Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné strana 63 z 183
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Hitler’s Fallschirmjager’s Daring Attack on the Italian Army Headquarters in 1943
On 3 September 1943, Italy surrendered to the Allies. This was an immediate threat to Germany’s southern flank and Hitler acted swiftly.As part of what was codenamed Operation Achse, on 8 September 1943 the 2. Fallschirmjäger Division was ordered into Rome to take control of the city, disarm those Italian units based there, and crush any resistance. However, the Italian Army headquarters in the nearby town of Monterotondo refused to surrender. The task of dealing with this outpost, as well as capturing the Chief of Staff of the Italian Army, General Mario Roatta, was handed to one battalion of German paratroopers, the II./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 6, commanded by Major Walter Gericke.Gericke’s men were dropped onto Monterotondo on 9 September. The paratroopers soon encountered fierce opposition from the Italian defenders. The latter stubbornly held out all day until the headquarters was finally captured.Three combat war correspondents had jumped with the Fallschirmjäger. Between them they took hundreds of photographs, most of which had never been seen in print before. Drawing on their reports and first-hand accounts from those involved in the fighting, a vivid and comprehensive picture of the battle has been constructed.Each of the main actions in the battle for the town is described. These included the battles for Monterotondo’s railway station, the Santa Maria stadium and the Osteria del Grillo, the Capuchin Convent, and culminating in the desperate struggle and eventual capture of the Italian headquarters at the Orsini Palace.The book also includes analysis of losses on both sides, biographies of the main commanders and the original plan of what was considered to be the ‘perfect’ drop. Despite the success of Major Gericke’s battalion, it would prove to be one of the last airborne landings undertaken by Hitler’s Fallschirmjäger in the Second World War.
Downfall of the Templars
The Knights Templar were brutally crushed in the year 1307 by order of the King of France and the Pope. We still struggle to understand why this order of holy warriors was annihilated after years of courageous service in the Crusades. However, the investigation detailed here reveals the links between the trials of the Templars and the witch hunt mania that was about to grip Europe for three hundred years. Their downfall foreshadowed a dark phase in our history.The knights were accused of horrific crimes that included spitting on the crucifix of Jesus, worshipping a demonic head, and engaging in secret rituals that disgusted medieval Christians. Heresy and sodomy were the two main charges levelled at the Templars. Were they framed or was there a germ of truth in the allegation? or centuries, people have wondered what happened to the fabled treasure of the Templars, including the Holy Grail. The clues are examined to find out exactly what this treasure was and where it may have ended up.The most common question asked about the Knights Templar is: do they still exist today? This book introduces you to those who claim to be the inheritors of the Templar legacy. Is it possible that the knights survived and endured to the present day?
Flying Through a Nuclear Cloud
Flying Though a Nuclear Cloud is the unusual story of a frontline navigator who flew on Canberra, Shackleton and F4 Phantom squadrons between 1954 and 1974. It also reveals his involvement with nuclear weapon testing in 1956 and 1958. It was during his time on Canberras that, in 1955, volunteers were called for ‘An Interesting Overseas Tour’. Robin Adams put his hand up. The task was to collect samples resulting from nuclear explosions. This, however, was only revealed to the volunteers after they had arrived in Australia.On 19 June 1956 that Robin, then the navigator of Canberra WH976, took off from the RAAF Perth. Along with his pilot, Robin was about to be involved in the second and final nuclear test under Operation Mosaic – both explosions taking place at the Montebello Islands.In 1957 Robin joined Coastal Command flying the Avro Shackleton. After this interlude, a year later he was back nuclear testing. This time it was at Christmas Island in the Pacific, with the awesome megaton H bombs of Operation Grapple Z. His task was to collect weather data and clear shipping from the potential danger areas. From 1963-1966 Robin was on 31 Squadron which, equipped with Canberra PR.7s, was stationed in Germany and tasked with day and night low-level photo reconnaissance. It was during this time that he was involved in a serious aircraft accident following a single engine approach at night.By 1969 the front-line days were over for the Canberra, and Robin was posted onto the F4 Phantom as a Flight Commander on 14 Squadron. The squadron''s primary role was all-weather tactical nuclear weapon delivery to targets in East Germany, secondary roles being ground attack and air defence. Crews stood Quick Reaction Alert for twenty-four hour stretches, twice a month, in a hut, with a nuclear weapon loaded on the aircraft parked outside. Robin’s nuclear journey had gone full circle.
Bomber Crew Morale in WW2
During the Second World War, 125,000 aircrew served in RAF Bomber Command, of whom a staggering 55,573 were killed—about 44% of those who joined its ranks. Despite these odds, aircrews climbed into their aircraft night after night, facing near-certain death. How did they maintain morale in the face of such peri? AF High Command recognized the importance of morale but struggled to define it. Their efforts focused on discipline, providing reliable equipment, and strong leadership. However, the intrinsic qualities of the aircrews were also vital. The crews, composed of young, patriotic men, showed stoicism, resolve, and camaraderie. The individual actions of each crew member became critical to their survival, and they relied on one another, knowing that failure could mean death.Besides combat risks like flak and night fighters, airmen faced numerous dangers such as mechanical failure, lack of oxygen, fatigue, and accidents during take-off and landing. Even without enemy threats, flying was inherently risky.This work honours the bravery of Bomber Command’s men—those who survived and those whose lives were cut short—and reflects on their extraordinary courage in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds.
The Ancient Germans and Rome, AD 68 to 500
The Germanic nations of northern Europe resisted the Romans, forcing them to confine their empire within the heavily militarized Rhine and Danube frontiers. Despite fierce wars and repeated invasions, German tribes retained their independence until, in Late Antiquity, they surged forth to overrun and dismantle the Roman Empire itself.This collection of Greek and Latin sources gives accounts of ancient Germans beyond the northern frontiers of the Roman Empire written by those who were present at the time. These records include German service in the Roman army, the impact of civil war and the origin and development of later tribal groups. Chapters cover the Batavian Revolt (AD 69-70), the Marcomannic Wars of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius (AD 166-180), and later Rhine campaigns against the Alamanni. The final chapters cover the Migration Era, with the Germanic conquest of the Roman Empire, from the Gothic invasions to the Vandal capture of North Africa.This book is a valuable resource for ancient historians, classicists, archaeologists, and interested others, featuring events from the formation of the Rhine-Danube frontiers in the first century, to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century AD.
The German Wehrmacht
The German Wehrmacht: Equipment, Weapons, Uniforms and Insignia offers a highly illustrated record of the German soldier in the Second World War. Starting with the early victories in Poland in 1939 and concluding with the desperate final defences of 1945, this volume provides an in-depth visual exploration of the uniforms and insignia worn by the Wehrmacht at that time.Featuring over 300 rare and previously unpublished photographs, 50 of which are presented in full colour, this book showcases the full range of attire worn by German troops. From standard service dress and winter camouflage to armoured crew uniforms and protective gear, the volume covers it all, including headgear, rank insignia and battlefield equipment. Every image is accompanied by a detailed caption, bringing to life the appearance of soldiers of all ranks from privates and NCOs to generals, infantrymen, mountain troops, tank crews and assault gun operators.Beyond the visual documentation, the book offers a detailed analysis of how the German army meticulously developed its fighting force into a formidable war machine. It explores how different branches of the military were equipped across various theatres of war, from Europe and Russia to North Africa.Whether you''re a military historian, collector or enthusiast, The German Wehrmacht provides a unique and comprehensive look at the clothing, equipment and insignia that defined one of history’s most formidable fighting forces.
A History of Police Firearms Units
The role of the police firearms officers is possibly one of the most thankless jobs there is in a non-military environment. Home Office figures for March 2022 to March 2023 show there were 6,038 police officers throughout England and Wales who were authorised to carry firearms for operational purposes, out of a total of 149,572 officers overall - the culmination of a four-year decline in firearms officers, from a peak of 6,621 in March 2019.Being a firearms officer carries a kudos in policing, although why this is the case is not absolutely clear, especially when considering the real risk of either being shot dead, shooting somebody and being charged with their murder, or not shooting somebody and it resulting in the death of a colleague or a member of the public.In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the police''s use of firearms was far removed from what it is today. Nominated officers were allowed to draw firearms on an ''as and when'' basis, and would undertake firing practice on only a few occasions throughout the course of the year, with little or no thought or consideration given to tactical approaches to a particular scenario. However, the change in attitudes by senior officers to firearms can be traced back to the August 1966 murders of three Metropolitan police officers by two armed criminals close to Wormwood Scrubs prison, in west London.This book looks at the history of police firearms units, which started to be formed in the immediate aftermath of the 1966 killings, and how they have subsequently evolved, improving in the selection of suitable officers, along with the weaponry and equipment used and the training provided to the officers who volunteer for this extremely dangerous and stressful role.
Life in the Medieval Town
An original work of social history focusing on numerous fascinating aspects of life in an English town in the late Middle Ages.Welcome to a world which ordered people not to leave their homes after nightfall and not to let their pigs wander the streets, where butchers who sold bad meat to the public were locked into a pillory with the meat burning beneath them, and where dirt heaps, common scolds, and attempts to cure diseases with dead animal flesh were a normal part of life. Were medieval towns really as filthy as we might think? If not, how did people wash themselves and their clothes? What did being drawn on the hurdle mean? What did people eat, and where did they buy it? What happened to criminals? Did women work outside the home, and if so, in which professions? What were people’s houses like? How did they entertain themselves? How much did they earn, and how much did things cost? What kind of medical treatment was available? Did people travel to other towns, and if so, how did they get there?
The Siege of Mariupol
On 24 February 2022, the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, unleashed an attack on Ukraine that has developed into the most significant war in Europe since the Second World War. The opening phase of this war was when Russian armour, along with mechanized and airmobile troops, advanced on Kyiv, surrounded Chernihiv, seized Kherson twice, and threatened the very existence of the Ukrainian state.The Siege of Mariupol tells the story of the heroic resistance of the Ukrainians in defending the areas in and around the large coastal city of Mariupol. Situated in the Donetsk Oblast, Mariupol was one of the initial objectives of the Russian offensive.By 2 March, Putin’s forces had surrounded the city and a fierce struggle ensued, in which Russian artillery bombarded Mariupol resulting in heavy civilian casualties. Conditions in the city rapidly deteriorated as water and electricity supplies were cut and food shortages became severe. The 700,000 inhabitants faced a devastating and growing humanitarian crisis as the siege continued for week after week. Repeated attempts to evacuate the civilians failed, until 15 March when just 20,000 people were able to escape.Week after week the bitter fighting raged on. Towards the end, however, it was the events at the Azovstal Iron and Steel Works that, to the whole world, came to define the dogged and determined Ukrainian defence. The plant became the heart of one of the main remaining pockets of resistance in Mariupol. Fiercely defended, it was described as a ‘fortress within a city’.The siege lasted until 20 May with the Russians finally taking control of the city. This book was written as the conflict ensued, giving it an unparalleled immediacy and poignancy. The Siege of Mariupol is an important historical document depicting the uncertainty and anxiety faced by the contesting forces and by the rest of the world as the war in Ukraine hung in the balance.
Not Just a Housewife
Illuminating a powerful yet underappreciated force in the American peace and women's movements On November 1, 1961, thousands of middle-class white women took to the streets throughout the United States to demonstrate against atomic weapons. They were brought together by the group Women Strike for Peace (WSP), which grew from modest beginnings at a Georgetown cocktail party to become one of the most effective peace organizations in American history. Under the stewardship of children's book illustrator Dagmar Wilson, and with indispensable support from figures such as Bella Abzug, a lawyer who would later help found the National Women's Political Caucus and serve as US Representative for New York, WSP branches spread to cities and towns across the country, and the group influenced major arms-control treaties and successful antiwar efforts of the Cold War period. Single-handedly, WSP dismantled the McCarthyite House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), catalysed public support for the 1963 Nuclear Weapons Test Ban Treaty, and brokered unprecedented exchanges between American and Vietnamese women during the American War in Vietnam. WSP accomplished their political wins , in part, through a public image that stressed the inherent moral authority and sanctity of motherhood. In Not Just a Housewife, Jon Coburn explores the fascinating story of WSP to argue that the group's historic significance was much more complex than the maternal activism for which it is often remembered. He traces activists' evolution through the Cold War's cultural upheavals, uncovering the significance of forgotten episodes, such as the extraordinary self-immolation of 82-year-old Detroit activist Alice Herz and WSP's unheralded contributions to the 1977 National Women's Conference. In so doing, Coburn recovers WSP's revolutionary politics and militant protests and contends that the organization fused this radical activism with the seeming respectability of motherhood. Through unprecedented access to organizational archives and oral histories, Not Just a Housewife details how WSP's unique fusion of radicalism and respectability significantly shaped Cold War-era women's peace movement history, as well as the broader American culture.
Spitfire
The Supermarine Spitfire is one of the most iconic fighters of all time. First flown just before the Second World War, interest in this remarkable aircraft endures.Intended as a close-range interceptor, the Spitfire actually performed in roles that had never been envisaged by its designer, R.J. Mitchell. This included being operated as a long-range bomber escort fighter, fighter-bomber, night-fighter, or photographic reconnaissance aircraft; there was even a naval version, the Seafire, that was flown from aircraft carriers.The Spitfire flew and fought on every front, in every theatre – even on the Eastern Front where examples of the Mk.Vb, supplied to the Russians under Lend-Lease, were operated by the Soviet Air Force. The battle honours that could be applied to the Spitfire cover every major battle and campaign of the Second World War, from the Battle of Britain to the fighting in the Western Desert and jungles of Burma. Furthermore, the Spitfire was operated by many other countries, including the United States. Developed through twenty-four variants, the Spitfire remained in service with many air forces long after 1945. Little wonder, then, that the fascination in R.J. Mitchell’s little fighter is not only durable, but global.Countless photographs have been taken of the Spitfire, including innumerable high-quality press photographs. During the Second World War, however, private photography on service installations was prohibited – but, nevertheless, some personnel, aircrew and groundcrew alike, took furtive snapshots. Forming the basis of this book, these amateur images providing us with an authentic and candid window on the past. Drawing on a unique collection of rare archive images, the renowned aviation historian Dilip Sarkar MBE, RHistS, FRAeS, explores the history of the Spitfire from its inception and first flight in 1936, through its introduction to service and then its service to the Allied nations throughout the Second World War.
The Great Fire of London
Using eyewitness accounts and extensive research, this book dispels myths and reveals true stories of resilience during the Great Fire of London in 1666.The Great Fire of London, in September 1666, is one of those events forever etched in the collective psyche. It is on the national curriculum and is constantly revisited through new documentaries, books, articles, and through other media outlets. Although David Lassman?s book covers the main points of the fire ? from its outbreak in a bakery in Pudding Lane, to its supposed demise at Pie Corner, along with such events as the destruction of St. Paul?s ? the author goes deeper into the stories of many caught up in this catastrophic occurrence, revealing a more human side to those affected by the fire that is often overlooked. Through the words and eyewitness accounts of many who lived through it ? Pepys, Evelyn, Taswell ? as well as extensive research through contemporary resources into the fire itself, a picture of human resilience emerges. One that saw the populace of London brought to its very knees by perhaps the greatest natural calamity ever to inflict itself on the City of London and yet one that saw it rise to rebuild itself again and lay the foundations for the modern-day metropolis. Through this journey, the author also reveals the truth behind many of the myths that have grown up around The Great Fire of London, as well as putting the Fire into the wider context of the day to discuss whether accident or arson, to give possibly the definitive account of this most famous of national disasters.
Battle of Britain, West Sussex
By July 1940, Britain stood alone in Europe. Hitler's troops had reached the French coast after storming their way across northern Europe and, following the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from Dunkirk in June, it was assumed that the next battle of the Second World War would be fought on the beaches of southern England. The fear of German forces launching an invasion that summer was very real, and all that stood between Britain and Hitler was the English Channel. Almost every generation of Sussex men and women had learnt to live with the threat of attack from across the water. This time, though, the threat came not just from the sea but also from the sky and for the first time in history a battle would be fought, and won, almost exclusively in the air - for their invasion to succeed, the Germans needed to achieve air supremacy over both the Channel and the beaches of the south-east. Throughout July 1940 the Luftwaffe's attacks intensified, with the 10th now being considered the first day of the Battle of Britain. When Goring's aircraft launched their assault on the United Kingdom, many parts of the country found themselves quite literally on the front line - and no more so than the county of West Sussex. Drawing extensively on records held in local and national archives, Eddy Greenfield provides a detailed and comprehensive day-by-day account of activity in and over West Sussex throughout the campaign from 10 July to 31 October 1940\. It is not only a story of how the RAF and other defenders battled the Luftwaffe's relentless onslaught, but also how the residents in the county's towns and villages played their own part in the national war effort.
Marshal Pilsudski and his Wars for Polish Freedom
Pilsudski was the leading proponent of armed Polish resistance to Tsarist Russian rule in the early years of the twentieth century. During the Russo-Japanese War he went to Japan to seek armed and funds for a Polish uprising. In WW1 he skilfully walked a perilous line. He raised the Polish Legion to fight alongside the Central Powers against the Russians. In the war’s closing stages he distanced himself from the Central Powers and secured independence for Poland.Having attained his great goal of a free Poland, he fought a series of wars. These little-known conflicts (with Ukraine and Lithuania) are illuminated by Evan McGilvray. When it became clear that Bolshevik Russia was preparing to invade Poland, Pilsudski launched a pre-emptive attack in 1920. Despite early successes, the Russians were able to gain the upper hand and were almost at the gates of Warsaw before Pilsudski’s masterful counterattack brought about ‘the miracle of the Vistula’ and turned the tide.This is a fascinating and long overdue study of a key figure in modern European history.
The 5th (Belgian) SAS in the Second World War
From clandestine operations with the French and Belgian resistance, through assisting evaders after the ill-fated Arnhem operation, acting as Montgomery’s eyes during the Ardennes counteroffensive, spearheading Canadian and Polish armoured formations during the liberation campaign in the Netherlands, to the defeat of Germany and the arrest of high-ranking Nazis, the Belgian SAS was one of the components of the British-led multinational Special Air Service Brigade conducting special operations from Normandy to the fall of the Third Reich.This first-ever history of the wartime Belgian SAS published in English is the result of extensive research based on previously classified archives and integrating first-hand accounts from founder members’ unpublished memoirs.Addressing all enthusiasts of special operations history, this book explains the broader context to guide the uninitiated, while simultaneously offering the expert military historian unprecedented insight and detail into the recruitment, training and operations of an elite unit raised in Britain, whose commanding officer accepted no compromises to achieve its goals, and which took every opportunity to bring the fight to the enemy, living by its motto ‘Who dares wins’.Containing both dramatic and humorous personal stories, the book features numerous rare wartime photographs from private archives, alongside detailed appendices covering personnel records, casualties, battle honours, and awards.
British Amphibious Operations of the First World War
The failure experienced at Gallipoli has become a byword for the misapplication of amphibious operations. In truth, the British experience of joint amphibious operations during the World War was always more than Gallipoli. If success elsewhere seemed elusive, too, then the underlying ability of Britain to execute such operations remains largely undiscussed. The monograph takes the discussion of amphibious operations beyond caricature by examining the genesis and execution of three operations: Tanga, German East Africa; Mesopotamia; and the Dardanelles-Gallipoli campaign and measures the results against the experience and development of amphibious warfare in the immediate prewar period. In short, the work answers the question of the state of British amphibious warfare on the eve of the First World War and the reasons for the failures—and, yes, the successes experienced.British East Africa and Zanzibar stood exposed in 1914, and while doing nothing possessed a certain logic, denying German cruisers the means of resupply mixed with the unsettled temperament of Kenya argued for removing the German threat presented. A tertiary object sought by tertiary British and Indian forces came, saw and was vanquished in short order. As a result, the War Office assumed responsibility for British operations in East Africa from Simla. Though the experience might have served as an object lesson for the campaign about to unfold in Mesopotamia, it did not. There, British arms met with initial success, but soon inadequate means married to unlimited aims told otherwise, culminating in the siege and surrender of the Indian Sixth Division at Kut-al-Amara. In time, the amphibious first entry executed nearly flawlessly became a joint operation anchored on indifferent rivers with memories of the Boxer rebellion and the relief of General Gordon not far removed. Mesopotamia is a reminder that if the enemy gets a vote in war, even more does nature.Beginning as a naval demonstration, the Dardanelles operation morphed into an amphibious landing that never truly became joint when General Sir Hamilton’s forces landed on the Gallipoli peninsula. Eight months later, evacuation of the Allied force beckoned. Operationally, the Allies were stymied, yet strategically the campaign offered a rare instance in the World War where the side operating on the offensive inflicted greater losses on the defender. Patience is rarely offered as a principle of war, but maintenance of the aim implies a degree of patience. Collectively, the case studies presented in British Amphibious Operations of the First World War offer a corrective to our understanding of British joint amphibious operations and the lessons digested—and not.
The Lost Dambuster Lancaster
In the late afternoon of 24 June 1944, eighteen aircraft from 617 Squadron, led to fame by Wing Commander Guy Gibson during the attack on the dams raid in May 1943, took off from their base at Woodhall Spa. Their target was the vast V2 rocket site at Wizernes in the Pas de Calais. Known today as La Coupole, this bunker complex had been built to serve as a reinforced launch site for the V2s that Hitler hoped would terrorise the British population.Once their target had been marked, the Lancasters dropped Tallboy bombs. Bomb bursts were recorded all around the target. The Dambusters, however, did not go unchallenged. One of the attackers, Lancaster DV403, flown by Flight Lieutenant John Edward DFC and coded KC-G, was hit by flak. The flight engineer, Flying Officer W.J. King DFC, died instantly. One of the Lancaster’s engines stuttered and the aircraft began to burn.Edward valiantly tried to hold course long enough for the rest of the crew to answer the ‘Abracadabra’ call to bale out. A Resistance worker saw crew members falling ‘like candles’ below their parachutes.Moments later DV403 hit the growing crops in nearby French fields. The Lancaster carried, unusually, eight crew. The pilot and all three gunners were dead.In the chaos of the moment, the courage of one member of the French Resistance, undertaker André Schamp, stood out. He assisted a wounded crewman, while also checking for other survivors.The story of DV403 has been recently honoured in France on the 80th anniversary, with an exhibition, lectures and a wayside interpretation board compiled by the authors, who have encouraged strong involvement of crewmen’s families in the evolving narrative. This is the story of their fate that night, as well as of 617 Squadron’s attack on the V2 site as a whole.
SAS: Secret War
In 1970, the SAS was called in to support the Sultan of Oman’s armed forces in their bitter struggle against a Communist-backed insurrection. This is the gripping story of the part played in the conflict by the men and squadrons of the 22nd Special Air Service Regiment, the first full SAS squadron in the region. Written by the man who commanded that unit and who successfully raised the first bands of Dhofari irregulars to fight for the Sultan, SAS: Secret War provides a unique and personal insight into what was to become one of the most successful counter-insurgency campaigns of the twentieth century.
The Invasion of France, 1814
The third of three volumes, this book offers to English readers, for the first time, the memoirs of Ilya Timofeyevich Radozhitskii, which rank among the best in the vast Napoleonic memoir literature. Radozhitskii, a distinguished Russian artillery officer, chronicled his experiences shortly after the wars against Napoleon, drawing from notes kept during his campaigns.Born in 1788, the author was educated at the Imperial Orphanage and entered military service in 1806 as part of an artillery unit. Through skill and determination, he rose steadily through the ranks, earning a reputation as a capable and dedicated officer. Napoleon’s invasion of Russia in 1812 changed his life. Serving as an artillery lieutenant, Radozhitskii saw action in virtually every major battle of that historic campaign. In 1813-1814, he took part in the War of the German Liberation and the invasion of France, serving with distinction in several battles before finishing the war as a staff captain in Paris in 1814.Radozhitskii’s memoirs provide vivid, unvarnished insight into the daily lives of Russian officers during the Napoleonic Wars. This volume follows him through the invasion of France and its aftermath, offering striking descriptions of soldiers’ trials and triumphs, gripping accounts of battles, and poignant tales of human suffering. When first published in Russia, these memoirs captured the public imagination and were widely acclaimed. Leo Tolstoy drew upon them while crafting his epic War and Peace. Now, these evocative pages allow readers to step into the chaos, courage, and calamity of the Napoleonic era through the eyes of one who lived it.
V kategórii populárno - náučné encyklopédie nájdete široký výber kníh, ktoré vám poskytnú poznatky z rôznych oblastí zaujímavým a zrozumiteľným spôsobom. Encyklopédie vám pomôžu získať komplexný prehľad o rôznych témach, ako ľudské telo a človek, príroda, vesmír, veda a technika a história.
Naša ponuka encyklopédií populárno-náučného charakteru vám umožní objaviť fascinujúci svet poznania a rozšíriť svoje vedomosti o rôznych témach.
