Najnovšie - História strana 87 z 161
zobraziť:
Nagato-Class Battleships
A pictorial guide to the Imperial Japanese Navy''s Nagato-class battleships, Nagato and Mutsu. The Nagato-class battleships, Nagato and Mutsu, were super-dreadnought-type vessels launched just after the end of the First World War. Mutsu exploded while at anchor in port in 1943. More than 1,000 were killed; the cause remains unknown to this day. Nagato survived the war and was sunk during the American nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll; the wreck is widely considered one of the premier diving destinations in the world. This is the illustrated history of both ships, including a historical synopsis, full technical description, and more than 100 photographs and diagrams. Naval historians Lars Ahlberg and Hans Lengerer have established themselves as experts on and specialists in the warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy during WWII. Their work is differentiated by being primarily driven by the utilization of Japanese-language primary source material.
Postwar Europe
Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, InspiringThe Second World War was the most destructive conflict in history. It left Europe in ruins, its economies severely damaged and millions of its people facing malnutrition, its political systems shaken if not destroyed. Yet three decades later its economies had recovered; it largely appeared politically stable; its inhabitants generally were well housed and well fed. Then at the end of the 1980s, the postwar settlement disintegrated, and a new chapter in Europe''s postwar history had begun.In this Very Short introduction, Richard Bessel presents a clear, concise, informative account of Europe''s history between the end of the Second World War and roughly the end of the twentieth century. He explores the conditions in Europe at the end of the war, how political life took shape and societies were rebuilt, the impressive economic recovery, the Cold War division, the end of empire, and European cultural life. Bessel discusses how we might understand the beginnings and endings of the postwar era, and emphasises the importance of the experiences and actions of specific generations of Europeans. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Kursk 1943
A history and analysis of the fierce air war over the huge battlefield of Kursk, where the Soviets for the first time fought the all-conquering Luftwaffe to a standstill.The battle of Kursk was the last opportunity for the Luftwaffe to fully support a large-scale offensive, and was the Soviet air forces’ first success in battling their opponents to a standstill during summer months. Aiming to gain a success to stabilize the Eastern Front for the summer, Hitler ordered a concerted attack intended to cut off and destroy Red Army forces holding the Kursk salient. It turned into the greatest tank clash of the war. In this book Soviet military expert William E. Hiestand explains how the complex air war over Kursk played out. With both sides deploying new aircraft specifically designed for destroying tanks, massive engagements took place above the clashes of armor. It was a simultaneous struggle to attain air superiority while bringing their Stukas, Hs 129s, and Il-2 Shturmoviks down for repeated low-level attack runs in the face of enemy fighters and antiaircraft fire. But the campaign also involved strategic bombing behind the front lines, attacking airfields and rail junctions. Offering a day-by-day examination of the air forces’ actions, this book reveals the scale and intensity of the combat over the Kursk salient, the great turning point of the Eastern Front campaign.
The Mirror of Great Britain
A major reassessment of one of Britain’s most strange and fascinating kings, James I of England and VI of Scotland James VI & I, who died 400 years ago, was one of Britain’s most consequential and interesting monarchs, not least in creating the British monarchy itself by joining the English and Scottish thrones. A major intellectual, James''s preoccupations ranged from witchcraft and theological controversy to hunting, diplomacy, poetry and sartorial fashion. The ''Mirror of Great Britain'' was a spectacular jewel that gave symbolic endorsement to James''s vision of British union, but mirrors themselves - with their limitless capacity to magnify, illuminate and distort - supplied James with one of his favourite literary metaphors. Ruler of Scotland for nearly four decades before his accession to the English throne in 1603, James was a ‘cradle king’ whose long reigns encompassed extraordinary dramas, including his abduction in the ‘Ruthven Raid’ in 1582 and his attempted assassination in the Gunpowder Plot of 1605. In his lifetime, James often confounded contemporaries’ expectations while his posthumous reputation has been distorted by crude stereotypes.Closely attentive to James’s own words – in numerous publications, manuscript musings, topical verse and private correspondence – Clare Jackson''s wonderful new book tells the story of this highly unusual monarch with great flair and insight.
Scipio Africanus
Scipio Africanus (235–183 BC) commanded his first army at the age of 25, led a daring invasion in Africa to personally defeat Hannibal and secured Rome’s dominance over the Mediterranean. In ten years of command he never lost a battle, employing bold strategies to triumph over six enemy generals. Charismatic, ruthless and self-confident almost to the point of arrogance, Scipio was the first Roman leader hailed as Imperator, ‘victorious commander’, a title later adopted by emperors. He drove Carthage’s forces from Spain and annexed its territories, and later imposed terms on Antiochus III, extending Rome’s reach eastward; yet political jealousy at home led to his bitter exile. This biography explores the fortunes, fame and fate of a leader who outshone Caesar in military genius.
Conflict and Loyalty
Jacobitism, the cause championed by the exiled Stuart royal house, endured from the Revolution of 1688–91 until 1807, fuelled by plots, propaganda and uprisings – especially in Scotland. As the movement shifted from exiled courts in France and Italy to a wider diaspora, Jacobites spread across Europe, the Americas, Africa and Asia. From soldiers in European armies to settlers in British American colonies, Jacobites left a global impact: aiding Native American resistance yet also engaging in the enslavement of Black Africans. Their experiences abroad influenced European Enlightenment and Romanticism. This book offers a critical yet sympathetic view of Jacobitism, revealing its complex legacy across the world.
The Duel
John Diefenbaker has been unfairly treated by history. Although he wrestled with personal demons, his governments launched major reforms in public health care, law reform and immigration. On his watch, First Nations on reserve obtained the right to vote and the federal government began to open up the North. He established Canada as a leader in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa, and took the first steps in making Canada a leader in the fight against nuclear proliferation. And Diefenbaker''s Bill of Rights laid the groundwork for the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. He set in motion many of the achievements credited to his successor, Lester B. Pearson. Pearson, in turn, gave coherence to Diefenbaker''s piecemeal reforms. He also pushed Parliament to adopt a new, and now much-loved, Canadian flag against Diefenbaker''s fierce opposition. Pearson understood that if Canada were to be taken seriously as a nation, it must develop a stronger sense of self. Pearson was superbly prepared for the role of prime minister: decades of experience at External Affairs, respected by leaders from Washington to Delhi to Beijing, the only Canadian to win the Nobel Prize for Peace. Diefenbaker was the better politician, though. If Pearson walked with ease in the halls of power, Diefenbaker connected with the farmers and small-town merchants and others left outside the inner circles. Diefenbaker was one of the great orators of Canadian political life; Pearson spoke with a slight lisp. Diefenbaker was the first to get his name in the papers, as a crusading attorney: Diefenbaker for the Defence, champion of the little man. But he struggled as a politician, losing five elections before making it into the House of Commons, until his ascension to the Progressive Conservative leadership in 1956 through a freakish political accident. As a young university professor, Pearson caught the attention of the powerful men who were shaping Canada''s first true department of foreign affairs, rising to prominence as the helpful fixer, the man both sides trusted, the embodiment of a new country that had earned its place through war in the counsels of the great powers: ambassador, undersecretary, minister, peacemaker. Everyone knew he was destined to be prime minister. But in 1957, destiny took a detour. Then they faced each other, Diefenbaker v Pearson, across the House of Commons, leaders of their parties, each determined to wrest and hold power, in a decade-long contest that would shake and shape the country.
Wild Men and Holy Places
Drawing upon historical research and archaeological discoveries, Daphne Brooke brings to life the events and personalities of the ancient realm of Galloway from Roman times until the fifteenth century. This mysterious region of south-west Scotland has for centuries attracted pilgrims to its holy places, especially Whithorn, ever since St Ninian founded Candida Casa (now known as Whithorn) in the early Christian era. Galloway’s troubles began in Roman times, when the territory was occupied by Britons who had little in common with their northern neighbours, the Picts and the Scots. A few centuries later, the rulers of Northumbria held sway over Galloway, binding the two provinces in culture. But Galloway’s sense of identity was stronger than its recognition of shared interests. The region stubbornly resisted Anglo-Norman domination and assimilation into the Kingdom of Scotland.Oram’s new introduction appraises the significance of Wild Men and Holy Places in the new historiography of Scotland that emerged at the close of the twentieth century and its place in the radical revision of our understanding of conversion and state-building in the Early Historic and medieval eras. It explores how Brooke’s interdisciplinary approach to the poorly documented history of Galloway set a new benchmark for accessible history: she stimulated wider research of this under-studied region, and her enduring impact still shapes public understanding of the role of St Ninian, the Northumbrians, Gall Gaidhil and the kings and lords of Galloway in the story of Scotland’s making.
Locomotion
On 27 September 1825, the steam engine known as Locomotion No.1 hauled the first passenger train on the opening day of the Stockton & Darlington Railway - paving the way for modern rail travel and reshaping the British landscape for ever. Celebrating 200 years of railway journeys, sixteen authors take a journey through personal memories, history and poetry. Join them on an adventure into the past glory of steam and engine sheds, along heritage lines and 21st century main lines, through feats of British engineering, the rise of diesel and electric, and aboard the famed Orient Express. A glorious pocketbook of 200 years of rail travel told through memoir and verse, with photographs 'The constant clatter, a manmade steel lullabyA gentle sway of carriages as changing landscapes rattle by ...' Featuring Diana Alexander, James Armstrong, CarolineBradley, Myles Cutler, Bronwen R. Evans, Asma Khan, Rebecca McDowall, Sally Mills,Jeff Nicholls, F. David Potter, Graham Powell, Margaret Royall, Stuart Samuel,Anne Swan, Tim Taylor and Julie Wiltshire
Magna Carta
A beautifully produced account of the signing, impact and legacy of Magna Carta, a document that became one of the most influential statements in the history of democracy, as part of the stunning landmark library series. On a summer''s day in 1215 a beleaguered English monarch met a group of disgruntled barons in a meadow by the river Thames named Runnymede. Beset by foreign crisis and domestic rebellion, King John was fast running out of options. On 15 June he reluctantly agreed to fix his regal seal to a document that would change the world. A milestone in the development of constitutional politics and the rule of law, the ''Great Charter'' established an Englishman''s right to Habeas Corpus and set limits to the exercise of royal power. For the first time a group of subjects had forced an English king to agree to a document that limited his powers by law and protected their rights. Dan Jones''s elegant and authoritative narrative of the making and legacy of Magna Carta is amplified by profiles of the barons who secured it and a full text of the charter in both Latin and English.
Devon's Forgotten Witches
Witchcraft and witches throughout history have long captured the imagination, yet hidden away in archives are records of long forgotten cases. Many of these are tragic, some are unusual – perhaps even inexplicable – but all are fascinating in their own right.Devon’s Forgotten Witches 1860–1910 takes a deep dive through these records, bringing to the surface accusations of witchcraft in the county that have languished, unacknowledged, in the British Newspaper Archive for decades. These are the stories of ordinary people whose lives were touched in some way by witchcraft.Tracey Norman and Mark Norman examine these cases within their historical context, pulling together details from various news reports to explore what might really have happened. This work provides an intriguing snapshot of press coverage in the Victorian and Edwardian eras, showing how the public were urged to view those who still put their faith in ‘incredible superstition’. Most importantly, the retelling of these stories gives a new voice to those whom the historical record has silenced.
Misread Signals
''It is inspirational.’ – Helen Fry, author of Women in Intelligence''An important and exciting contribution to the history.’ – Clare Mulley, author of Agent ZoBletchley Park is remembered as a land of male intellectuals who were supported by a staff of women in menial roles, with figures such as Alan Turing, William Tutte and John Tiltman taking centre stage. These are the men who worked on the fearsome Enigma and Lorenz ciphering systems – the men who helped sway the course of the war in the Allies’ favour.But, as is often the case in the historical record, this is not the whole story. Women were not just secretaries and assistants: they had serious full-on codebreaking roles. And this was not just at Bletchley, or in the UK, or even only in the Second World War. These were women like Margaret Rock, who solved Enigma and other machine problems; Agnes Driscoll, the first US Navy codebreaker; and Asta Friedrichs, who postwar became a prime source for information on German Foreign Office codebreaking. Yet, when the histories were written, these women – and many more besides – somehow got left out.Who were they? What did they achieve? How did they ‘vanish’? In Misread Signals, expert codebreaking historian Dermot Turing turns his attention to these long-ignored women and puts their contributions back in the spotlight where they belong.
The Deadly Game
‘This was life in the Force Research Unit, and this was how we ran agent operations. Will is revelatory, insightful, thoughtful and honest. It doesn’t get better or more real than this!’ – ‘TC’ GM, QGM, recruiter of ‘Stakeknife’SOUTH ARMAGH, NORTHERN IRELAND, 1983. Will Britten, 23, has just qualified as an agent handler for the British Army’s ultra-secret Force Research Unit. He and a fellow agent handler complete the detailed paperwork following a covert meet with one of the Detachment’s most important agents, who has successfully infiltrated ‘Mad Dog’ McGlinchey’s INLA Active Service Unit.A few days later, there is a phone call. The draft Contact Form wasn’t put in the burn bag. Both PIRA and INLA now know his real name.What would you do?The Deadly Game is the memoir of a military intelligence officer with the FRU – a unit so secret that the rest of the army barely knew it existed. Their role was to infiltrate terrorist cells on both sides of the Troubles, to gather intelligence and disrupt them from the inside. In this updated edition, Will Britten provides a unique insight into one of the most successful intelligence units of all time, and the part they played in ultimately bringing Republican terror to the negotiating table.
Codename SICILYWAR: Archaeology, Museums, and Social Networks under Threat in Sicily during World War II
Codename SICILYWAR is a multidisciplinary, innovative investigation into the impact of World War II on archaeological sites and museums in Sicily (1940–45). The island’s cultural and archaeological heritage was under major threat from Allied bombing, landing and military occupation. The book has three main aims. Firstly, it investigates how national, local civilian and military authorities dealt with discoveries of archaeological finds in the area from construction of military structures by the Italian and Allied forces to the protection of antiquities. Secondly, it looks to reconstruct contexts and social networks involving the national and military authorities, archaeologists and local communities, acting and ‘clashing’ in a state of war and emergency. Finally, it contextualises Sicilian archaeology on the wider European stage, comparing Sicily with other European contexts.The book benefits from a thorough analysis of hundreds of newly-discovered documents (dispatches, letters, reports, pictures, etc.) which are included in a substantial appendix. Social contexts are assessed by a four-level system to identify networks on a national, regional, local and supranational scale. Through the lens of archaeology, history, archival records, museum, social and military studies, the book will benefit a variety of scholars and experts who are jointly interested in the study of Sicilian antiquities, local communities and war contexts in the 1930s and 1940s.
Testimony and Historical Knowledge
This Element explores the relation between historiography and testimony as a question about what it means to know and understand the past historically. In contrast with the recent rapprochement between memory accounts and history in historical theory, the Element argues for the importance of attending to conceptually distinct relations to past actions and events in historical thinking compared with testimony. The conceptual distinctiveness of history is elucidated by placing historical theory in dialogue with the epistemology of testimony and classical philosophy of history. By clarifying the rejection of testimony inherent in the evidential paradigm of modern historical research, this Element provides a thoroughgoing account of the ways in which historical knowledge and understanding relates to testimony. The argument is that the role of testimony in historiography is fundamentally shaped by the questioning-activity at the core of critical historical research. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
AI, Automation, and War
Why AI will not replace human strategic judgement in warIs AI about to automate war? Will autonomous drone swarms and killer robots controlled by AI dominate the battlespace and determine the winner? In AI, Automation, and War, Anthony King debunks this science fiction–tinged narrative of AI’s military potential, exploring instead the actual applications of AI by the armed forces over the last decade. He finds that AI is not going to replace human commanders and combatants; the machines are not about to take over. Rather, the military has used, and will continue to use, AI to process data at a scale and speed that exceeds the capacity of humans. AI will be used primarily to improve military understanding and intelligence. King explains that military commanders, enabled by the data processing power of AI, will be able to see the battlespace at a previously unattainable depth, fidelity, and speed. AI will help the armed forces plan, target, and conduct cyber operations faster and more effectively. In order to harness AI in this way, however, a radical organisational transformation is taking place. The armed forces are integrating civilian technologists into operational headquarters to work alongside military staff. This partnership between the armed forces and the technology sector signals the emergence of a military-tech complex that promises to be as powerful in this century as the military-industrial complex was in the last.
Knowledge Lost
A compelling alternative account of the history of knowledge from the Renaissance to the EnlightenmentUntil now the history of knowledge has largely been about formal and documented accumulation, concentrating on systems, collections, academies, and institutions. The central narrative has been one of advancement, refinement, and expansion. Martin Mulsow tells a different story. Knowledge can be lost: manuscripts are burned, oral learning dies with its bearers, new ideas are suppressed by censors. Knowledge Lost is a history of efforts, from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, to counter such loss. It describes how critics of ruling political and religious regimes developed tactics to preserve their views; how they buried their ideas in footnotes and allusions; how they circulated their tracts and treatises in handwritten copies; and how they commissioned younger scholars to spread their writings after death. Filled with exciting stories, Knowledge Lost follows the trail of precarious knowledge through a series of richly detailed episodes. It deals not with the major themes of metaphysics and epistemology, but rather with interpretations of the Bible, Orientalism, and such marginal zones as magic. And it focuses not on the usual major thinkers, but rather on forgotten or half-forgotten members of the “knowledge underclass,” such as Pietro della Vecchia, a libertine painter and intellectual; Charles-César Baudelot, an antiquarian and numismatist; and Johann Christoph Wolf, a pastor, Hebrew scholar, and witness to the persecution of heretics. Offering a fascinating new approach to the intellectual history of early modern Europe, Knowledge Lost is also an ambitious attempt to rethink the very concept of knowledge.
The Ancient Celts, Second Edition
Fierce warriors and skilled craftsmen, the Celts were famous throughout the Ancient Mediterranean World. They were the archetypal barbarians from the north and were feared by both Greeks and Romans. For two and a half thousand years they have continued to fascinate those who have come into contact with them, yet their origins have remained a mystery and even today are the subject of heated debate among historians and archaeologists.Barry Cunliffe''s classic study of the ancient Celtic world was first published in 1997. Since then huge advances have taken place in our knowledge: new finds, new ways of using DNA records to understand Celtic origins, new ideas about the proto-urban nature of early chieftains'' strongholds, All these developments are part of this fully updated , and completely redesigned edition.Cunliffe explores the archaeological reality of these bold warriors and skilled craftsmen of barbarian Europe who inspired fear in both the Greeks and the Romans. He investigates the texts of the classical writers and contrasts their view of the Celts with current archaeological findings. Tracing the emergence of chiefdoms and the fifth- to third-century migrations as far as Bosnia and the Czech Republic, he assesses the disparity between the traditional story and the most recent historical and archaeological evidence on the Celts.Other aspects of Celtic identity such as the cultural diversity of the tribes, their social and religious systems, art, language and law, are also examined. From the picture that emerges, we are -- crucially -- able to distinguish between the original Celts, and those tribes which were ''Celtized'', giving us an invaluable insight into the true identity of this ancient people.
The Colonization of Names
French colonization dismantled Algerian names. Under the occupation that began in 1830, not only were Algerian towns and streets renamed in honor of French figures, but personal names were forced to follow French conventions and norms. Colonial authorities simplified and transformed Algerian names to suit their administrative and legal purposes, crudely transcribing and transliterating Arabic and Berber. They imposed a two-part name and surname model that stripped away the extended family ties and social context inherent to precolonial naming practices. This groundbreaking history of personal names in nineteenth-century Algeria sheds new light on the symbolic violence of renaming and the relationship between language and colonialism. Benjamin Claude Brower traces the changes Algerians’ personal names suffered during the colonial era and the consequences for individuals and society. France’s imposition of new names, he argues, destabilized Algerians’ sense of self and place in the community, distorted local identities, and compromised institutions such as the family. Drawing on previously unstudied records, Brower examines different northwestern African naming traditions and how colonialism changed them. With the aid of literary and critical theory, he develops new insights into the name and its relationship to power and subjectivity. A rigorous theoretical and historical account of symbolic violence, The Colonization of Names unveils many unseen forms of harm under colonial rule.
Pridajte sa k nám na ceste časom s našou komplexnou kolekciou encyklopédií zaoberajúcich sa históriou. Táto kategória obsahuje všetko od praveku až po súčasnosť. Študujte historické udalosti, významné osobnosti, dôležité civilizácie a momenty, ktoré formovali svet, v ktorom žijeme dnes. Ideálne pre študentov, učiteľov, ako aj pre všeobecných historických nadšencov, naše encyklopédie sú zdrojom nevyčerpaných informácií a zábavného poznávania.
Mnohé encyklopédie sú bohato ilustrované, čo umožňuje čitateľom lepšie vizualizovať a porozumieť historickým udalostiam a obdobiam.
