George Orwell strana 14 z 17

autor

George Orwell
Jeho bestsellery sa dostali do učebníc. 1984 aj Zvieracia farma. Svoj pseudonym si zvolil podľa rieky. Vlastným menom sa volal Eric Arthur Blair, narodil sa 25. Júna 1903 v Indii a poznáme ho pod menom George Orwell.

Narodil sa v rodine koloniálneho úradníka, ktorý pracoval v štátnych službách pre Odbor s opiátmi. Jeho rodina patrila do typickej strednej vrstvy. Keď sa s ním a s jeho dvomi sestrami matka presťahovala do Oxfordshir v Anglicku, rodina sa rozpadla. Svoj pseudonym si zvolil podľa rieky Orwell, ktorá tam preteká.
Keď mal šesť rokov, rodičia ho poslali do malej anglickej školy v Henley, učitelia ho odporučili do St Cyprian's School, v Eastbourne kde získal štipendium. Neskôr vyštudoval prestížnu súkromnú strednú školu Eton.

Po škole slúžil v Indickej imperiálnej polícii v Barme od roku 1922 až do 1927. Práve službe sa vrátil späť do Anglicka a začal sa živiť ako novinár a esejista. Spočiatku žil ako tulák v najchudobnejších vrstvách Paríža a Londýna. Intenzívne politické a sociálne nepokoje, ktoré sužovali Európu, zmenili Orwella na vášnivého socialistu, odporcu fašizmu, zástancu rovnosti a na spisovateľa.
Už v 30. rokoch napísal niekoľko románov. A Clergyman's Daughter, Keep the Aspidistra Flying, Coming Up for Air, Road to Wigan Pier. V týchto knihách opisuje trápenie tých najspodnejších spoločenských vrstiev.
Po vypuknutí španielskej občianskej vojny sa do nej zapojil ako dobrovoľník, bojoval za republikánsku stranu v légiách POUM (Partido Obrero de Unificacion Marxista - sesterská protistalinistická strana nezávislej Labouristickej strany založenej v roku 1935, jej členom sa stal v roku 1938). Prežil nadšenie z fungujúceho španielskeho socialistického štátu, no čoskoro pocítil znechutenie z intríg a z fanatizmu jednotlivých zložiek ľavice. Stalinisti podporovaní Sovietskym zväzom porazili anarchistov a POUM a týmto zásahom ukončili revolúciu.
20. mája 1937 bol Orwell postrelený fašistickým ostreľovačom do krku, preto musel predčasne opustiť front. Keďže boli spolu s manželkou Eileen zatknutí za členstvo v „Trotskyit“, v júni 1937 Španielsko opustili. Neskôr boli prenasledovaní políciou, ktorá zatýkala všetkých členov POUM. O rok neskúr ochorel na tuberkulózu.
Počas vojny bol pevne presvedčený, že nastávajúci kapitalistický systém nemá šancu prežiť. Navrhol a obhajoval rozsiahle zoštátnenie majetku, obmedzenie výsad bohatých, obmedzenie maximálnych príjmov, slobodu kolóniám, avšak úplne odmietal stalinistický socializmus.

Orwell písal články do New English Weekly až do roku 1940. Počas 2. svetovej vojny sa stal členom domobrany a v roku 1941 začal pracovať pre BBC na programoch o Indii a Východnej Ázii. Po finančne príťažlivej ponuke prijal miesto v Tribune ako literárny spravodajca. Písal do pravidelnej rubriky „As I Please“.
V roku 1944 Orwell dokončil svoju antistalinistickú alegóriu Zvieracia farma, ktorá patrí k jeho najznámejším dielam. Dielo bolo publikované nasledujúci rok s veľkým úspechom. Po tejto knihe sa Orwell konečne ocitol finančne zabezpečený. Od roku 1945 sa stal vojnovým korešpondentom a neskôr pravidelne prispieval do Manchester Evening News. Bol blízkym priateľom vydavateľa a majiteľa Davida Astora, ktorého Orwellove myšlienky ho silno ovplyvňovali a tým menili smerovanie novín.

Po smrti manželky sa presťahoval na ostrov Jura a tu napísal jedno zo svojich najvýznamnejších diel 1984.
21. Januára 1950, zomrel v Londýne na tuberkulózu.

(foto: BNUJ)

viac

Lacná audiokniha Nineteen Eighty - Four - audiokniha (-50%)


Winston Smith works for the Ministry of Truth in London, chief city of Airstrip One. Big Brother stares out from every poster and the Thought Police uncover each act of betrayal. When Winston finds love with Julia, he discovers that life does not have to be dull and deadening and awakens to new possibilities. Despite the police helicopters that hover and circle overhead, Winston and Julia begin to question the Party. Yet Big Brother will not tolerate dissent - even in the mind. For those with original thoughts they invented Room 101...Nineteen Eighty-Four is George Orwell's terrifying vision of a totalitarian future in which everything and everyone is slave to a tyrannical regime. Christopher Eccleston, Tim Pigott-Smith and Pippa Nixon star in this new drama, part of BBC Radio 4's The Real George Orwell season - a Radio 4 journey that explores the disjuncture between the man who was Eric Blair and the writer who was George Orwell.
Vypredané
9,10 € 18,20€

dostupné aj ako:

Road to Wigan Pier


A searing account of George Orwell's observations of working-class life in the bleak industrial heartlands of Yorkshire and Lancashire in the 1930s, The Road to Wigan Pier is a brilliant and bitter polemic that has lost none of its political impact over time. His graphically unforgettable descriptions of social injustice, cramped slum housing, dangerous mining conditions, squalor, hunger and growing unemployment are written with unblinking honesty, fury and great humanity. It crystallized the ideas that would be found in Orwell's later works and novels, and remains a powerful portrait of poverty, injustice and class divisions in Britain.
Vypredané
8,95 €

Such, Such Were the Joys


In this bitingly honest autobiographical essay, Orwell recounts his days as a pupil at St Cyprian's preparatory school in Eastbourne, Sussex. He reflects on a 'world of force and fraud and secrecy,' where the actual 'pattern of school life' was played out as a continuous triumph of the strong over the weak. Reflecting on the hypocrisy of Edwardian society, Orwell condemns the education he received as 'a preparation for a sort of confidence trick,' designed mercinarily to prepare pupils for exams without concern for real knowledge or understanding. This is Orwell as political dissident and supreme chronicler of class conflict.
Vypredané
3,50 €

Burmese Days


Set in the days of the Empire, with the British ruling in Burma, Burmese Days describes both indigenous corruption and Imperial bigotry, when 'after all, natives were natives - interesting, no doubt, but finally only a "subject" people, an inferior people with black faces'. Against the prevailing orthodoxy, Flory, a white timber merchant, befriends Dr Veraswami, a black enthusiast for Empire. The doctor needs help. U Po Kyin, Sub- divisional Magistrate of Kyauktada, is plotting his downfall. The only thing that can save him is European patronage: membership of the hitherto all-white Club. While Flory prevaricates, beautiful Elizabeth Lackersteen arrives in Upper Burma from Paris. At last, after years of 'solitary hell', romance and marriage appear to offer Flory an escape from the 'lie' of the 'pukka sahib pose'.
Vypredané
8,95 €

Keep the Aspidistra Flying


Gordon Comstock loathes dull, middle-class respectability and worship of money. He gives up a 'good job' in advertising to work part-time in a bookshop, giving him more time to write. But he slides instead into a self-induced poverty that destroys his creativity and his spirit. Only Rosemary, ever-faithful Rosemary, has the strength to challenge his commitment to his chosen way of life. Through the character of Gordon Comstock, Orwell reveals his own disaffection with the society he once himself renounced.
Vypredané
8,95 €

Lev a jednorožec : Eseje I. (1928–1941)


Slavné eseje „Poprava oběšením“, „Jak jsem střílel slona“, „Uvnitř velryby“, „Lev a jednorožec“, či recenze na Obratník Raka Henryho Millera a Mein Kampf Adolfa Hitlera patří mezi 51 textů, které George Orwell napsal v letech 1928 až 1941. Ve svých publicistických dílech vystupoval nejen jako myslitel a homo politicus, ale především jako člověk vztahující se k druhým, „a fellow human being“; zabýval se sociálními, ekonomickými, a především obecně lidskými otázkami. Jeho eseje dodnes nabízejí příklad, jak lze k životu, myšlení i psaní přistupovat jednoduše a ryze, a staví na přesvědčení, že bez ohledu na ideologie je potřeba zůstat slušným a čestným člověkem. Plánovaný čtyřsvazkový projekt nakladatelství Argo, nazvaný Eseje I.–IV., bude obsahovat celkem 241 esejí, včetně Orwellových literárních recenzí a proslulých novinových sloupků „As I Please“. V této podobě se bude jednat o nejúplnější, nejširší a naprosto vyčerpávající souhrn Orwellových esejí v češtině.
Iba v predajni
21,89 €

Down and Out in Paris and London


Renowned urban artist Shepard Fairey's new look for Orwell's classic account of life on the streets. To be poor and destitute in 1920s Paris and London was to experience life at its lowest ebb. George Orwell, penniless and with nowhere to go, found himself experiencing just this as he wandered the streets of both capitals in search of a job. By day, he tramped the streets, often passing time with 'screevers' or street artists, drunks and other hobos. At night, he stood in line for a bed in a 'spike' or doss house, where a cup of sugary tea, a hunk of stale bread and a blanket were the only sustenance and comfort on offer. Down and Out in Paris and London is George Orwell's haunting account of the streets and those who have no choice but to
Vypredané
14,11 €

Animal Farm - audiokniha


'All animals are equal. But some animals are more equal than others.' Animal Farm - the history of a revolution that went wrong - is George Orwell's brilliant satire on the corrupting influence of power. Mr Jones of Manor Farm is so lazy and drunken that one day he forgets to feed his livestock. The ensuing rebellion under the leadership of the pigs Napoleon and Snowball leads to the animals taking over the farm. Vowing to eliminate the terrible inequities of the farmyard, the renamed Animal Farm is organised to benefit all who walk on four legs. But as time passes, the ideals of the rebellion are corrupted, then forgotten. And something new and unexpected emerges...Tamsin Greig, Nicky Henson and Toby Jones star in this new drama, part of BBC Radio 4's The Real George Orwell season - a Radio 4 journey that explores the disjuncture between the man who was Eric Blair and the writer who was George Orwell.
Vypredané
18,20 €

Lacná audiokniha Animal Farm - audiokniha (-50%)


'All animals are equal. But some animals are more equal than others.' Animal Farm - the history of a revolution that went wrong - is George Orwell's brilliant satire on the corrupting influence of power. Mr Jones of Manor Farm is so lazy and drunken that one day he forgets to feed his livestock. The ensuing rebellion under the leadership of the pigs Napoleon and Snowball leads to the animals taking over the farm. Vowing to eliminate the terrible inequities of the farmyard, the renamed Animal Farm is organised to benefit all who walk on four legs. But as time passes, the ideals of the rebellion are corrupted, then forgotten. And something new and unexpected emerges...Tamsin Greig, Nicky Henson and Toby Jones star in this new drama, part of BBC Radio 4's The Real George Orwell season - a Radio 4 journey that explores the disjuncture between the man who was Eric Blair and the writer who was George Orwell.
Vypredané
9,10 € 18,20€

dostupné aj ako:

1984


his is the essential edition of the essential book of modern times, "1984", now annotated for students with an introduction by D. J. Taylor. Ever since its publication in 1949, George Orwell's terrifying vision of a totalitarian regime where Big Brother controls its citizens like 'a boot stamping on a human face' has become a touchstone for human freedom, and one of the most widely-read books in the world. In this new annotated edition Orwell's biographer D. J. Taylor elucidates the full meaning of this timeless satire, explaining contemporary references in the novel, placing it in the context of Orwell's life, elaborating on his extraordinary use of language and explaining the terms such as Newspeak, Doublethink and Room 101 that have become familiar phrases today.
Vypredané
9,50 €

Down and out in Paris and London


George Orwell's vivid memoir of his time living among the desperately poor and destitute, "Down and Out in Paris and London" is a moving tour of the underworld of society from the author of "1984", published with an introduction by Dervla Murphy in "Penguin Modern Classics". 'You have talked so often of going to the dogs - and well, here are the dogs, and you have reached them.' Written when Orwell was a struggling writer in his twenties, it documents his 'first contact with poverty'. Here, he painstakingly documents a world of unrelenting drudgery and squalor - sleeping in bug-infested hostels and doss houses of last resort, working as a dishwasher in Paris' vile 'Hotel X', surviving on scraps and cigarette butts, living alongside tramps, a star-gazing pavement artist and a starving Russian ex-army captain. Exposing a shocking, previously-hidden world to his readers, Orwell gave a human face to the statistics of poverty for the first time - and in doing so, found his voice as a writer. Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950), better known by his pen-name, George Orwell, was born in India, where his father worked for the Civil Service. An author and journalist, Orwell was one of the most prominent and influential figures in twentieth-century literature.
Vypredané
9,00 €

1984


George Orwell's dystopian masterpiece, Nineteen Eighty-Four is perhaps the most pervasively influential book of the twentieth century, making famous Big Brother, newspeak and Room 101. 'Who controls the past controls the future: who controls the present controls the past' Hidden away in the Record Department of the sprawling Ministry of Truth, Winston Smith skilfully rewrites the past to suit the needs of the Party. Yet he inwardly rebels against the totalitarian world he lives in, which demands absolute obedience and controls him through the all-seeing telescreens and the watchful eye of Big Brother, symbolic head of the Party. In his longing for truth and liberty, Smith begins a secret love affair with a fellow-worker Julia, but soon discovers the true price of freedom is betrayal. Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950), better known by his pen-name, George Orwell, was born in India, where his father worked for the Civil Service. An author and journalist, Orwell was one of the most prominent and influential figures in twentieth-century literature. His unique political allegory Animal Farm was published in 1945, and it was this novel, together with the dystopia of Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), which brought him world-wide fame. All his novels and non-fiction, including Burmese Days (1934), Down and Out in Paris and London (1933), The Road to Wigan Pier (1937) and Homage to Catalonia (1938) are published in Penguin Modern Classics. If you enjoyed Nineteen Eighty-Four, you might like Orwell's Animal Farm, also available in Penguin Great Orwell.
Vypredané
12,30 €

Homage to Catalonia


Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic Socialism as I understand it'. Thus wrote Orwell following his experiences as a militiaman in the Spanish Civil War, chronicled in "Homage to Catalonia". Here he brings to bear all the force of his humanity, passion and clarity, describing with bitter intensity the bright hopes and cynical betrayals of that chaotic episode: the revolutionary euphoria of Barcelona, the courage of ordinary Spanish men and women he fought alongside, the terror and confusion of the front, his near-fatal bullet wound and the vicious treachery of his supposed allies. Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950), better known by his pen-name, George Orwell, was born in India, where his father worked for the Civil Service. An author and journalist, Orwell was one of the most prominent and influential figures in twentieth-century literature. His unique political allegory "Animal Farm" was published in 1945, and it was this novel, together with the dystopia of "Nineteen Eighty-Four" (1949), which brought him world-wide fame. All his novels and non-fiction, including "Burmese Days" (1934), "Down and Out in Paris and London" (1933), "The Road to Wigan Pier" (1937) and "Homage to Catalonia" (1938) are published in "Penguin Modern Classics". If you enjoyed "Homage to Catalonia", you might like Orwell's "The Road to Wigan Pier", also available in "Penguin Modern Classics". "An unrivalled picture of the rumours, suspicions and treachery of the civil war". (Anthony Beevor, author of "D-Day"). "A war story that is both brutally honest and lyrically beautiful". (Michael Shelden, "Daily Telegraph", Books of the Century).
Vypredané
9,00 €

Animal Farm


George Orwell's chilling fable of Soviet Russia's brutal dictatorship, "Animal Farm" brings to life in lucid, uncomplicated language the disastrous project of Russian Communism. This "Penguin Modern Classics" edition includes an introduction by Malcolm Bradbury. 'All animals are equal - but some are more equal than others'. When the downtrodden animals of Manor Farm overthrow their master Mr Jones and take over the farm themselves, they imagine it is the beginning of a life of freedom and equality. But gradually a cunning, ruthless elite among them, masterminded by the pigs Napoleon and Snowball, starts to take control. Soon the other animals discover that they are not all as equal as they thought, and find themselves hopelessly ensnared as one form of tyranny is replaced with another. 'It is the history of a revolution that went wrong - and of the excellent excuses that were forthcoming at every step for the perversion of the original doctrine,' wrote Orwell for the first edition of "Animal Farm" in 1945. Orwell wrote the novel at the end of 1943, but it almost remained unpublished; its savage attack on Stalin, at that time Britain's ally, led to the book being refused by publisher after publisher. Orwell's simple, tragic fable has since become a world-famous classic. Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950), better known by his pen-name, George Orwell, was born in India, where his father worked for the Civil Service. An author and journalist, Orwell was one of the most prominent and influential figures in twentieth-century literature. His unique political allegory "Animal Farm" was published in 1945, and it was this novel, together with the dystopia of "Nineteen Eighty-Four" (1949), which brought him world-wide fame. All his novels and non-fiction, including "Burmese Days" (1934), "Down and Out in Paris and London" (1933), "The Road to Wigan Pier" (1937) and "Homage to Catalonia" (1938) are published in "Penguin Modern Classics". If you enjoyed "Animal Farm", you might like Orwell's "Nineteen Eighty-Four", also available in "Penguin Modern Classics". "It is the book for everyone and Everyman, its brightness undimmed after fifty years". (Ruth Rendell, "Daily Telegraph" Books of the Century).
Vypredané
9,00 €

Állatfarm


Az Európa Könyvkiadó 1991. szeptemberében indította el megújított, külsejében is vonzóbb sorozatát. Alaposan, minden részletre kiterjedő figyelemmel tervezte meg az összeállítást, hiszen a világirodalom és a magyar irodalom remekműveinek kiadásával egyszerre kíván segítséget nyújtani tanárnak, diáknak s valamennyi felnőtt irodalomkedvelőnek. Nemcsak megjelenteti az általános iskolások és a középiskolások számára ajánlott műveket, hanem arról is gondoskodik, hogy ezek állandóan kaphatók legyenek a könyvesboltokban. Már eddig is oly sok fontos kötet látott napvilágot ebben a sorozatban, hogy felsorolásukra itt aligha lenne elegendő hely. A kötetekhez mellékelt könyvjelzőn azonban valamennyi szerző neve és művének címe megtalálható, ki-ki kedvére végigböngészheti, és örömmel állapíthatja meg, hogy könyvtárában a klasszikusok sorát alkalmasint egy újabb kötettel gazdagíthatja. Műköltészeti és népköltészeti alkotások, versek és novellák, kisregények, regények és drámák kínálnak maradandó olvasmányélményt fiataloknak, idősebbeknek egyaránt. Orwell 1943-44-ben írott műve, amelynek a szerző a "Tündérmese" alcímet adta, ténylegesen a sztálini korszak szatírája, a Lenin halálától a szovjet-német megnemtámadási egyezményig terjedő időszakban, de természetesen minden elnyomó, totalitárius rendszerre ráillik. Egy angol farm, Mr. Jones "Major"-ja a színhely, ahol az állatok a disznók vezetésével megdöntik az Ember uralmát, és a maguk igazgatta Állatfarmon élik először szabadnak, derűsnek látszó, majd egyre jobban elkomoruló életüket. Az 1984 írójának már ebben a művében is nagy szerepet játszik a történelmi dokumentumok meghamisításának motívuma. Visszamenőlegesen megváltoznak, majd feledésbe merülnek az állatok hajdani ideológusának, az Őrnagynak eszméi, a Napóleon nevű nagy kan ragadja magához a hatalmat, és természetesen mindig a megfelelő ideológiai magyarázattal egyre zordabb diktatúrát kényszerít állattársaira. A kezdeti jelszó pedig - Minden állat egyenlő - érdekesen módosul...
Vypredané
3,81 €