Najnovšie - Medicína - Psychiatria a psychológia strana 21 z 28

Psychologist Clodagh Campbell knows how it feels to be lost, anxious, and overwhelmed—because she’s been there too. If you often feel disconnected, exhausted, or trapped in a cycle of self-doubt, you’re not alone. In this transformative ten-step guide, Clodagh offers you the tools to have honest, healing conversations with yourself and begin addressing the past experiences that hold you back.Clodagh shares practical techniques, real-world examples, and scientifically proven strategies to help you cope with the challenges of modern life. You’ll learn how to calm the chaos of your mind, understand your inner child and strengthen your self-worth, while gaining a deeper insight into your internal world.Give yourself the gift of calm, the gift of self-confidence, the gift of acceptance, and the gift of deep inner healing with this beautiful book.

Dětská neurologie zahrnuje celou řadu diagnóz, které jsou způsobeny onemocněním mozku, míchy a periferních nervů a svalů. Dětský neurolog nejčastěji řeší epilepsie, bolesti hlavy, dětské mozkové obrny, zánětlivá onemocnění mozku, nervosvalová onemocnění a další. Jak lze ale neurologické diagnózy, které mají svůj původ v CNS, oddělit od psychiatrických onemocnění? Procesy, které probíhají v neurálních sítích, jsou velmi komplexní a jednotlivé neurologické a psychiatrické projevy tvoří jakési kontinuum, prolínají se a často velmi intenzivně kombinují. Psychiatrické projevy u neurologických onemocnění však mohou mít svá specifika a někdy striktní rozdělení na neurologii a psychiatrii možné není. Naše poznání o komplexnosti neurálních sítí je čím dál hlubší a oba obory více a více splývají. Stejně tak jak byla neuropsychiatrie v minulosti ukotvena jako samostatný obor (a to až do 50. let minulého století), tak se možná dočká ještě své renesance a interdisciplinární péče, která už tak je v oboru dětské neurologie zásadní, získá ještě více na důležitosti. Kniha se klade za cíl podívat se především na dětské neurologické diagnózy více komplexně, interdisciplinárně. Snaží se definovat specifika psychiatrických komorbidit u neurologických onemocnění v dětském věku, a to nejen z patofyziologického pohledu, ale i z pohledu různých terapeutických specifik. Kniha zahrnuje základní psychiatrické a neurovývojové poruchy v dětském věku. Věnuje se i základní fyziologii a anatomii, neuropsychologickým vyšetřovacím metodám a psychiatrickým komorbiditám u neurologických onemocnění v dětském věku. Kniha je určena pro dětské neurology, psychiatry, pediatry a psychology.

Synthesizing the latest research and literature, Treating Addiction to Tobacco and Nicotine Products provides a comprehensive analysis of assessing and treating tobacco use disorder. Smoking rates have declined for decades, yet smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, responsible for more 400,000 premature deaths annually in this country and more than 4.9 million deaths worldwide. Featuring numerous case vignettes that bring the topics to life, this volume covers: • Trends in cigarette smoking and its associated harms• Patterns of use, addictiveness, and health effects of non-cigarette tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, cigars, and pipes• Assessing tobacco use disorder• Behavioral and pharmacological interventions for tobacco use disorder• The need for systems change in health care settings Special emphasis is placed on individuals with mental illness, who are disproportionately represented among users of tobacco products. The book explores tobacco use in this population and explains the impact of this comorbidity on treatment and cessation. With summary key points at the end of each chapter to distill clinical highlights, Treating Addiction to Tobacco and Nicotine Products is an essential resource for busy clinicians across various health care disciplines.

Discover how the brain processes the world around us in this accessible introduction to cognitive psychology, written by psychologist and educator, Dr Shona Saul.Cognitive psychology is at the heart of the human experience and helps explain why we perceive the world as we do. This beginner''s guide draws on the latest scientific research to present this hugely important subject in a new and exciting manner and brings the subject to life for the general reader. Learn the difference between short- and long-term memory, understand how the brain processes language, discover what consciousness really is and much more. Topics discussed include:• Visual Perception• Attention• Memory and Learning• Language• Reasoning and Decision-MakingFilled with helpful diagrams and simple summaries, Knowledge in a Nutshell: Cognitive Psychology is perfect for the non-expert, taking the complexities of the science of the mind and making them easy to understand.ABOUT THE SERIES: The critically-acclaimed Knowledge in a Nutshell series provides accessible and engaging introductions to wide-ranging topics, written by experts in their fields.

'A wise, generous book' Washington PostFrom acclaimed psychoanalyst Adam Phillips, a meditation on what we must give up to feel more alive. To give up or not to give u? he question can feel inescapable but the answer is never simple. Giving up our supposed vices is one thing; giving up on life itself is quite another. One form of self-sacrifice feels positive, something to admire and aspire to, while the other is profoundly unsettling, if not actively undesirable. There are always, it turns out, both good and bad sacrifices, but it is not always clear beforehand which is which. We give something up because we believe we can no longer go on as we are. In this sense, giving up is a critical moment - an attempt to make a different future. In On Giving Up, acclaimed psychoanalyst Adam Phillips illuminates both the gaps and the connections between the many ways of giving up, and helps us to address the central question: what must we give up in order to feel more alive?'One of the finest prose stylists in the language, an Emerson of our time' John Banville'The best living essayist writing in English' John Gray

This Element examines the influence of expectation and attention on conscious perception. It explores the debate on whether attention is necessary for conscious perception by presenting empirical evidence from studies on inattentional blindness, change blindness, and the attentional blink. While the evidence strongly suggests that attention is necessary for conscious perception, other research has shown that expectation can shape perception, sometimes leading to illusory experiences where predicted stimuli are perceived despite their absence. This phenomenon, termed ''expectation awareness'', suggests that attention may not be necessary for all conscious experiences. These findings are explored within the predictive processing framework, where the brain is characterized as a prediction engine, continuously updating its internal models to minimize prediction errors. Integrating findings from psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, this Element provides a predictive processing model of how attention and expectation construct perceptual reality. It also discusses clinical and theoretical implications and suggests future research.

From the beginning of psychoanalysis, there have been those considered suited to psychoanalytic therapy and those not. Those ‘suited’ could dream and associate as well as understand and accept the analyst’s symbolic interpretations. Those ‘unsuited’ were either unreceptive to treatment or were psychotic and it was feared that analysis could worsen an already fragile situation. Throughout his decades of clinical experience, Franco De Masi expanded his work to treat patients considered difficult to analyse. By doing so, he went beyond the territory of the dynamic unconscious into territory where psychic processes outside awareness reside. This inspiring book outlines his journey in two parts. Part I looks at certain aspects of traditional therapeutic work for ‘analysable’ patients. De Masi discusses the relationship between psychoanalytic theories and models; how the analytic perspective of childhood life has changed over the past few decades; the concept of psychic truth; the duration of therapy; analytic therapy in old age; and the concept of the superego. Part II looks beyond the dynamic unconscious and highlights the existence of mental states inaccessible to traditional psychoanalytic methods. Here, De Masi investigates the psychotic mind and unknown spaces. Building on the revolutionary roots of psychoanalysis, De Masi broadens psychoanalytic practice to include psychic suffering hitherto considered unreachable. Case studies throughout the book illustrate the psychoanalytic theory, making it the ideal read for practising clinicians looking to expand their practice and academics interested in the efficacy of psychoanalysis.

This Element reviews the current state of what is known about the visual and vestibular contributions to our perception of self-motion and orientation with an emphasis on the central role that gravity plays in these perceptions. The Element then reviews the effects of impoverished challenging environments that do not provide full information that would normally contribute to these perceptions (such as driving a car or piloting an aircraft) and inconsistent challenging environments where expected information is absent, such as the microgravity experienced on the International Space Station.

'A TRULY IMPORTANT BOOK’ JOHN HUMPHRYS 'FASCINATING… SHOCKING' SPECTATOR What is paranoia? What makes us mistrustful? How can this be overcome? Daniel Freeman, Professor of Psychology at Oxford, has spent thirty years at the vanguard of paranoia research and treatment. This remarkable and moving book tells the story of that journey. For decades, conventional wisdom held that paranoia was only experienced by people with severe mental health problems and little could be done to rectify its disastrous effects. Paranoia gives us a front row seat as Freeman turns the traditional view on its head. He develops life-changing treatments for clinical paranoia – often using state-of-the-art technology like virtual reality. He reveals that suspicion is rife in society, with paranoia widespread, conspiracy theories rampant and emotion all too often trumping evidence. He discovers the causes of mistrust, including the role of genes, trauma, lack of sleep, worry, low self-confidence, cannabis use and hearing voices, and delves into the murky world of Covid-19 conspiracy theories. Lighting up the narrative throughout are the rarely heard voices of people whose lives have been almost wrecked by paranoia – and then in many cases transformed by Freeman’s groundbreaking treatments. This is also a practical book. Freeman shows how we can measure our own levels of mistrust. He explains how we can remedy things if those levels are higher than we’d like, because although mistrust can seem engrained, things can change for the better. Ultimately, it can be overcome. Compelling and compassionate, this is a gripping tale from the front line of suspicion – an impassioned plea for the urgent rebuilding of trust between us all.

Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, InspiringThis Very Short Introduction to psycholinguistics is an accessible and engaging description of how people use language. Talking and understanding language probably seem like simple and straightforward skills, but research in psycholinguistics has shown that complex computations take place behind the scenes when you communicate with others. Recent debates concerning how AI tools such as ChatGPT work highlight some of these core questions about the language faculty and how it is that humans comprehend, produce, and learn language. The book begins with an overview of the fields of linguistics and psychology and how they have cooperated from the earliest days of psycholinguistics. It then considers how words and sentences are interpreted, how they are generated, and how human conversation is coordinated. The book also reviews research on reading, sign language processing, and bilingualism. The closing chapter summarizes where the field is heading, with a brief discussion of Large Language Models, the role of Information Theory, the growing emphasis on the neurobiology of language, and the increasing diversity of research in psycholinguistics, both with respect to the languages studied and the backgrounds and histories of language researchers. Issues that are considered include: (1) How successfully do people adapt what they say to the needs of their audience when they design their phrases and sentences? (2) How do people read languages such as Chinese, which do not use an alphabetic writing system? (3) Do the size and efficiency of a person''s memory affect how effectively people use language? (4) Is bilingualism cognitively advantageous, and if so, what are the mechanisms that lead to this so-called bilingual advantage? And (5) Do users of sign language gesture when they communicate? These questions and more are answered using insights from the latest research based on methods from the cognitive and neurosciences. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

An essential guide to psychoanalytic psychotherapy in modern practice. A must-have for those new to the field and seasoned professionals alike Introduction to the Practice of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy provides up-to-date, practice-oriented coverage of the latest research and techniques in psychoanalysis. Distinguished clinical psychologist and psychoanalyst Alessandra Lemma synthesizes decades of clinical experience and the latest research into actionable advice for developing analytic skills with clarity, confidence, and adaptability across diverse therapeutic settings. This popular textbook offers step-by-step guidance on essential areas of practice, including conducting assessments, formulating cases, and navigating therapeutic endings. Throughout the book, detailed yet accessible chapters demystify the processes behind psychoanalytic psychotherapy while offering real-world insights into the day-to-day practice of psychoanalytic therapy. Fully revised to reflect contemporary practice, this edition features three entirely new chapters on psychoanalytic ethics, working with the body, and online therapy. Updated and expanded chapters address new developments in Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy (DIT), discuss the current evidence base for psychoanalytic interventions, present new case studies and illustrative examples, and more. “Very few psychoanalysts are capable of what Alessandra Lemma achieves with this book: a deep understanding of the life of the mind coupled with a comfortable familiarity with the science of the mind.” —MARK SOLMS, Ph.D., Editor, The Revised Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (2024). “A third edition of this classic text is testimony to how well the original edition was written. Yet it also demonstrates that psychoanalytic therapy and the contexts in which it is practiced are in continual flux. To explain these changes and offer new updates there is no better guide than Alessandra Lemma. She has been at the forefront of many developments and has endeavoured to make psychoanalytic ideas and techniques relevant for the decade that lies ahead. This is a highly readable, enjoyable, and insightful book that deserves to be read again and again. There is always something fresh to discover.” — DR. ALISTAIR ROSS, Associate Professor in Psychotherapy, Kellogg College, Author of Introducing Contemporary Psychodynamic Counselling and Psychotherapy “There are many things to cherish about Alessandra Lemma’s Introduction to the Practice of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. Now appearing in its third edition, Lemma exemplifies a mentality that psychoanalysis is alive and kicking—and evolving. The book is especially candid in acknowledging how psychoanalysis, which began ahead of the social curve, but then began to lag behind, is now making up for lost time. It is a pleasure to encounter readings of Freud that are neither adulating nor deprecating, and it is even more of a pleasure to consider this version of contemporary psychoanalysis. Lemma’s work on integrating the body in psychoanalytic theory is well-known and is now incorporated into this book. In addition, Lemma addresses profound ethical issues that we have faced during the pandemic and in its aftermath. Clinicians at every stage of their careers will benefit from reading and reflecting on this terrific book.” — ELLIOT L. JURIST, Ph.D., Ph.D., Professor, Psychology and Philosophy, The City College of New York and Doctoral Faculty in Psychology and in Philosophy, The Graduate Center, The City University of NY

What can you really do in 10 minutes? You could make a sandwich, take a shower, or maybe dance around to three of your favourite songs, and now, with this book, you can learn to beat anxiety.No matter how busy or stressful your day, with 10-minute steps and quick exercises, you can better understand and manage your experiences of anxiety and panic. It includes sections to read, questions to reflect on, and things to try out in your everyday life. The book covers everything from surviving panic attacks and negative self-talk to dealing with common anxieties, including health anxiety and social anxiety. Using evidence-based therapies such as CBT and ACT, this book will help you take a problem-solving approach to your worries, escape toxic thought spirals, treat yourself kindly, and get the best out of life!

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is estimated to have a lifetime prevalence in the United States of approximately 1.4%–2.7%. It is characterized by a long-term pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, unstable self-image, marked impulsivity, and/or affective instability. In addition, features can be evidenced by efforts to avoid real or feared abandonment, chronic feelings of emptiness, mood reactivity, recurrent self-injurious or suicidal behavior, other impulsive behaviors with potential for self-damaging effects, intense anger or difficulty with anger control, and transient paranoid ideation or stress-related dissociative symptoms. Although these manifestations can be quite heterogeneous, the lived experience of BPD can be associated with significant emotional pain and a diminished quality of life. Many individuals with BPD have co-occurring psychiatric or somatic conditions, and all-cause mortality is increased among those with BPD. Furthermore, the lifetime burden and psychosocial impairment associated with BPD can be substantial because it typically has an early onset and can persist for many years. These significant consequences support the need for early identification of BPD. Importantly, in contrast to many earlier views on BPD, treatment is effective, and symptoms can be reduced and managed. The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder reviews current evidence and provides evidence-based statements that are intended to optimize the treatment of BPD. The guideline focuses on evidence-based treatments and includes additional information on assessment and treatment planning, which are an integral part of patient-centered care. It describes approaches to implementing recommendations and suggestions in clinical practice. By providing up-to-date knowledge, the guideline aims to help clinicians feel more confident in their skills for treating patients with BPD, thereby improving the care and well-being of their patients.

Freud and psychoanalysis taught us that rebellion is what guarantees our independence and our creative abilities. But in the contemporary "entertainment" culture, is rebellion still a viable option? Is it still possible to build and embrace a counterculture? For whom—and against wha? ulia Kristeva illustrates the advances and impasses of rebel culture through the experiences of three twentieth-century writers: the existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre, the surrealist Louis Aragon, and the theorist Roland Barthes. These figures, according to Kristeva, took part in a revolution against accepted notions of identity—of one’s relation to others. She places their accomplishments in the context of other revolutionary movements in art, literature, and politics, also offering an illuminating discussion of Freud’s groundbreaking work on rebellion.

Winner, 2025 Choice Outstanding Academic Title“Be the best you can be!” Practically from the moment we are born, we are taught to optimize our lives—to devote ourselves to increasing our productivity and efficiency, which, we are told, will make us happier and more successful. The imperative of constant self-improvement, however, drains us dry even as it promises to build us up. The Creative Self delves into the hegemony of neoliberal self-optimization and turns to psychoanalysis in search of an alternative. In paired chapters, Mari Ruti and Gail M. Newman examine the works of the psychoanalysts Marion Milner and Donald W. Winnicott. They provide deeply personal accounts of how these thinkers resonate with day-to-day life, exploring modes of selfhood that subtly but profoundly resist the lure and escape the trap of competitive individualism. Milner urges us to relinquish the ego in the face of loss and lack, and Winnicott asks us to accept the paradoxes of the self instead of demanding their resolution. Together, their insights help us flourish where neoliberal self-improvement would stifle us. Combining the intellectual, the personal, and the political from two perspectives that converge and diverge in striking ways, this book offers an antidote to transactional individualism and envisions forms of creative living beyond its confines.

Publikace se zaměřuje na problematiku rezistence vůči psychofarmakům u pacientů se závažnými duševními onemocněními, jako jsou schizofrenie, bipolární porucha, deprese, vybrané úzkostné stavy a obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha. Autorka přináší přehled výzkumných metod a vývoje v oblasti léčby farmakorezistentních stavů a zároveň popisuje slepé cesty a výzkumné přístupy, které se původně jevily jako slibné, ale v praxi se ukázaly jako neúčinné. Vysvětluje mechanismy působení psychofarmak a rozkrývá genetické základy farmakogenomiky, které pomáhají objasnit individuální variace v účincích léků. Odhaluje také složitost výzkumu a metodologické nástrahy, jež ovlivňují interpretaci studií na poli farmakorezistence. Kniha je cenným zdrojem informací pro odborníky, kteří se chtějí zorientovat v komplexnosti farmakorezistentních stavů a efektivněji podporovat své pacienty na cestě k zotavení.

Think about your favorite sport. Now ask yourself how much of success in that sport is down to physical skills and how much is down to mental skills? We all know that physical skills are vital for performance and understand about training them. We know that psychology is important too, but what people actually do to understand and train in it is less well known. Sport Psychology: A Complete Introduction gives you the answers, explaining everything you need to know in one place. Structured in two parts, theory and application, part one defines the idea of personality and cover essential psychological traits, including mental toughness, confidence, motivation, stress and character. Part two covers topics such as assessment, skills training, coping techniques, building concentration and working with coaches and teams. You will also find substantial coverage of measurement questionnaires, skills and routes to practice. As well as learning about how the mind works and how that has an impact on sporting performance, you will discover what sport psychologists actually do to improve a performer's psychological skills and mindset. Whether you are a student, involved in sport at any level, or simply interested in sport and sport performance, Sport Psychology: A Complete Introduction is your go-to guide.

Hate speech comprises any form of hateful or contemptuous expression that attacks, degrades, or vilifies people based on their social identities. This Element focuses on hate speech targeting social identities that are devalued by a society''s dominant groups, and that is likely to evoke, promote, or legitimize harms such violence, discrimination, and oppression. After detailing the ways in which hate speech is expressed (e.g., through derogatory labels, metaphors, offensive imagery), the production of hate speech is explored at theindividual level (e.g., prejudiced attitudes), group level (e.g., realistic intergroup threat), and societal level (e.g., hierarchy maintenance; free speech protections). A discussion of the effects of blatant and anonymous hate speech on targets (e.g., anxiety and depression) and nontargets (e.g., stereotype activation; desensitization; fomenting violence) follows. Finally, the effectiveness of mitigation efforts isexplored, including use of computer-based technologies, speech codes, confrontation, and counterspeech.

"These days, who still has a soul?" asks Julia Kristeva in this psychoanalytic exploration. Drawing on her many years of experience as a practicing psychoanalyst, Kristeva reveals to readers a new kind of patient, symptomatic of an age of political upheaval, mass mediated culture, and the dramatic overhaul of familial and sexual mores. New Maladies of the Soul poses a troubling question about the human subject in the West today: Is the psychic space that we have traditionally known disappearin? risteva finds that the psychoanalytic models of Freud and Lacan need to be reread in light of this new patient, a product of the contemporary moral crisis of values resulting from a loss of ideology and a deterioration of belief. By revisiting Freud and Lacan, Kristeva offers the hope of a new psychoanalysis. Each patient, she contends, suffers from a unique malady which must be targeted. In the first half of the book, Kristeva offers a series of detailed case studies that reinforce her provocative theoretical notions. These case studies illustrate today's "new maladies"—common psychiatric disturbances as they are manifested in today's patient. Drawing on the work of the psychologist Helene Deutsch and the writer Germaine de Stael. Kristeva turns her attention to women's experiences and contributions. Delving into art, literature, autobiography, and theories of language, she continues with an exploration of cultural products ranging from the Bible to the work of Leonardo da Vinci. Kristeva offers the hope that these maladies harbor new creative potential and new hope for the soul—if we can comprehend their effect on the individual and collective experiences of our time.