Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné strana 55 z 152
História 
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Vesmír, veda a technika 
Ľudské telo, človek 
Encyklopédie - ostatné
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“The Bolshevik Revolution Had Descended on Me” Madeleine Z. Doty’s Russian Revolution
In 1917—that is, in the midst of the First World War—Madeleine Z. Doty, a feminist, lawyer, prison reformer, peace activist, and journalist, was commissioned by the magazine Good Housekeeping to travel "around the world" to get a view “behind the battle line” of how people on the home front, especially women, were responding to the war. Traveling on the Trans-Siberian Railway from China, Doty crossed the border into Russia just days after the Bolshevik Revolution had begun. She meant it literally when she declared in her account of these travels, Behind the Battle Line: Around the World in 1918: “The Bolshevik Revolution had descended on me.”
Beyond Emancipation
Explores how African American literary representations of maroons in the decade leading up to the Civil War complicate conventional narratives and geographies of slavery and freedom in the United States. Beyond Emancipation revisits classic works of nineteenth-century American literature, especially by Black writers, to uncover a hidden history of maroons-enslaved people who ran away but remained hidden in the South. Sean Gerrity argues that literary depictions of "small acts" of marronage reveal an expanded sense of what freedom might look like and where and when it might occur. While taking care not to romanticize historical realities, Gerrity vividly shows how works by Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs, and Martin Delany gesture toward possibilities for Black freedom-making beyond legal emancipation, liberalism, and the white abolitionist literary tradition passed down from Harriet Beecher Stowe. While Beyond Emancipation focuses on texts produced during the brief period between the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and the Civil War, the book's range of reference and implications are broad, unsettling still dominant ideas and engaging pressing questions in literary criticism, history, geography, and Black studies.
Intellectual Property
The first in-depth account of the lives and careers of educated slaves and freedmen in ancient RomeSlaves and freedmen played an important yet understudied role in the literary culture of the Roman Republic. Though their work went largely uncredited, they fulfilled vital roles as editors, researchers, and collaborators in the service of Rome’s literary and political elite. Intellectual Property tells the stories of these gifted and highly educated young men, from Licinius the flute-player, who shaped the rhetorical style of the orator Gaius Gracchus, to the grammarian and teacher Tyrannio of Amisus, who was brought to Rome as a war captive. Highlighting the unique social prestige of literary production and intellectual performance in a society pervaded by slave labor, Harriet Flower shows how the exorbitant prices paid for the highly educated encouraged a complex system of training young boys for the marketplace or acquiring educated captives as booty, and how they were treated as valuable assets to be deployed as prizes, gifts, or investments that could bestow financial and cultural capital. She demonstrates how enslaved and manumitted intellectuals, far from being menial workers, shared close relationships with leading Romans of the day. They came from a variety of backgrounds and were relied on as coauthors and collaborators in a range of genres, with some gaining fame as authors themselves. With lively case studies and insightful new interpretations of the ancient sources, Intellectual Property paints a more nuanced picture of enslaved labor in ancient Rome, revealing how the contributions of enslaved intellectuals were closely linked to the ambitious development of Latin literary culture and the dissemination of knowledge.
Red America
Historians of immigration and ethnicity in the United States have typically devoted little attention to Greek Americans, while popular narratives depict them as indifferent or hostile to political and social radicalism. From acclaimed historian Kostis Karpozilos, Red America provides an alternative narrative of the Greek American experience. Focusing on the history of the Greek American Left from the beginning of the twentieth century to the Cold War, this volume uncovers the threads that bound notions of radical social change to everyday immigrant life, tracing ethnic radicalism from the boundaries of a specific community to the epicenter of American social and political history.
Ruční palné zbraně
USA se přes skromné začátky rychle staly progresivním lídrem ve vývoji a produkci ručních palných zbraní. Mnohé z nich dosáhly až kultovního statusu a na první pohled je pozná i leckterý laik – kdo by nikdy neslyšel výraz „kolt“ jako hovorové označení pro libovolný revolver, vůbec neznal řadu nadčasových útočných pušek M16 nebo si v souvislosti s gangstery éry prohibice nevybavil ikonický samopal Thompson? Encyklopedie podrobně přibližuje celkem 89 slavných i dávno zapomenutých konstrukcí způsobem, který neodradí znalce, ale je současně zcela přístupný i laikům.
Prozkoumejte všechny důležité ruční palné zbraně z arzenálu Ozbrojených sil USA!
The Candle and the Guillotine
As in a number of France’s major cities, civil war erupted in Lyon in the summer of 1793, ultimately leading to a siege of the city and a wave of mass executions. Using Lyon as a lens for understanding the politics of revolutionary France, this book reveals the widespread enthusiasm for judicial change in Lyon at the time of the Revolution, as well as the conflicts that ensued between elected magistrates in the face of radical democratization. Julie Patricia Johnson’s investigation of these developments during the bloodiest years of the Revolution offers powerful insights into the passions and the struggles of ordinary people during an extraordinary time.
John Brown in New York
An intimate narrative of John Brown and his family in the Adirondack Mountains. With passion and sound scholarship, Sandra Weber introduces a fresh and intimate portrayal of John Brown in his time and favorite place, the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York. This intertwining story of sublime scenery and human rights concentrates on John's relationships with his family and black neighbors, which brings forth the essence of the man: his inner self, moral fiber, and principles. Weber reveals a vital piece of the John Brown story. It creates a conduit through which to reconcile the poor pioneer farmer, family patriarch, preacher, and devoted friend of blacks with John Brown's public persona.
A Sad Fiasco
Only in recent years has the history of European colonial concentration camps in Africa—in which thousands of prisoners died in appalling conditions—become widely known beyond a handful of specialists. Although they preceded the Third Reich by many decades, the camps’ newfound notoriety has led many to ask to what extent they anticipated the horrors of the Holocaust. Were they designed for mass killing, a misbegotten attempt at modernization, or something else entirely? A Sad Fiasco confronts this difficult question head-on, reconstructing the actions of colonial officials in both British South Africa and German South-West Africa as well as the experiences of internees to explore both the similarities and the divergences between the African camps and their Nazi-era successors.
Australia
In this Very Short Introduction Kenneth Morgan provides a wide-ranging and thematic introduction to modern Australia. He examines the main features of its history, geography, and culture since the beginning of the white settlement in New South Wales in 1788. Drawing attention to the distinctive features of Australian life he places contemporary developments in a historical perspective, highlighting the importance of Australia''s indigenous culture and making connections between Australia and the wider word. Balancing the successful growth of Australian institutions and democratic traditions, he considers the struggles that occurred in the making of modern Australia. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Bomber Crew Morale in WW2
During the Second World War, 125,000 aircrew served in RAF Bomber Command, of whom a staggering 55,573 were killed—about 44% of those who joined its ranks. Despite these odds, aircrews climbed into their aircraft night after night, facing near-certain death. How did they maintain morale in the face of such peri? AF High Command recognized the importance of morale but struggled to define it. Their efforts focused on discipline, providing reliable equipment, and strong leadership. However, the intrinsic qualities of the aircrews were also vital. The crews, composed of young, patriotic men, showed stoicism, resolve, and camaraderie. The individual actions of each crew member became critical to their survival, and they relied on one another, knowing that failure could mean death.Besides combat risks like flak and night fighters, airmen faced numerous dangers such as mechanical failure, lack of oxygen, fatigue, and accidents during take-off and landing. Even without enemy threats, flying was inherently risky.This work honours the bravery of Bomber Command’s men—those who survived and those whose lives were cut short—and reflects on their extraordinary courage in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds.
The Ancient Germans and Rome, AD 68 to 500
The Germanic nations of northern Europe resisted the Romans, forcing them to confine their empire within the heavily militarized Rhine and Danube frontiers. Despite fierce wars and repeated invasions, German tribes retained their independence until, in Late Antiquity, they surged forth to overrun and dismantle the Roman Empire itself.This collection of Greek and Latin sources gives accounts of ancient Germans beyond the northern frontiers of the Roman Empire written by those who were present at the time. These records include German service in the Roman army, the impact of civil war and the origin and development of later tribal groups. Chapters cover the Batavian Revolt (AD 69-70), the Marcomannic Wars of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius (AD 166-180), and later Rhine campaigns against the Alamanni. The final chapters cover the Migration Era, with the Germanic conquest of the Roman Empire, from the Gothic invasions to the Vandal capture of North Africa.This book is a valuable resource for ancient historians, classicists, archaeologists, and interested others, featuring events from the formation of the Rhine-Danube frontiers in the first century, to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century AD.
The German Wehrmacht
The German Wehrmacht: Equipment, Weapons, Uniforms and Insignia offers a highly illustrated record of the German soldier in the Second World War. Starting with the early victories in Poland in 1939 and concluding with the desperate final defences of 1945, this volume provides an in-depth visual exploration of the uniforms and insignia worn by the Wehrmacht at that time.Featuring over 300 rare and previously unpublished photographs, 50 of which are presented in full colour, this book showcases the full range of attire worn by German troops. From standard service dress and winter camouflage to armoured crew uniforms and protective gear, the volume covers it all, including headgear, rank insignia and battlefield equipment. Every image is accompanied by a detailed caption, bringing to life the appearance of soldiers of all ranks from privates and NCOs to generals, infantrymen, mountain troops, tank crews and assault gun operators.Beyond the visual documentation, the book offers a detailed analysis of how the German army meticulously developed its fighting force into a formidable war machine. It explores how different branches of the military were equipped across various theatres of war, from Europe and Russia to North Africa.Whether you''re a military historian, collector or enthusiast, The German Wehrmacht provides a unique and comprehensive look at the clothing, equipment and insignia that defined one of history’s most formidable fighting forces.
Hitler’s Fallschirmjager’s Daring Attack on the Italian Army Headquarters in 1943
On 3 September 1943, Italy surrendered to the Allies. This was an immediate threat to Germany’s southern flank and Hitler acted swiftly.As part of what was codenamed Operation Achse, on 8 September 1943 the 2. Fallschirmjäger Division was ordered into Rome to take control of the city, disarm those Italian units based there, and crush any resistance. However, the Italian Army headquarters in the nearby town of Monterotondo refused to surrender. The task of dealing with this outpost, as well as capturing the Chief of Staff of the Italian Army, General Mario Roatta, was handed to one battalion of German paratroopers, the II./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 6, commanded by Major Walter Gericke.Gericke’s men were dropped onto Monterotondo on 9 September. The paratroopers soon encountered fierce opposition from the Italian defenders. The latter stubbornly held out all day until the headquarters was finally captured.Three combat war correspondents had jumped with the Fallschirmjäger. Between them they took hundreds of photographs, most of which had never been seen in print before. Drawing on their reports and first-hand accounts from those involved in the fighting, a vivid and comprehensive picture of the battle has been constructed.Each of the main actions in the battle for the town is described. These included the battles for Monterotondo’s railway station, the Santa Maria stadium and the Osteria del Grillo, the Capuchin Convent, and culminating in the desperate struggle and eventual capture of the Italian headquarters at the Orsini Palace.The book also includes analysis of losses on both sides, biographies of the main commanders and the original plan of what was considered to be the ‘perfect’ drop. Despite the success of Major Gericke’s battalion, it would prove to be one of the last airborne landings undertaken by Hitler’s Fallschirmjäger in the Second World War.
The Siege of Mariupol
On 24 February 2022, the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, unleashed an attack on Ukraine that has developed into the most significant war in Europe since the Second World War. The opening phase of this war was when Russian armour, along with mechanized and airmobile troops, advanced on Kyiv, surrounded Chernihiv, seized Kherson twice, and threatened the very existence of the Ukrainian state.The Siege of Mariupol tells the story of the heroic resistance of the Ukrainians in defending the areas in and around the large coastal city of Mariupol. Situated in the Donetsk Oblast, Mariupol was one of the initial objectives of the Russian offensive.By 2 March, Putin’s forces had surrounded the city and a fierce struggle ensued, in which Russian artillery bombarded Mariupol resulting in heavy civilian casualties. Conditions in the city rapidly deteriorated as water and electricity supplies were cut and food shortages became severe. The 700,000 inhabitants faced a devastating and growing humanitarian crisis as the siege continued for week after week. Repeated attempts to evacuate the civilians failed, until 15 March when just 20,000 people were able to escape.Week after week the bitter fighting raged on. Towards the end, however, it was the events at the Azovstal Iron and Steel Works that, to the whole world, came to define the dogged and determined Ukrainian defence. The plant became the heart of one of the main remaining pockets of resistance in Mariupol. Fiercely defended, it was described as a ‘fortress within a city’.The siege lasted until 20 May with the Russians finally taking control of the city. This book was written as the conflict ensued, giving it an unparalleled immediacy and poignancy. The Siege of Mariupol is an important historical document depicting the uncertainty and anxiety faced by the contesting forces and by the rest of the world as the war in Ukraine hung in the balance.
The Munitionettes
The Munitionettes focuses on the lives of a special group of women and girls in the lead-up to and during the First World War. It is, in part, the social history of the hundreds of thousands of forgotten heroines who also became known as the Canary Girls and endeavours to highlight these women’s essential input in support of the armed forces during the First World War, which has largely been overlooked.Here, you will find descriptions of the experiences of young women in the specifically built munition factories in their own words as they speak to us from history. It looks at working practices and the place of women in society, all of which are utterly alien in today’s world. The book focuses on the many hardships, sacrifices, injuries and the kind of working conditions these women endured against a background of prejudice and suspicion in this truly male-dominated world. It illustrates that even without encouragement and very little support from society in general, the women gave of themselves for their country.The book also shows how women workers gained respect for themselves for a brief period after the First World War; however short-lived this period was, it was the beginning of change for all women.
A History of Police Firearms Units
The role of the police firearms officers is possibly one of the most thankless jobs there is in a non-military environment. Home Office figures for March 2022 to March 2023 show there were 6,038 police officers throughout England and Wales who were authorised to carry firearms for operational purposes, out of a total of 149,572 officers overall - the culmination of a four-year decline in firearms officers, from a peak of 6,621 in March 2019.Being a firearms officer carries a kudos in policing, although why this is the case is not absolutely clear, especially when considering the real risk of either being shot dead, shooting somebody and being charged with their murder, or not shooting somebody and it resulting in the death of a colleague or a member of the public.In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the police''s use of firearms was far removed from what it is today. Nominated officers were allowed to draw firearms on an ''as and when'' basis, and would undertake firing practice on only a few occasions throughout the course of the year, with little or no thought or consideration given to tactical approaches to a particular scenario. However, the change in attitudes by senior officers to firearms can be traced back to the August 1966 murders of three Metropolitan police officers by two armed criminals close to Wormwood Scrubs prison, in west London.This book looks at the history of police firearms units, which started to be formed in the immediate aftermath of the 1966 killings, and how they have subsequently evolved, improving in the selection of suitable officers, along with the weaponry and equipment used and the training provided to the officers who volunteer for this extremely dangerous and stressful role.
Life in the Medieval Town
An original work of social history focusing on numerous fascinating aspects of life in an English town in the late Middle Ages.Welcome to a world which ordered people not to leave their homes after nightfall and not to let their pigs wander the streets, where butchers who sold bad meat to the public were locked into a pillory with the meat burning beneath them, and where dirt heaps, common scolds, and attempts to cure diseases with dead animal flesh were a normal part of life. Were medieval towns really as filthy as we might think? If not, how did people wash themselves and their clothes? What did being drawn on the hurdle mean? What did people eat, and where did they buy it? What happened to criminals? Did women work outside the home, and if so, in which professions? What were people’s houses like? How did they entertain themselves? How much did they earn, and how much did things cost? What kind of medical treatment was available? Did people travel to other towns, and if so, how did they get there?
Downfall of the Templars
The Knights Templar were brutally crushed in the year 1307 by order of the King of France and the Pope. We still struggle to understand why this order of holy warriors was annihilated after years of courageous service in the Crusades. However, the investigation detailed here reveals the links between the trials of the Templars and the witch hunt mania that was about to grip Europe for three hundred years. Their downfall foreshadowed a dark phase in our history.The knights were accused of horrific crimes that included spitting on the crucifix of Jesus, worshipping a demonic head, and engaging in secret rituals that disgusted medieval Christians. Heresy and sodomy were the two main charges levelled at the Templars. Were they framed or was there a germ of truth in the allegation? or centuries, people have wondered what happened to the fabled treasure of the Templars, including the Holy Grail. The clues are examined to find out exactly what this treasure was and where it may have ended up.The most common question asked about the Knights Templar is: do they still exist today? This book introduces you to those who claim to be the inheritors of the Templar legacy. Is it possible that the knights survived and endured to the present day?
Flying Through a Nuclear Cloud
Flying Though a Nuclear Cloud is the unusual story of a frontline navigator who flew on Canberra, Shackleton and F4 Phantom squadrons between 1954 and 1974. It also reveals his involvement with nuclear weapon testing in 1956 and 1958. It was during his time on Canberras that, in 1955, volunteers were called for ‘An Interesting Overseas Tour’. Robin Adams put his hand up. The task was to collect samples resulting from nuclear explosions. This, however, was only revealed to the volunteers after they had arrived in Australia.On 19 June 1956 that Robin, then the navigator of Canberra WH976, took off from the RAAF Perth. Along with his pilot, Robin was about to be involved in the second and final nuclear test under Operation Mosaic – both explosions taking place at the Montebello Islands.In 1957 Robin joined Coastal Command flying the Avro Shackleton. After this interlude, a year later he was back nuclear testing. This time it was at Christmas Island in the Pacific, with the awesome megaton H bombs of Operation Grapple Z. His task was to collect weather data and clear shipping from the potential danger areas. From 1963-1966 Robin was on 31 Squadron which, equipped with Canberra PR.7s, was stationed in Germany and tasked with day and night low-level photo reconnaissance. It was during this time that he was involved in a serious aircraft accident following a single engine approach at night.By 1969 the front-line days were over for the Canberra, and Robin was posted onto the F4 Phantom as a Flight Commander on 14 Squadron. The squadron''s primary role was all-weather tactical nuclear weapon delivery to targets in East Germany, secondary roles being ground attack and air defence. Crews stood Quick Reaction Alert for twenty-four hour stretches, twice a month, in a hut, with a nuclear weapon loaded on the aircraft parked outside. Robin’s nuclear journey had gone full circle.
V kategórii populárno - náučné encyklopédie nájdete široký výber kníh, ktoré vám poskytnú poznatky z rôznych oblastí zaujímavým a zrozumiteľným spôsobom. Encyklopédie vám pomôžu získať komplexný prehľad o rôznych témach, ako ľudské telo a človek, príroda, vesmír, veda a technika a história.
Naša ponuka encyklopédií populárno-náučného charakteru vám umožní objaviť fascinujúci svet poznania a rozšíriť svoje vedomosti o rôznych témach.
