Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné - História strana 52 z 161
História 
Príroda 
Vesmír, veda a technika 
Ľudské telo, človek 
Encyklopédie - ostatné
zobraziť:
Fifth Sun
In November 1519, Hernando Cortés walked along a causeway leading to the capital of the Aztec kingdom and came face to face with Moctezuma. That story--and the story of what happened afterwards--has been told many times, but always following the narrative offered by the Spaniards. After all, we have been taught, it was the Europeans who held the pens. But the Native Americans were intrigued by the Roman alphabet and, unbeknownst to the newcomers, they used it to write detailed histories in their own language of Nahuatl. Until recently, these sources remained obscure, only partially translated, and rarely consulted by scholars. For the first time, in Fifth Sun, the history of the Aztecs is offered in all its complexity based solely on the texts written by the indigenous people themselves. Camilla Townsend presents an accessible and humanized depiction of these native Mexicans, rather than seeing them as the exotic, bloody figures of European stereotypes. The conquest, in this work, is neither an apocalyptic moment, nor an origin story launching Mexicans into existence. The Mexica people had a history of their own long before the Europeans arrived and did not simply capitulate to Spanish culture and colonization. Instead, they realigned their political allegiances, accommodated new obligations, adopted new technologies, and endured. This engaging revisionist history of the Aztecs, told through their own words, explores the experience of a once-powerful people facing the trauma of conquest and finding ways to survive, offering an empathetic interpretation for experts and non-specialists alike.
Hansando and Busan 1592
A detailed look at Admiral Yi''s four 1592 sorties that defeated the Japanese navy and established him as a national hero.In 1592, Korean Admiral Yi Sun-sin planned a series of attacks against the Japanese navy. His first two campaigns saw him destroy several isolated Japanese squadrons engaged in coastal raiding activities. Once informed of these attacks, Toyotomi Hideyoshi ordered his daimyos to assemble their ships in a dedicated task force to meet Yi in battle. In his third campaign, Yi was able to successfully lure out a Japanese fleet and destroy it in August at the Battle of Hansando. Yi and his ships then sunk fleets at Angolpo. To capitalize on this victory, the Koreans then bombarded the Japanese fleet at Busan in September.With period images, colourful artwork and detailed maps, this book delves into Admiral Yi''s tactics, which were decisive to stopping the momentum of the Japanese advance into Korea. These naval engagements destabilized the Japanese grip on the southern coast and ended hopes of sustaining their armies by sea. Historian Yuhan Kim brings to life the actions of one of the greatest naval commanders in the world and explores why Admiral Yi was so successful.
The Indian Army at War 1947–99
This absorbing study describes and illustrates the Indian Army forces that fought in five wars during the second half of the 20th century.The Indian Army is the world’s largest volunteer army, with an enviable history and tradition of valour and gallantry. It was involved in warfare soon after India’s independence and has fought five wars between 1947 and 1999, notably against Pakistan (1947–48, 1965, 1971 and 1999) but also against China (1962). Besides these, the Indian Army has been involved in smaller internal conflicts and counter-insurgency operations, some of which continue. The Indian Army has also carried out two military interventions overseas, namely in the Maldives (1988) and in Sri Lanka (1987–90).The troops who fought in these operations, culminating in 1999’s Kargil War against Pakistan, are described and illustrated in this book, written by an Indian Army veteran. The Indian Army’s evolving uniforms, insignia and personal equipment are depicted in photographs, some previously unpublished, and eight plates of original colour artwork. The book is an important contribution to our understanding of the Indian Army’s contribution to global military history since Independence in 1947.
The Home Front
Prior to the American Revolution, the urban centers of colonial North America had little direct experience of war. With the outbreak of violence, British forces occupied every major city, invading the most private of spaces: the home. By closely considering the dynamics of the household —how people moved within it, thought about it, and wielded power over it— The Home Front reveals the ways in which occupation fundamentally upended the structures of colonial society and created opportunities for unprecedented economic and social mobility. In occupied cities, British officers usurped male authority to quarter themselves with families, patriot wives governed households in their husbands' absence, daughters flirted with officers, domestic servants disappeared with soldiers, and enslaved kin absconded to British lines in pursuit of freedom. As Lauren Duval shows, the unique conditions of occupation produced an aggrieved American population bound by shared emotional distress and domestic disorder. In the wake of this deeply disorienting experience, elite Americans deliberately reconsecrated the private home as a national symbol that epitomized masculine authority. Building on a stunning wealth of primary sources, Duval vividly captures daily life during the Revolution through the eyes and ears of those who intimately experienced it, showing how men and women of all races, statuses, and states of freedom understood its implications for their lives, families, and the nascent American Republic.
'If Any Person Will Meddle of My Cause'
Heather R. Darsie reviews the political missteps and implications of Anne Boleyn’s queenship. She dives deeper into the threat Anne posed to Henry, and why legal changes made during the early years of the English Reformation allowed Henry VIII to judicially murder his inconvenient queen. Anne’s choice of attire, reported last words, mode of execution, and burial all point to a significant religious element which has not been explored before. Anne wore colours traditionally associated with martyrdom, announced that she did not come to preach, was executed by beheading instead of burning, and had a very crude burial in an unmarked grave. These elements point to Henry - and Anne - viewing her death as being motivated by Anne’s religious faux pas. Anne tried to portray herself as a martyr, and Henry did everything he could to prevent Anne from reaching that status. The author shows that Anne supported French Reformists, including those involved in the alarming French Affair of the Placards in late 1534, asking Henry to petition for the release of at least one of the heretics, and then bringing him to England. This is a different Anne.
Agent of Change
In Agent of Change Huda Mukbil takes us behind the curtain of a leading spy agency during a fraught time, recounting her experiences as an intelligence officer for the Canadian Security Intelligence Service. Mukbil was the first Black Arab-Canadian Muslim woman to join CSIS and was at the forefront of the fight against terrorism after 9/11. Mukbil’s mastery of four languages quickly made her a counterterrorism expert and a uniquely valuable asset to the organization. But as she worked with colleagues to confront new international threats, she also struggled for acceptance and recognition at the agency. Following the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the rise of homegrown extremism, Mukbil was framed as an inside threat. Determined to prove her loyalty, while equally concerned about the surveillance and profiling of Muslims and revelations of Western agencies’ torture and torture by proxy, Mukbil started to question CSIS’s fluctuating ethical stance in relation to its mandate. Her stellar work on a secondment to MI5, the British Security Service, earned commendation; this shielded her, but only temporarily, from the hostile workplace culture at CSIS. Ultimately, Mukbil and a group of colleagues went public about the pervasive institutional discrimination undermining CSIS and national security from within. Mukbil’s expertise in international security and her commitment to workplace transparency drove important changes at CSIS. Dazzlingly written, her account is an eye-opener for anyone wanting to understand how racism, misogyny, and Islamophobia undermine not only individuals, but institutions and the national interest – and how addressing this openly can tackle populism and misinformation.
Trauma Beyond Time
Trauma Beyond Time: Temporal Constructs in Holocaust Testimonies challenges our understanding of what it means to be a Holocaust survivor, arguing that the term "post-Holocaust" fundamentally misrepresents survivors' experiences. Through careful analysis of Holocaust literature and testimony, this book reveals how trauma persists across generations, defying conventional historical timelines. For those who perished, there can be no "after" to the Holocaust—their stories were violently ended. Yet for survivors, the Holocaust didn't simply conclude in 1945. Their experiences demonstrate how trauma continues to shape lives decades later, making "post-Holocaust" a misleading concept that fails to capture their ongoing reality. Using the multigenerational testimony of the Tabak family as a case study, this research shows how trauma disrupts linear time, creating a continuous present where past horrors remain alive. The author examines Holocaust diaries that end abruptly with their authors' deaths, alongside memoirs that document how survivors navigate a world forever altered by their experiences. Perhaps most profound is the examination of intergenerational trauma, where descendants inherit the psychological imprint of events they never personally witnessed. For these individuals, there is no "before" the Holocaust—only its ongoing echoes through family memory and inherited trauma. By reconsidering how we frame survivorship, this book calls for a more nuanced, trauma-informed approach to Holocaust studies that honors the continuing reality of survivors' experiences.
Arrested Development
Winner of the Marshall Shulman Book Prize of the Harriman Institute of Columbia UniversityWinner of the W. Bruce Lincoln Book Prize of the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian StudiesIn Arrested Development, Alessandro Iandolo examines the USSR's role in West Africa during the 1950s and 1960s as an aid donor, trade partner, and political model for newly independent Ghana, Guinea, and Mali. With a strong economy in the 1950s, the USSR expanded its global outreach, supporting economic development in post-colonial Africa and Asia. Many nations saw the Soviet model as a path to political and economic independence. Drawing on extensive Russian and West African archival research, Iandolo explores Soviet ideas, sponsored projects, and their lasting impact. Soviet specialists worked alongside West African colleagues to design ambitious development plans, build infrastructure, establish collective farms, survey mineral resources, and manage banking and trade. These collaborations - and the tensions they created - shed light on how Soviet and West African visions of development intersected. Arrested Development positions the USSR as a key player in twentieth-century economic history, reshaping global approaches to modernization.
A Tempestuous Sea of Liberty
The final work by late historian Thomas N. Ingersoll on the political crisis posed by the presidential election of 1800—the reverberations of which are still felt today. Written by the late Thomas Ingersoll before his death in December 2021, this book examines the fourteen-month struggle to control the identity and future of the United States following George Washington’s death in December 1799. In this period, Americans engaged in a fierce debate over every aspect of political life, but especially over the meaning of egalitarianism and equality in the nascent nation. Ingersoll’s work focuses in particular on the divisions between two emergent national political parties: the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans. Both were “democratic,” strictly speaking, but they were still nervous about what “democracy” actually meant. Each party was also deeply divided along a spectrum from most moderate to most extreme. After a fraught election campaign shaped by disagreements over fundamental issues of class, gender, race, and religion, the populist Democratic-Republicans sent the moderately progressive Thomas Jefferson to the White House and won control of the House of Representatives. This victory ended twelve long years of Federalist domination and began one of the greatest political dramas in American history. Rather than accepting their electoral defeat, the Federalists sought to subvert the will of the people and sow chaos and anarchy in the courts and in Congress, nearly tearing the country apart in the process. The Revolution of 1800 did nothing to stem the tide of a growing sectionalism that threatened to unmoor the nation but rather moved the country one step closer to all-out civil war. A Tempestuous Sea of Liberty is a magisterial history of this pivotal period in American history, written by a senior historian in full command of the material.
The Military Austin Ten
The military Austin Ten, also known as the Austin Ten ‘Tilly’ Light Utility Truck, accompanied British forces from Dunkirk to D-Day and from Northern Europe to North Africa during the Second World War. Although it would be overshadowed by the more adaptable jeep, with its 4x4 off-road capabilities, the military Austin 10 carried out a wide range of duties for the British armed forces and was one of the vehicles on which the young Princess Elizabeth learned her mechanic skills in the Auxiliary Training Service (ATS).This fascinating book charts the development of both the Austin Ten saloon car and the military specification vehicle that was developed from it to produce a robust and dependable vehicle. The book shows how the roles of the military Austin Ten ranged from light deliveries, message carrying and reconnaissance. It was so popular that, after the war ended, it was used in civilian roles by demobbed servicemen starting new trades.Accompanied by both archive and modern photographs of both original and restored vehicles, this is an indispensable concise guide to one of the British armed forces’ most loved Second World War vehicles.
Industrializing Iron Construction at the Ecole Centrale Paris, 1829-1865
As industrialization began to evolve in the early nineteenth century, engineers were urgently needed to integrate science into the field of construction. They needed to learn how to innovate and understand the new material—iron. Industrializing Iron Construction at the École Centrale Paris, 1829–1865 explains a novel response to that need, a successful new school to educate civil and structural engineers, architects, contractors, and industrialists who would become major players in the development of modern iron construction. Among them were two of the most prominent creators of our modern world—Eiffel, of the thousand-foot tower, and Jenney, of Chicago skyscraper fame. The École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris created a unique pedagogy that taught not only how to solve problems, but how to innovate. This is the lively account of how that happened. It traces the sources of French education in engineering and architecture and follows the careers and ideas of the chief players. Familiar faces like the architect Jean-Nicolas Louis Durand, the École Polytechnique's founder Gaspard Monge, the bridge builder Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, and the theoretician Gaspard Riche de Prony appear in a new light. Half-remembered pioneers like the railway builder Eugene Flachat gain prominence. Forgotten innovators like César Leblanc, the creator of technical drafting, or Alphonse Halbou, who patented the rolled I-beam, resurface. New names like Auguste Perdonnet, a railway promotor, the theoretician Jean-Baptiste Bélanger, or the three-generation Roussel contracting family emerge. Even the French empress Eugénie takes an active part in the development. The school's success was a product of the interaction of its pioneers, their collaborations, and their clashes. Industrializing Iron Construction at the École Centrale Paris, 1829–1865 uncovers new sources to view icons of nineteenth-century construction from a fresh perspective. Structures we know so well suddenly emerge in a new light. The reading room of the Bibliotheque nationale de France, the iron-framed Moulin Menier, or the record-spanning Galerie des Machines point the way to a new understanding of structure and construction. A brand-new school created by an enthusiastically motivated group of innovators initiated our modern age in engineering and architectural education.
Ten Thousand Central Parks
A visionary look at Central Park’s creation as an urban success story inspiring bold climate actionClimate change is the existential crisis of our time. With extreme heatwaves, wildfires, hurricanes, and floods displacing millions, many wonder: What can I do? Ten Thousand Central Parks challenges the despair of inaction, using the history of Central Park as an unlikely yet urgent environmental parable. Created in the years immediately before, during, and after the Civil War, Central Park is a radical experiment in urban renewal, transforming a chaotic and polluted terrain into an 843-acre refuge. More than a scenic landmark, it was a visionary public project that provided jobs, green space, and a lasting environmental legacy. Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, the park was America’s first large-scale public works project, undertaken at a time of national crisis and built almost entirely by immigrants. Its creation offers a powerful lesson: Even in turbulent times, cities can be reimagined, and large-scale ecological transformations are possible. With over half of the world’s population living in cities today, predicted soon to reach nearly 70%, urban green spaces are more crucial than ever. Morris argues that Central Park is not just an artifact of the past but a model for the future. Its 18,000 trees sequester nearly a million pounds of carbon dioxide annually, proving that ambitious, nature-based solutions can improve the quality of life while addressing environmental challenges. Written with urgency and optimism, Ten Thousand Central Parks offers a fresh perspective on the climate crisis, rejecting doom in favor of possibility. We need projects on the scale of Central Park— thousands of them—to meet today’s environmental challenges. This book—a boundary-crossing work of narrative nonfiction—is an invitation to think big, act boldly, and embrace radical hope.
Border War
When fiddler and farmer Henry Smith and his wife Harriet moved from Michigan to southwest Missouri in 1858, they considered themselves part of a Yankee cultural community whose taste and aspirations were shaped by northern publications and represented by the new Republican Party. By 1861 Vernon County Court Judge Henry Smith no longer called himself a Yankee or Republican, but he hoped his isolated prairie community would remain in the Union. Montevallo’s location at the intersection of roads from Boonville and Lexington south to Carthage and from Springfield to Fort Scott, Kansas, placed the Smith family’s log house in the path of troops fighting to establish Confederate or Union control of Missouri. The Smiths saw neighbor turn against neighbor as they played reluctant host to the succession of Union troops, Confederate soldiers, bushwhackers, and jayhawkers who swarmed past their homestead. Border War: A Yankee Family in Civil War Missouri features the evocative writings of the young couple to illuminate wide-ranging challenges faced by many rural American households in the Civil War era. Throughout the turmoil, the Smiths documented their experiences in diaries, letters, school essays, magazine publications, and petitions. Drawing on archives, family papers, and government records, author Marilyn Ferris Motz pieces together the Smiths’ saga. As the Civil War divided family and community alike and future dreams were abandoned to focus on immediate survival, these personal writings capture what it meant to live during a time of immense uncertainty and mortal danger.
The Boom
The story of the first Turner Valley boom and the charlatans, frauds, and evangelists who made and lost fortunes in the early days of Alberta oil. When the Calgary Petroleum Product Dingman No. 1 Well began operation in Turner Valley on May 14, 1914, it unleashed a spectacular frenzy of greed and excess. In a fever of free-market capitalism over 500 oil companies were created, selling fortunes on paper to eager investors. But fewer than fifty ever drilled for oil, and the Alberta oil industry suddenly began to look like one big swindle. The public, and investors, demanded answers. Enter George Edward Buck, a charismatic revival preacher and self-proclaimed oil tycoon who made himself and his company the centre of every conversation while he salted his wells and misled investors. Far from the only person to profit from the sensational publicity of the Turner Valley Boom, Buck became the public face of all unscrupulous businessmen and an international scapegoat to preserve the integrity of Alberta oil. The Boom is a history of the Turner Valley era that rescues the miscreants and charlatans from obscurity. Industry historian Paul Chastko returns the larger-than-life promoters, wildcatters and oil evangelists to the story. He shows the ways that Albertans, determined to overcome the obstacles of economics, geography, geology, and the market, made a conscious choice to pursue petroleum development and created an oil culture that continues to this day.
The Finnish Front Line
The Finnish Front Line is a historical biography of Urho Kekkonen, the eighth and longest-serving president of Finland. The most controversial as well as the most misunderstood figure in Finnish history, Kekkonen governed Finland for twenty-five years from 1956 to 1981. Gordon F. Sander focuses on Kekkonen's pivotal first term as president, which was bracketed by two crises that together formed the template for both Finland's relationship with the Soviet Union from 1956 through the fall of the USSR, and Kekkonen's own "special" relationship with Moscow: the Night Frost crisis of 1957, which derived from the Kremlin's desire to exert greater influence on Finnish politics, and the Note Crisis of 1961, which coincided with the great Berlin crisis of 1961, and occurred when Moscow suddenly invoked the clause in the 1948 Finnish-Soviet treaty that entitled the Kremlin to call for mutual discussions between the Finnish and Soviet militaries and was perceived as a threat to Finnish independence. Thinking this might presage a Soviet invasion of Finland, a distressed Kekkonen was able to resolve the crisis by flying to Siberia to meet with his erstwhile friend Nikita Khrushchev - who may well have precipitated the crisis in order to insure Kekkonen's reelection. The Finnish Front Line centers an overlooked chapter of the Cold War as well as a revealing if forgotten chapter of the presidency of John Kennedy and his secret offer to help Kekkonen, which the latter rejected, ultimately to avoid making Finland into next front of the Cold War.
The Battle for Kyiv
On 24 February 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin launched an attack on Ukraine, marking the most significant European conflict since World War II. The invasion aimed to capture Kyiv and replace President Zelenskyy with a puppet regime, but the Russians faced fierce Ukrainian resistance, forcing them to retreat and re-direct their efforts to other fronts.The Battle of Kyiv chronicles the Ukrainians’ heroic resilience against a vastly more powerful enemy. Despite Russia’s population and economic superiority, Ukraine’s military, bolstered by NATO and international support, held its ground. The book details the early phase of the war, when Russian forces pushed toward Kyiv, surrounded cities like Chernihiv, seized Kherson, and threatened the Ukrainian state. U.S. intelligence predicted Kyiv’s fall within days and offered to evacuate Zelenskyy. His response: “I need ammunition, not a ride.”The book covers the fighting in Kyiv, Kherson, Chernihiv, Sumy, Kharkiv, Mykolaiv, and Mariupol, documenting military operations, destruction, civilian suffering, and survival struggles. Written as the battle unfolded, it provides an urgent historical account of the uncertainty, anxiety, and global significance of the war, reflecting the pivotal moments in Ukraine’s defense against the Russian invasion.
Transportation, Post-Penal Identity and the Life Course
Transportation, Post-Penal Identity and the Life Course explores the life-courses of convicts who, after being transported to Van Diemen’s Land, now Tasmania, and released from servitude, died in pauper establishments. Presenting new case studies that look at the whole lives of former convicts dying in poverty to understand the long-term effects of the convict transportation system, Watkins facilitates an exploration of a broader view of the charitable institutions and its connections with the penal system. Delving into the path dependency and the criminalization of poverty the author uses criminal justice records, civil records, and newspapers for life-course analysis, along with colonial statistical returns and correspondence of officials to contextualize those life-courses. Exploring the Vandemonian charitable system within its post-penal identity and socio-economic context, this book looks at the social mobility of pauper emancipists to disrupt the enduring belief that all convicts who were transported to Australia were ‘better-off’ and that Australia was a ‘working man’s paradise’ in the context of a re-emerging glorification of empire. An interdisciplinary work exploring historical documentation and using criminological methodologies to uncover the lives of working-class people, this is insightful reading for researchers interested in the histories of charitable and criminal justice institutions, working class lives, life-course methodology, and criminalization.
The Taft Court 2 Volume Paperback Set: Volume 10
The Taft Court offers the definitive history of the Supreme Court from 1921 to 1930 when William Howard Taft was Chief Justice. Using untapped archival material, Robert C. Post engagingly recounts the ambivalent effort to create a modern American administrative state out of the institutional innovations of World War I. He shows how the Court sought to establish authoritative forms of constitutional interpretation despite the culture wars that enveloped prohibition and pervasive labor unrest. He explores in great detail how constitutional law responds to altered circumstances. The work provides comprehensive portraits of seminal figures such as Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and Louis Dembitz Brandeis. It describes William Howard Taft's many judicial reforms and his profound alteration of the role of Chief Justice. A critical and timely contribution, The Taft Court sheds light on jurisprudential debates that are just as relevant today as they were a century ago.
The New Byzantines
A fresh portrait of Greece''s forgotten Near Eastern identity, with old cultural, political and economic ties reforming in today''s turbulent world.Caught between wars raging in both Eastern Europe and the Middle East, Greece is an island of relative stability. Popularly considered the cradle of Western civilisation, this is a Christian Orthodox state on the edge of the Islamic world. And, after a half-century of integration into NATO and the EU, Greece is now reabsorbing into the Near East, as the West fractures and new Middle Eastern powers rise. The country’s importance as a cultural and geopolitical hybrid is growing.Travelling through the region, Sean Mathews explores at ground level the tectonic shifts reshaping Europe and the Middle East. He meets the last Greek merchants in Cairo, and hears from Istanbul’s remaining Greeks about Turkey’s break with the West. In Jerusalem, he discovers a budding alliance between Greece and Israel; and in a faded Ottoman port, he encounters football hooligans loyal to a Russian oligarch.This bold reappraisal of Greece as a Near Eastern nation uncovers its Byzantine and Ottoman past as a key to survival in today’s chaotic, shrinking world.
Pridajte sa k nám na ceste časom s našou komplexnou kolekciou encyklopédií zaoberajúcich sa históriou. Táto kategória obsahuje všetko od praveku až po súčasnosť. Študujte historické udalosti, významné osobnosti, dôležité civilizácie a momenty, ktoré formovali svet, v ktorom žijeme dnes. Ideálne pre študentov, učiteľov, ako aj pre všeobecných historických nadšencov, naše encyklopédie sú zdrojom nevyčerpaných informácií a zábavného poznávania.
Mnohé encyklopédie sú bohato ilustrované, čo umožňuje čitateľom lepšie vizualizovať a porozumieť historickým udalostiam a obdobiam.
