Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné strana 59 z 152
História 
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Encyklopédie - ostatné
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Rescue and Flight
When Susan Elisabeth Subak discovered that members of the Unitarian Church had helped her Jewish father immigrate to the United States, she was unaware of the broader impact the organization had made during World War II. Then, through years of research, Subak uncovered the little-known story of the Unitarian Service Committee, which rescued European refugees during World War II, and the remarkable individuals who made it happen. Rescue and Flight is the story of the Unitarian Service Committee, one of the few American organizations committed to helping refugees during World War II. The staff who ran the committee assisted those endangered by the Nazi regime, from famous writers and artists to the average citizen. Part of a larger network of American relief workers, the Unitarian Service Committee helped refugees negotiate the official and legal channels of escape and, when those methods failed, the more complex underground channels. From their offices in Portugal and southern France they created escape routes through Europe to the United States, South America, and England and rescued thousands, often at great personal risk.
Three Roads to Gettysburg
Three Roads to Gettysburg shows how the seemingly unbeatable Robert E. Lee was defeated by a quiet, unassuming Union general named George Meade, a man who never wanted to be a soldier, and was selected by Lincoln over more obvious candidates. This briskly-paced narrative covers the three days of combat at Gettysburg, portraying how Meade and Lee made crucial decisions and guided their armies in this epic clash. At last, McGrath brings light to the story of George Meade, one of the most significant yet overlooked generals in American history. Three Roads to Gettysburg is the definitive, untold history of those four days at Gettysburg and a tribute to the unlikely character who would achieve the Civil War''s most famous victory.
Maria Theresa
A major new biography of the iconic Austrian empress that challenges the many myths about her life and ruleMaria Theresa (1717–1780) was once the most powerful woman in Europe. At the age of twenty-three, she ascended to the throne of the Habsburg Empire, a far-flung realm composed of diverse ethnicities and languages, beset on all sides by enemies and rivals. Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger provides the definitive biography of Maria Theresa, situating this exceptional empress within her time while dispelling the myths surrounding her. Drawing on a wealth of archival evidence, Stollberg-Rilinger examines all facets of eighteenth-century society, from piety and patronage to sexuality and childcare, ceremonial life at court, diplomacy, and the everyday indignities of warfare. She challenges the idealized image of Maria Theresa as an enlightened reformer and mother of her lands who embodied both feminine beauty and virile bellicosity, showing how she despised the ideas of the Enlightenment, treated her children with relentless austerity, and mercilessly persecuted Protestants and Jews. Work, consistent physical and mental discipline, and fear of God were the principles Maria Theresa lived by, and she demanded the same from her family, her court, and her subjects. A panoramic work of scholarship that brings Europe's age of empire spectacularly to life, Maria Theresa paints an unforgettable portrait of the uncompromising yet singularly charismatic woman who left her enduring mark on the era in which she lived and reigned.
Fighting Fifteen
David McCampbell finally achieved his dream of active flight command when he was assigned to lead Fighter Squadron 15. But he had no idea what was really in store for him. With dizzying stakes, McCampbell and his men would ultimately help bring an end to the Pacific War. But when the squadron was established in 1943, most of its men were completely new to aerial combat. It was a shaky start for Air Group 15, with a string of deadly training crashes and an uncertain future. However, by the time the squadron formally entered World War II with a series of pulse-pounding island strikes, they were ready. Nicknamed ''Satan''s Playmates,'' during six critical months of combat, the squadron destroyed a record-setting 660 enemy planes across air and ground. Twenty six of the men-some barely out of their teenage years-would eventually become aces, ascending to an elite group of pilots and stamping their names in the history books. Expert military historian Stephen L. Moore places readers in the heart of the action, waiting with baited breath as pilots attempt to narrowly escape the clutches of the Japanese.
The Armies of the French Revolution
The Revolutionary period was marked by upheaval for France and its army. The early Republic’s military comprised former Royal Army members and revolutionary volunteers, reflecting diversity in their uniforms. Despite the chaos, records were meticulously maintained, and Paul L. Dawson examined thousands of documents from the Service Historique Armée du Terre in Paris to detail the uniforms worn before Napoleon’s rise.Soldiers’ clothing followed strict regulations, with each item assigned a specific lifespan. Regular inspections assessed uniform conditions, and unserviceable items were returned and replaced. Repairs were logged, and soldiers bore the costs of replacements. A regiment’s clothing officer managed equipment purchases for enlisted men, while officers supplied their own uniforms. The regimental council ensured purchases met quality standards, recorded in a Register of Uniforms.Inspection returns and registers provide unprecedented insights into Revolutionary army uniforms, much of which was previously unpublished. Though not all regiments’ data were found, Dawson’s research offers the most accurate depiction to date. His book combines detailed records with illustrations and photographs of rare surviving items, giving readers a unique visual and historical perspective on soldiers’ appearances during this transformative era.
Dissenting Forces
A history of enslaved people and abolitionists who fought racism on college campuses and reimagined higher learningSince their inception in North America, universities have had symbiotic ties to racial slavery and settler colonialism and were incubators of racist thought. In Dissenting Forces, Michael E. Jirik offers a comprehensive study of an underrepresented history: the rise and development of Black thought and abolitionist resistance in American universities. Jirik offers a rich scope of abolitionist protests at colleges, demonstrating how enslaved people, Black abolitionists, and student abolitionists resisted enslavement and racism within, and on the boundaries of, college campuses for centuries. Studying their history and experiences, Black people used intellectual work to advance their struggle for liberation. With the advent of a transformed abolition movement after 1830, Black and white student abolitionists intellectually fought colonizationists on campus to shape arguments for Black freedom and intellectuality that challenged dominant white-supremacist ideologies. In turn, they created a student movement for Black freedom and human equality, making demands for admissions into colleges, and creating the earliest Black colleges in the United States. Demonstrating the ways Black people have resisted racism and forms of oppression in higher learning, Dissenting Forces sheds new light on the significance of Black self-determination and the continuity of Black knowledge traditions committed to creating a different world. Collectively, they developed an idea of Black education's liberatory potential.
Let My Country Awake
On the eve of World War I, a band of Indian immigrants living in the United States hatched an audacious plan to liberate their homeland from British colonial rule. Founded by a group of student radicals at UC Berkeley, the Ghadar Movement mounted one of the most significant challenges to the British Raj before the rise of the Indian National Congress under Gandhi - but unlike the INC, the Ghadar Movement advocated for a violent insurrection against colonial rule. From its bases on the West Coast of the US and Canada, the movement recruited thousands of supporters via its underground newspaper and sent hundreds of freedom fighters across the Pacific in an attempt to smuggle guns and seditious literature into India - an effort abetted by spies working for the German government, who were keen to undermine a wartime adversary. All the while, the Ghadar Movement was tracked by Britain’s intelligence service, which eventually convinced the US government to crack down. The result was one of the most complex trials to date, culminating in a courtroom gun battle that shocked the nation. Scott Miller’s Let My Country Awake is the first book to tell the story of this overlooked moment in Indian, and American, history - one that offers a new perspective on anticolonial struggle in the twentieth century.
Brewing in Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire’s rich history of brewing is perhaps no surprise as it has long produced huge quantities of barley, a key ingredient in beer. Many of the breweries and the families who ran them have intriguing backgrounds, including deceit, tragedy and misfortune – but there’s also inspiration, humour and good luck, as well as some great beer along the way. The county’s brewing heritage is also brought right up to date with the inclusion of some new craft breweries. Whether you want to know more about the history of your local pint, delve into the breweries of the past or are curious about ultra-modern microbreweries, there’s something for everyone in this book.Adam Cartwright unravels the stories of eight of Lincolnshire’s brewing firms in this well-researched account featuring over 100 fascinating images.
A-Z of Rotherham
Medieval Rotherham was a prosperous market town in the West Riding of Yorkshire with a large minster and a theological college. In later centuries its traditional industries of flour making and glass making were supplemented by coal mining and iron and steel manufacturing, its continuing wealth and importance shown by the construction of Wentworth Woodhouse mansion and Boston Castle. In recent decades the decline of these industries has seen Rotherham attract new industries although the town was badly affected by flooding in 2007.In A-Z of Rotherham local author James Barker reveals the history behind Rotherham, its streets and buildings, industries and the people connected with the town. Alongside the famous historical associations, he includes some unusual characters, tucked away places and unique events that are less well-known. Readers will discover tales of famous residents such as the Chuckle Brothers and Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers, its twinned towns such as Saint-Quentin in France, the Roman Fort at Templeborough, the granting of the freedom of the borough to the Yorkshire Regiment among many other fascinating facts in this A-Z tour of Rotherham’s history. It is fully illustrated with photography and will appeal to all those with an interest in this historic Yorkshire town.
Civil Blood
Civil Blood is a study of the practice of vendetta among the civic elites in sixteenth-century Italy and illustrates the complex and integral role that vendetta violence played in civic life and state formation on the winding path to state centralization. At many temporal, geographic, and political points in early modern Italy, vendetta appears to have not only disrupted but also constituted the processes by which the modern state emerged. Amanda G. Madden examines vendetta as both central to politics and as an engine of change and illustrates the degree to which key phenomena of the period - state centralization, growing bureaucracies, institutional reforms, and the process of state formation - were interpenetrated by, and not simply opposed to, ongoing factional violence among civic elites. Madden further illuminates in Civil Blood how elites utilized violent enmities to maintain a grip on political control and negotiated with the duke concerning political power and civic prerogatives. As a result, ruling elites not only defined their own place in governance but also shaped the function and definition of government.
Emlyn Hooson and the Welsh Liberal Party, 1962-1979
This study presents an analysis of the Welsh Liberal Party under the leadership of Emlyn Hooson. It begins with an overview of the period prior to Hooson’s 1962 by-election win in Montgomery, following the death of Clement Davies, and the first section describes Hooson’s leadership of the Liberal Party of Wales, his recognition that the organisation was fundamentally flawed and that it needed to be reorganised. The solution was a root and branch reorganisation and the formation of a new state party, which would be federated to the British Liberal Party but separate in its functions and leadership. The second section details Hooson’s steering of the party through chapters on the organisation, policy formation and the electoral record. The book comprises the first in-depth description of the Welsh Liberal Party during a tumultuous time in Welsh politics; recognising how current Welsh political historiography has sidelined the Welsh Liberals in favour of Plaid Cymru and Labour, it re-evaluates the Liberals’ position during the period and Hooson’s role.
Quirky Peterborough
Peterborough is a modern city with an ancient past. The settlement grew around the monastery founded by the Anglo-Saxons, which became an important abbey church in Norman England. The Industrial Revolution and the arrival of the railways transformed the market town of Peterborough to an industrial centre and Peterborough was further transformed in the 1960s and 1970s with a massive new building programme. From a past which includes Victorian election riots and a mythical black hell-hound, the modern, diverse city is one of the fastest growing areas of the country with a young population, and its success stories include a local boy who ended up working on the Hadron Collider and a self-made sweet manufacturer.Drawing on archive material as well as their own, extensive, local knowledge June and Vernon Bull present a fresh look at the city of Peterborough - from a slightly different angle – as they delve into lesser known but fascinating tales from the city’s past. Quirky Peterborough celebrates the unusual and often strange history of Peterborough and its characters over the years. This fascinating insight into Peterborough will be of interest to all those who want to know more about the city’s quirky history.
Monumental Times
This book is concerned with the origins, uses and subsequent histories of monuments. It emphasises the time scales illustrated by these structures, and their implications for archaeological research. It is concerned with the archaeology of Western and Northern Europe, with an emphasis on structures in Britain and Ireland, and the period between the Mesolithic and the Viking Age.It begins with two famous groups of monuments and introduces the problem of multiple time scales. It also considers how they influence the display of those sites today – they belong to both the present and the past. Monuments played a role from the moment they were created, but approaches to their archaeology led in opposite directions. They might have been directed to a future that their builders could not control. These structures could be adapted, destroyed, or left to decay once their significance was lost. Another perspective was to claim them as relics of a forgotten past. In that case they had to be reinterpreted.The first part of this book considers the rarity of monumental structures among hunter-gatherers, and the choice of building materials for Neolithic houses and tombs. It emphasises the difference between structures whose erection ended the use of significant places, and those whose histories could extend into the future. It also discusses ‘megalithic astronomy’ and ancient notions of time. Part Two is concerned with the reuse of ancient monuments and asks whether they really were expressions of social memory. Did links with an ‘ancestral past’ have much factual basis? It contrasts developments during the Beaker phase with those of the early medieval period. The development of monumental architecture is compared with the composition of oral literature.
50 Gems of County Durham
Stretching almost forty miles between the rivers Derwent, Tyne and Tees and contained roughly by the Pennines to the west and the North Sea on the east, County Durham has retained a unique sense of identity and independence. For many centuries it was indeed a place apart, a territorial buffer against invading Scots. A sense of belonging and collective pride was born there and continued afterwards in the close-knit communities of the region’s more recent industrial past. Encompassing three great rivers, the Tyne, Wear and Tees, it has a landscape of great contrast and variety, a dramatic coastline, rugged moorland, dales and fells and the historic city of Durham. As well as age old churches and castles, industrial monuments and museums, historic towns and villages, the region boasts world-class art and architecture and has a lively cultural scene. 50 Gems of County Durham explores the many places and their history that make this part of the country so special, including natural features, towns and villages, buildings and places of historical interest. Alongside justly famous attractions, others will be relatively unknown but all have an interesting story to tell.
Illustrated Tales of Hampshire
One of the largest and most populous counties in England, Hampshire has been continuously settled for around 14,000 years. As a result, the area is steeped in history and folklore. Illustrated Tales of Hampshire delves deep into the unsolved mysteries, mythology, strange stories and folklore of this ancient English county. It examines local traditions, folk medicine, and supernatural beings such as the Mermaid of Nately, the Highclere Grampus, as well as the several giants said to have once inhabited the county, and the time Spring Heel Jack terrorised Aldershot. There are unusual stories surrounding local personalities, such as the Nazi saboteur Dorothy O’Grady, the séances of Helen Duncan (the last person to be convicted of witchcraft), Dame Alice Lisle (the last person to be publicly beheaded), and the 1415 Southampton Plot conspirators. Notable tales of haunting and spectral apparitions abound, including the Duc de Stacpoole as Glasshayes House, the phantom monk of Netley Abbey, and the menagerie of ghostly beings at Beaulieu, and legends surround many of the local landscape features, such as the Gospel Oak, Bentworth Thorn and the many prehistoric hill forts, mounds and barrows.These strange and spooky stories are accompanied by illustrations of places featured in the text, both present-day and historical, in this hugely entertaining book.
Air Power and the Arab World 1909-1955 Volume 12
Volume 12 of the Air Power and the Arab World, 1909-1955 mini-series continues the story of the men and machines of the first half century of military aviation in the Arab world. It focuses upon combat operations during the period of the Palestine War from 1 September to 10 March 1949.By that time, in Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan and newly-independent Syria and Lebanon, major efforts had already been made to strengthen these countries? armed forces. Egypt, Iraq, and Syria launched all-out efforts to bolster their air forces, and threw these into combat. While most subsequent commentators and historians stress they had failed to perform, if appearing at all, closer investigation and the removal many of layers of propaganda that have obscured the realities of this first Arab-Israeli War, show that the Arab air forces performed much better than previously thought.Arguably, available aircraft, armament, spares, and personnel had their limitations and weaknesses, and these had also become apparent as the fighting intensified and losses began to mouth. However, information from both official and unofficial Arab sources - published and unpublished - leaves no doubt about the commitment and courageous efforts of almost everybody involved.Volume 12 of Air Power and the Arab World focusses on day-to-day events in the First Arab-Israeli War, in the air, at sea, and on the ground. It does so in remarkable detail thanks to access to previously unpublished official military documentation, supplemented by translations from publications in Arabic, containing both official and personal accounts by those involved. The most remarkable of these is the Operational Diary of the REAF?s Tactical Air Force based at el-Arish, in north-eastern Sinai.Air Power and the Arab World Volume 12 is illustrated by a rich collection of original period photographs - many of these never published before - and specially commissioned color illustrations.
Lost Dundee
Dundee’s official history as a burgh stretches back more than eight hundred years, though there is much evidence of settlement in the area long before that. The nineteenth century saw its expansion into a large industrial city. This began years of unprecedented change which have seen buildings, industries and ways of life come and go. Dundee suffered more than most cities in the mid-twentieth century drive for modernisation as not only long-established buildings but parts of the ancient street pattern were swept away in large scale demolitions in the 1960s and 1970s. At the same time, the city lost its natural connection with the River Tay as some of its docks were filled in to make way for the landfall of the Tay Road Bridge. More recently the city has sought to reconnect with the river and Dundee continues to evolve, adapting to new changes in lifestyles and ways of working. Lost Dundee presents a portrait of this corner of Scotland over the last century to recent decades that has radically changed or disappeared today, showing not only industries and buildings that have gone but also people and street scenes, many popular places of entertainment and much more. This fascinating photographic history of lost Dundee will appeal to all those who live in the area or know it well, as well as those who remember it from previous decades.
Warrington at War
By 1938 Warrington, like the rest of Britain, was preparing for war with Germany. From 1939 to 1945 every Warrington man, woman and child was affected by the Second World War whilst the wartime years also shaped the 21st century town. Of those called up to serve in the Armed Forces, many were killed, injured or suffered in captivity as Prisoners of War. Civil Defence Forces were formed to protect Warrington people and property from enemy attacks but all lived through the terror of German air raids. Thousands worked in local factories to produce essential goods, campaigns to Make Do and Mend and Dig For Victory exhorted people to support the war effort and all endured rationing and shortages. Wartime Warrington was the site of key installations including Risley Ordnance Factory, Padgate Camp for training RAF recruits and HMS Blackcap, a Royal Navy Air Station. American GIs from Burtonwood USAAF Airbase became a familiar sight about the town and the noise of engines were heard day and night. VE Day and VJ Day Celebrations marked the end of war but the impact on Warrington had been immense, the postwar New Town was partly created from acres of derelict land on the old wartime bases and Risley Ordnance Factory became a focus for Britain’s atomic development in the Cold War.Warrington at War pays tribute to the people of this town who served, died and lived through the Second World War, and how they managed to endure in the face of the horrors of war. It features contemporary archive material from the collections of Warrington Museum, fascinating stories from the town’s official archives as well as personal history collected by public appeals for wartime memories.
Cruelty
In a humane world, cruelty should not exist, and yet it has been a feature of our societies since time immemorial. From individual acts of cruelty to systematic torture and mass murder, cruelty has been humanity’s constant companion, attesting to a darker side of human nature. Cruelty involves the use of violence but it is more than this, since it is organized and calculated; its intention is to inflict pain and suffering on others, even to destroy the other. Cruelty is perhaps the ultimate form of violence in which the extermination of the other is staged as a threat in order to make others compliant or instil in them the fear of death. In this wide-ranging cultural history, Wolfgang Müller-Funk examines the ways in which different thinkers and authors – from Herodotus to Nietzsche, from Seneca to Musil and Koestler – have conceptualized and tried to make sense of a phenomenon we would prefer to ignore. He seeks to unveil the conditions under which an economy of cruelty emerges, in which violence is calculated and becomes a quasi-natural matter of course. The economy of cruelty involves the efficient use of means to pursue irrational goals. It also involves discourses and narrative patterns that legitimize organized violence and neutralize emotions, such as empathy and compassion, that would restrain or obstruct the pursuit of cruelty. This disturbing inquiry into the nature of cruelty and its role in human culture will be of interest to students and scholars throughout the humanities and to a wide general readership.
V kategórii populárno - náučné encyklopédie nájdete široký výber kníh, ktoré vám poskytnú poznatky z rôznych oblastí zaujímavým a zrozumiteľným spôsobom. Encyklopédie vám pomôžu získať komplexný prehľad o rôznych témach, ako ľudské telo a človek, príroda, vesmír, veda a technika a história.
Naša ponuka encyklopédií populárno-náučného charakteru vám umožní objaviť fascinujúci svet poznania a rozšíriť svoje vedomosti o rôznych témach.
