Cambridge University Press

Nursing Aids at War: The Australian Army Medical Women's Service in the Second World War explores the chronological history of the Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS) and challenges our understanding of servicewomen and gendered work in the Australian Army. Arranged in three parts, the book first introduces the nursing aid and how the Voluntary Aid Detachments (VADs) became intertwined with the nursing service in the First and Second World Wars. It then investigates disruptions, tensions and controversies faced by the VAD as they transitioned into the AAMWS; in particular, the training schemes for AAMWS to become professionally trained nurses in military hospitals. Lastly, the book explores and challenges representations and reflections of the VAD and AAMWS, including building a national identity separate to practising nurses, and acknowledging their history as largely being forgotten amongst discussion of Australia's wider military history.

South America contains some of the oldest democracies in the world, yet we still know relatively little about how and why democracy arose in the region. Raúl L. Madrid argues that three main developments ? the professionalization of the military, the growth of parties, and splits within the ruling party ? led to democratization in the early twentieth century. Military professionalization increased the incentives for the opposition to abandon the armed struggle and focus on the electoral path to power. The growth of parties boosted the capacity of the opposition to enact and enforce democratic reforms that would level the electoral playing field. And ruling party splits created the opportunity for the opposition and ruling party dissidents to ally and push through reforms. This persuasive and original book offers important implications for the study of democracy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

In June 1458, two boats were cornered by pirates off the coast of Malta. Their captain – Robert Sturmy – proved no match for the notorious Genoese freebooter Giuliano Gattilusio and was summarily killed by him. The precious cargo for which Sturmy paid with his life contained stealable goods but also cultural significance. Sweet wines, spices, silks, jewels, and minerals – these alluring commodities gripped the medieval English imagination. E. K. Myerson utilises this dramatic incident of Mediterranean plunder to reveal the impact of Syrian imports on medieval art, language, and everyday life. They argue that the cultural category of 'Syriana' became a powerful tool, used to evoke both the sacred sites of the Holy Land and the global marketplaces of the Mamluk Empire. Myerson's innovative book draws on their research into medieval archives, conceptual art, and postcolonial and queer theory, showing how medieval 'Syriana' transformed English society in ways which continue to resonate today.

In this radical reinterpretation of the Financial Revolution, Craig Muldrew redefines our understanding of capitalism as a socially constructed set of institutions and beliefs. Financial institutions, including the Bank of England and the stock market, were just one piece of the puzzle. Alongside institutional developments, changes in local credit networks involving better accounting, paper notes and increased mortgaging were even more important. Muldrew argues that, before a society can become capitalist, most of its members have to have some engagement with 'capital' as a thing – a form of stored intangible financial value. He shows how previous oral interpersonal credit was transformed into capital through the use of accounting and circulating paper currency, socially supported by changing ideas about the self which stressed individual savings and responsibility. It was only through changes throughout society that the framework for a concept like capitalism could exist and make sense.

US multinational firms are crucial actors that shape and sustain the rules of the world order. They inherit the advantages conferred by US informal power and generally guide the substance of US foreign economic policy. When they expand abroad to take advantage of the opportunities provided by international rules, their foreign investments anchor their interests and lead them to build political influence. Multinationals do not always win; but the main constraints on their power arise within the US political system. They generally prevail when they credibly link their private interests to public interests and generally fail when their profits clash with prevailing elite views of national security. This book presents sophisticated economics in readable terms and traces a detailed history of the emergence of order in trade, finance, decolonization, development, property rights and intervention since 1945 and into the twenty-first century.

Human belief systems and practices can be traced to ca. 10,000 BCE in the Ancient Near East, where the earliest evidence of ritual structures and objects can be found. Religious architecture, the relics of human skeletons, animal symbolism, statues, and icons all contributed to a complex network into which the spiritual essence of the divine was materially present. In this book, Nicola Laneri traces the transformation of the belief systems that shaped life in ancient Near Eastern communities, from prehistoric times until the advent of religious monotheism in the Levant during the first millennium BCE. Considering a range of evidence, from stone ceremonial enclosures, such as as Göbleki Tepe, to the construction of the first temples and icons of Mesopotamian polytheistic beliefs, to the Temple of Jerusalem, the iconic center of Israelite monotheism, Laneri offers new insights into the symbolic value embodied in the religious materiality produced in the ancient Near East.

When a chatbot lies about an airline's bereavement policy, who is to blame? When an AI-generated painting wins a state art competition, what does it mean to be a creator? Our relationship with artificial intelligence is not just technical; it's profoundly human. Smarter Together is your essential guide to the hidden psychology behind the AI revolution. Drawing on insights from neuroscience, behavioral science, and their popular NYU courses, the authors reveal how intelligent systems are designed to mirror our thinking, feeling, and decision-making. Through unforgettable case studies, this book unpacks the new equations of trust, the cognitive biases that shape our choices, and the cultural forces defining AI's promise and challenge. Moving from theory to practice, it provides a vital toolkit for designing and marketing AI products that augment, rather than replace, human intelligence.

In Book 4 of Plato's Republic, Socrates introduces what is regarded by scholars as the Platonic account of justice, according to which it is essentially internal and self-regarding, a matter of relations among the parts of a city or soul. In this book, Roslyn Weiss contends that there is another notion of justice, as other-regarding and external, which is to be found in a series of conversations in Book 1 between Socrates and three successive interlocutors. Weiss considers the relationship between justice as conceived in Book 1 and Book 4, and carefully examines what can be learned from each of the arguments. Her close analysis of Book 1 brings to light what Socrates really believed about justice, and extracts and explores this Book's many insights concerning justice—at both the political and the personal level.

Designed to increase confidence, help you recognise different question types and manage test anxiety. Questions provide practice opportunities to help you improve your ability to recall knowledge. Your familiarity with exam language will increase with a focus on command words, time management and marks breakdowns. This text has not been through the endorsement process for the Cambridge Pathway. Any references or materials related to answers, grades, papers or examinations are based on the opinion of the author(s). The Cambridge International Education syllabus or curriculum framework associated assessment guidance material and specimen papers should always be referred to for definitive guidance.

As learning is the purpose of teaching, learning theory ought to provide a strong theoretical basis for pedagogical practice. But learning theorists do not speak with one voice, and education has struggled for generations with multiple learning theories developed across the various branches of psychology. Looking back at this history reveals a hidden imperative to characterize learning as a unified construct – a drive that has blinded us to the simplest and most obvious solution to the problem of multiple learning theories. That solution is to recruit separate theorizations of learning to the long-established educational goals of teaching skills, teaching concepts, and teaching cultural practices. Employing this strategy, Genres of Teaching delivers a stable and cumulative knowledge base for teaching.

Introducing Environmental Communication offers a critical and interdisciplinary introduction to the field, designed primarily for undergraduate students in both specialist and general courses, as well as for postgraduate and professional learners. Its modular structure allows chapters to be used independently across a wide range of teaching, training, and coaching contexts. The book addresses underrepresented themes, including intercultural communication, postcolonial studies and social psychology, while combining theory with real-world application through staggered tasks, discussion prompts, case studies, and projects. Each chapter is supported by up-to-date examples and structured to guide learners from foundational concepts to more complex analysis. Adopting a critical lens, power and justice inequalities are highlighted and perspectives from the Global South are amplified, conveying both the urgency and complexity of the field. Short videos with accompanying discussion points are available online, enhancing the book's multimedia resources.

Recognizing religion in global politics is neither neutral nor benign. This book reveals how recognition operates to reinforce hierarchies, reify religious difference, and deepen political divisions. Maria Birnbaum reframes religion as a historically contingent category of knowledge and governance. She shifts the question from whether religion should be recognized to how it becomes recognizable. Through the entangled imperial histories of British India and Mandate Palestine, the book traces how colonial and anti-colonial governmental logics shaped the politics of religious minorities, representation, and border-making-dynamics that continue to shape postcolonial states like Pakistan and Israel. Offering a timely critique of the epistemic assumptions underpinning global discourses on religion, sovereignty, and political order, Before Recognition challenges conventional understandings of religion in international relations. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Why do governments get overthrown? Why are many political systems chronically unstable? The Coup Trap in Latin America answers these questions by looking to the origins and dynamics of the military coup d'état that, since the late nineteenth century, have turned several Latin American political systems into some of the most unstable in the world. The book also explores how others escaped from chronic instability, either by constructing constitutional democracy (in Chile, Costa Rica, and Uruguay) or by establishing durable autocracies (in Mexico and Nicaragua). The Coup Trap in Latin America pioneers the use of statistical predictions to explain when military coups do and do not occur – and uses historical narratives to illustrate and develop these findings. The book provides an innovative explanation of the unconstitutional seizure of power, making it a valuable resource for political scientists, historians, sociologists, and readers interested in Latin American politics and history.

In this book I examine many philosophical theories that attempt to explain the epistemological limits and powers of memory. A traditional view is that our epistemic justification from memory in the present directly depends, in part or primarily, on the past. I reject this view, arguing that just the way the present is directly matters for the justification we have from memory now. Another traditional view is that our justification from memory is best accounted for by theories on which justification directly depends on features of the world external to the mind. I argue that the mental life suffices to account for memory justification. I then appeal to the tip of the tongue phenomenon to argue that just a portion of the mental matters for memory justification: what the subject internally accesses. The best epistemology of memory turns out to support a package of extreme and untraditional views.

Gulliver's Travels is one of the landmarks of world literature. Gulliver's adventures with the tiny but spirited Lilliputians, the giant inhabitants of Brobdingnag, the flying island of Laputa, and the rational horses of Houyhnmhnmland have become globally famous for their satirical wit and visionary creativity. Early editions credited Gulliver himself as the author, and many readers believed him to be a real person. Later commentators have variously described the work as proto-science fiction, as inspired children's literature and as a forerunner of the modern novel. The editor's introduction to this celebratory anniversary edition contextualises Gulliver's Travels in Swift's life and work as a whole while exploring its rich and remarkable afterlife. All the original illustrations and maps are included, as are the frontispiece portraits. Generous annotation explains textual details which might now seem obscure, and appendices contain additional documents and images to enhance contemporary understanding and enjoyment.

'No Feelings', 'No Fun', 'No Future'. The years 1976 to 1984 saw punk emerge and evolve as a fashion, a musical form, an attitude and an aesthetic. Against a backdrop of social fragmentation, violence, high unemployment and socio-economic change, punk rejuvenated and re-energised British youth culture, inserting marginal voices and political ideas into pop. Rejecting both tired clichés and nostalgic myths, Matthew Worley provides the definitive account of how punk was constructed and utilised from the ground up. He takes youth culture seriously as a way of understanding history, demonstrating how punk not only reflected but directly impacted social and political history through its unique ability to provoke, disrupt and subvert. This revised and updated edition marks fifty years since the birth of punk and includes a new foreword from acclaimed music journalist, Paul Morley. It remains the foremost history of British punk.