those families chosen to receive a devoted chapter persist into the 21st century). Those older families involved in medieval wars and court intrigues often have legends associated with their founding, as well as playing roles in controversial episodes in royal history. Beyond the political and constitutional context, ''Dynasties'' considers the local, familial, and personal stories associated with the families: love stories, tragedies and criminal behaviour; the poets, politicians, architects and artists produced by the ‘great families’, alongside the generals. remarkably, there is no guide to all the major families available in print with this approach. ''Burke''s Peerage'' it is not.
A-Z of the Forest of Dean
With its own traditions and strong sense of identity and independence, the Forest of Dean appears as a separate, almost secret, part of Gloucestershire. Some of its ancient history has only recently come to light, after lying hidden beneath the forest canopy for millennia, but its more recent past also evokes surprise and wonder. Local author David Elder takes the reader on an A-Z tour around the region’s history, uncovering the stories of its buildings, famous (and infamous) sons and daughters, natural features and fascinating old routes and thoroughfares. From its highest point, once known as Yarleton Hill, to the shores of its two vast rivers, we discover hidden places, many mentioned in the Domesday Book, characterful rocks and ancient trees. Alongside freeminers, rebel leaders, trades union rights campaigners, community doctors, composers, poets and pioneering metallurgists we find enterprising members of a family who gave their name to the household brand of a famous malted drink, and a wealthy merchant and, later, Lord Mayor of London immortalised in folklore.A-Z of the Forest of Dean reveals the history behind the area, its towns and villages, industries and the people connected with it. Alongside the famous historical connections, are unusual characters, tucked away places and unique events that are less well-known. It is fully illustrated with photography and will appeal to all those with an interest in this spectacular corner of England.
Quirky Bristol
Bristol has been one of England’s largest cities since it became a county in 1373. In the 17th century writers described Bristol as ‘a little London for merchants’ and it held its status as a major port from the Middle Ages. Yet despite its mercantile wealth Bristol has been called paradoxical and down the years the quirks have shone through. Not least is why Bristol was ever successful as a port in the first place. Inland on a river with a dangerous bend, it has a tidal rise and fall that is the second greatest of any in the world, which left ships stranded in mud for several hours of the day. In Quirky Bristol author Cynthia Stiles delves into lesser known but fascinating tales from Bristol’s past. In this book, readers will find stories of ‘diamonds’ and rare plants found in the Avon Gorge, architectural oddities, early medical practices and practitioners in the city, the 19th century craze of pedestrianism, the famous Bristol Milk and Bristol Cream and much, much more.Quirky Bristol celebrates the unusual and often strange history of Bristol and its characters over the years. This fascinating insight into Bristol will be of interest to all those who want to know more about the city’s quirky history.
The Arboretum
Trees have been described as ‘the lungs of the planet’ because of their ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen. They are valued for the many useful products they can provide including timber, resins, fruits and nuts. However, many people feel a strong connection to trees which goes beyond considerations of their ecological and economic importance. Trees have featured in the ancient mythologies of mankind and continue to have an emotional resonance for us today.The Arboretum looks at the development and social history of tree collections, from that of the female Pharaoh Hatshepsut of Egypt, who imported incense trees from the land of Punt, to those of the early public parks of the nineteenth century as well as private collections. Illustrated with vintage postcards, paintings and photographs showing examples of arboreta in the United Kingdom and beyond, this is a celebration of the majesty of trees and the joy they can bring us.
Glasgow in Photographs
Glasgow, Scotland’s largest city, has long been an important cultural and trading centre. Its historic university and the wealth generated by the Atlantic trade, followed by massive industrial expansion, has left a legacy that can be seen in the fabric of Glasgow today. It was one of the first cities in Europe to reach a population of one million and became one of the largest cities in the British Empire. The 1930s Great Depression hit Glasgow hard and after the Second World War, Glasgow underwent a massive rehousing and urban renewal programme, moving many people to the periphery of Glasgow. Since the 1980s, Glasgow has redefined itself, drawing many back into the city.In this book photographer David Collie celebrates today’s face of Glasgow in a collection of stunning images which portray not just the new buildings that characterise the modern city, but also how the how the older Glasgow also survives alongside them, many turned into new uses, to create this unique vibrant city which displays its creativity often on its streets. For all those who are proud to live and work in Glasgow, as well as those visiting, this book is a must. Look through these photographs and you will quickly see the special fascination of this changing city.
V kategórii populárno - náučné encyklopédie nájdete široký výber kníh, ktoré vám poskytnú poznatky z rôznych oblastí zaujímavým a zrozumiteľným spôsobom. Encyklopédie vám pomôžu získať komplexný prehľad o rôznych témach, ako ľudské telo a človek, príroda, vesmír, veda a technika a história.
Naša ponuka encyklopédií populárno-náučného charakteru vám umožní objaviť fascinujúci svet poznania a rozšíriť svoje vedomosti o rôznych témach.
