Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné strana 3 z 175
História 
Príroda 
Vesmír, veda a technika 
Ľudské telo, človek 
Encyklopédie - ostatné
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Texan Crucible
A history of European immigrants in Texas and how they redefined racial identity. While the creation of a Black-White racial binary was foundational to most of the United States, nineteenth-century Texas developed a unique tripartite system that acknowledged the role of individuals of Mexican ancestry in a region that was Spanish, Mexican, and an independent nation before becoming a US (and briefly Confederate) state. Yet this framework was fraught, struggling to accommodate new arrivals from beyond North America, in particular the Irish, Germans, and Czechs. Texan Crucible tells the story of these immigrants and how they became Anglo. Marian Barber reveals the ways language, religion, alcohol use, and attitudes toward slavery distinguished these newcomers to Texas from those arriving from the eastern United States and how they nevertheless created thriving, influential communities. Their status was shaped by events inside and far beyond Texas, including an 1887 prohibition fight, the Civil War, and two world wars that encouraged them to erase their distinctiveness. As segregation was formally outlawed and civil rights activism grew, understandings of race shifted, cementing these groups’ status as Anglo. Texan Crucible recovers the histories of German, Irish, and Czech immigrants and unveils the social construction of racial difference underpinning Texan identity.
Reporting the Nuremberg Trials
For the first time, journalists who shared details about Nazi crimes from the International Military Tribunal, better known as the Nuremberg Trial, have their own story told. As World War II in Europe drew to a close in 1945, the Allies prepared to hold Nazi leaders accountable for crimes against humanity and selected Nuremberg as the site for the trial. The U.S. military took the lead in refurbishing a courtroom and making accommodations for 325 journalists and 23 defendants plus Allied judges, prosecutors, translators and administrative staff. Because publicity was a main consideration, the latest innovations and technology were incorporated into the courtroom to enhance news coverage of the trial. Press passes were in demand worldwide for courtroom seats. A press pool was selected to witness the executions in which 10 criminals were hung on Oct. 16, 1946. Famous war correspondents and young journalists who later became household names were headquartered in a castle, explored bombed ruins and faced dangers as a lingering spirit of Nazism seethed within the city. The lengthy trial became an excruciating endurance test for journalists by the time it ended (far longer than expected) on Oct. 1, 1946, setting a precedent for coverage of subsequent justice at Nuremberg. The author, a long-time journalist and former foreign correspondent, provides an insider’s look at how the news was gathered and conveyed. The book is based on extensive research and insights gathered from Nuremberg, including at the location where the journalists were housed and at the courtroom itself.
Scottish Warlocks, Wizards and Magicians
The story of Scotland's male witches and wizards always promised to be a convulted one, and the tale indeed turns out to be a strange tree with many twisted branches. The nation has several venerable magical figures who compete in stature with the legendary Merlin. Michael Scot, Thomas of Erceldoune and Coinneach Odhar were, respectively scholar, poet and seer, but they still command enormous presence in the national imagination. The forgotten men who got caught up in the national witch hunts were as unfortunate as the far greater number if women persecuted. Among those prosecuted were healers like Andro Man, who practiced his skills for decades before being examined. For every sincere practitioner or innocent, there were many more frauds and distorted characters caught up in the supernatural net. Major Weir left a dark stain on Edinburgh for a century after his death and Gregor Willox Macgregor is still remembered in the north with a mixture of doubtful contempt and fear.
Menachem Kipnis
Menachem Kipnis (1878–1942) was one of the early twentieth-century's greatest Jewish eastern European ethnomusicologists, folklorists, and photographers. He had a weekly column in the Warsaw Yiddish newspaper Haynt, retelling humorous old folk stories about the fictional Polish town of Chelm, populated exclusively by fools. At the same time, his photographs of Jewish life in eastern Europe regularly appeared in the Forverts (Forward), the most popular Yiddish daily newspaper in the United States. Now, for the first time, Kipnis's stories and photographs are published together in a single book. Menachem Kipnis brings these photographs and stories into dialogue with one another, bridging the Jewish communities in Poland and in America during the interwar period. This dialogue, between image and text, between European metropolis and American metropolis, captures a key historical moment when American Jews sought to imagine the lives of their coreligionists in the "Old Country" and eastern European urban Jews sought to distinguish themselves from their Jewish compatriots who were still living in the shtetl. Including an introductory essay, annotations, and an epilogue by Sheila E. Jelen, Menachem Kipnis suggests new ways of understanding both visual and literary depictions of eastern European Jewish culture between the two world wars.
Whispers from Celtic Seas
What if the legends of submerged cities, land-making witches and sea-crossing bishops are not mere inventions but echoes of real events? Whispers from Celtic Seas revisits coastal traditions from the Celtic fringes of northwest Europe, showing how they preserve memories of dramatic environmental change – floods, land loss and shifting shorelines – carried forward through oral storytelling for generations. Drawing on cutting-edge geological and archaeological research, this book recasts these tales not as fantasy, but as historical testimony grounded in lived experience. With clarity and insight, it also brings to life the tellers and collectors of these stories, tracing how oral knowledge endured even as literacy spread. A compelling invitation to listen again to old stories, and to hear what the land and sea remember.
What’s Not to Know About Families
The characters in this book – their lives, circumstances, and surprising connections – are as wide-ranging as could be imagined. Woven throughout are threads linking Laugharne, coalminers, music, railways, Church Gresley and more. The book reflects on the Theophilus family but it is not a growing of family trees: scattered twigs can be found but establishing genetic lines is not the focus. George Orwell was not related to ‘Uncle Bill’, and whether Dylan Thomas had familial links does not lessen the influence his work had on the family. Elsewhere, the book explores how complementary occupations shaped lives, from the shipbuilding Garlicks to the ceramic-manufacturing Poulsons. Richly researched, it offers surprising new facts, fresh angles on familiar stories, and glimpses into the context that makes history come alive. Illustrations are as varied as are the glimpses into social, economic and cultural history.
The Price of the World
Over the last 500 years, capitalism has produced a world that is highly interdependent and at the same time highly asymmetrical. These asymmetries were often established by violent means and are in many cases vigorously defended to this day. In his ambitious global history of capitalism, Friedrich Lenger charts the course of these developments, which have left no one unaffected – from the indigenous people of America to the silk weavers of Bengal. This is a story of flagrant wealth and extreme poverty, of violence and oppression, and of the relentless exploitation both of labour and of our planet, for which we are now paying the price. Among the global inequalities produced by capitalism are the unequal consumption of fossil fuels and the environmental degradation that affects different parts of the world in different ways and to different extents. The indifference capitalists display towards the natural world resembles their past indifference to human suffering. The millions of slaves forced to work on American plantations until well into the nineteenth century is just one example of how oppressive labour and a capitalist economy go hand in hand. This brilliant and wide-ranging book tells the story of the rise and triumph of capitalism from the fifteenth century to the present day and lays bare its fundamental dynamic: capitalism will never place limits on itself, underlining the fact that any restrictions have to be imposed from outside. It is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the modern world, the fundamental problems we face today, and the economic solutions upon which our survival as a species will depend.
Rome's Age of Revolution
How did Christianity grow into an international faith that shaped the world as we know it?‘Remarkable … A joy to read’ JOSEPHINE QUINN, author of How the World Made the West‘Dazzling … Will change how you see Rome, and Christianity, for ever’ CATHERINE NIXEY, author of Heresy'One of the most important books on ancient history in many years’ HARRY SIDEBOTTOM, author of Warrior of RomeRome’s Age of Revolution corrects the triumphalist narrative that the Christian message was so persuasive, and indeed superior, that people converted in huge numbers, abandoning their pagan beliefs, thereby turning a small, persecuted sect into the state religion of the Roman Empire. Tim Whitmarsh shows that Christianity would never have succeeded if it had not taken advantage of the infrastructure and culture of the Roman Empire; in turn the new religion was indelibly shaped and transformed by Roman beliefs and ideas, especially those circulating in the Greek-speaking, or Hellenistic, eastern parts of the empire. This radical transformation, Tim argues, can only be described as a revolution. And the consequences are with us to this day. ‘Riveting – incisive and stylishly written’ EDITH HALL, author of Aristotle’s Way‘Fascinating and powerful throughout’ ANDREW PETTEGREE, author of The Book at War‘Refreshingly innovative … Remarkable’ CANDIDA MOSS, author of God’s Ghost-writers‘History writing at its very best’ BRUCE GORDON, author of The Bible
Empire with a Vengeance
An absorbing new history of European colonialism, showing how ideas of retribution and revenge were used to justify violent conquest and rule. Today, the use of military force to punish enemies is strictly prohibited under international law. It is also a widely accepted principle that acts of vengeance and reprisal have almost no legitimate place in warfare. Throughout much of Western history, however, punishment and retaliation were not only important aspects of conflict, but were key justifications for waging war in the first place—particularly when it came to the defence of national honour. European empires were no exception to this rule. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, two of the world’s most formidable powers, France and Britain, regularly framed wars of conquest and counterinsurgency using the language of justice and revenge. Whether to avenge alleged insults, punish perceived transgressions, or exact retribution for ‘crimes’ committed against the dignity and authority of Europeans, ‘honour’ was used as a legal, religious and moral rationale for violent expansion, consolidation and policing. Based on extensive archival research in multiple languages, Empire with a Vengeance is the first comparative examination of honour and revenge in colonial policy. Showing the central importance of these seemingly archaic concepts, it offers crucial insight into the brutal dynamics of empire’s ‘civilising mission’.
The Wise and Their Works
The Wise and Their Works celebrates the 175th anniversary of the Great Exhibition in 2026. The men who inspired the Great Exhibition of 1851 - Henry Cole, Sir Robert Peel and above all Prince Albert himself - were at the centre of an extraordinary combination of manufacturing, commercial skill and political vision which made Victorian Britain an unparalleled success story. In this celebratory book, A. N. Wilson examines the legacy they left behind: their idealistic beliefs about free trade, decency and parliamentary democracy, and their ultimate vision of the human race at peace with prosperity spreading, while poverty and warfare were consigned to history. While their loftier ambitions may not have come to pass, these enterprising men did leave behind a little known but hugely influential organisation, the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851, which still supports industry, science and art in the UK. Skillfully delving into this rich and fascinating history, Wilson takes us on a journey into the heart of the progressive Victorian dream, and where it has left us today.
Letters of the Queens of England
‘A serious and scholarly study of the role of the queen consort in medieval English political life.’ – Sunday Telegraph‘A useful collection of sources.’ – Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature‘A good read … shows [the medieval queens] as real people, not as the idealised heroines of romance, nor as faceless nonentities.’ – The RicardianWhile the role and character of England’s medieval and Tudor kings are well documented, surprisingly little attention has been paid to their often powerful and influential consorts. Letters of the Queens of England allows the queens to speak for themselves through their own correspondence, with each letter set in context alongside a general introduction on the role of the queen in medieval and Tudor England. Encompassing virtually every English queen from Matilda of Scotland to Katherine Parr, many of whom have been neglected by historians as faceless consorts, these letters reveal the queens’ character and power. They portray these women as considerable political figures in their own right, and as strong and intelligent members of society. Illustrated throughout and complemented by genealogical and marriage tables, this is an excellent reference source and a fascinating introduction to the foremost women of medieval and Tudor England.
Humanitarianism
Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring Humanitarian crises are a central problem of modern history and contemporary international relations. According to United Nations estimates, 300 million people required humanitarian assistance and protection in 2024 alone, due to displacement, armed conflict, food insecurity, disasters, and the consequences of climate change. The international humanitarian system, in turn, plays a powerful role in 21st century global affairs. Since the 1990s, the aid sector has ballooned in size and influence. It is now a multi-billion-dollar industry, employing hundreds of thousands of people globally. In a clear, accessible, and concise narrative, Humanitarianism: A Very Short Introduction explains how and why this situation came to be. In this book, historian Julia F. Irwin traces the events and trends that defined modern humanitarianism, from the eighteenth century up to the present day. It describes the origins of international humanitarian action, the development of major humanitarian organizations and movements, the evolution of international humanitarian law, and the expansion of the international humanitarian sector. It examines organized efforts to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity amid major conflicts, disasters, refugee crises, and other humanitarian emergencies. At the same time, Irwin shows how beliefs about race, gender, religion, and nationality have historically influenced humanitarian sentiments and actions. Attuned to the distinctions between wartime, postwar, and non-conflict situations, Irwin assesses criticisms waged against humanitarian actions and debates over the legitimacy of humanitarian interventions. This Very Short Introduction also teases out the complex relationship between humanitarianism, human rights, and international development. Finally, this book surveys diverse and competing humanitarian traditions throughout the world, placing humanitarian ideals and practices in a global context. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
The Countess
'Riveting' -- The Times'A triumph' -- David Kynaston'Lively and informative' -- Miranda Seymour'The resurrection of a remarkable woman erased from history' -- Katy Hessel'Extraordinary' -- Peter JonesThe spellbinding true story of Emily Cowper, Regency socialite turned Victorian powerbrokerEmily, Countess Cowper was stubborn, beautiful and intensely ambitious. She took Regency society by storm, captivating famous statesmen and the young Queen Victoria. Born the Hon. Emily Lamb, she was brought up at the centre of glamorous Regency high society with its duels and dissipation. Her godmother was the infamous Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, and Lord Byron an acolyte and admirer. When her marriage to Earl Cowper soured, she took a string of lovers, eventually taming a rake: the promising, promiscuous Lord Palmerston. Emily's life resembled real life Bridgerton - she even inspired the character Cressida Cowper. But her petticoats and parties belied a steely determination. Yearning for power beyond the ballroom, she used her political genius to engineer the premierships of her brother, Lord Melbourne, and her lover, Lord Palmerston. Once in Downing Street, she acted as chief counsel, speechwriter, press officer and tireless schemer for the Whig cause - from women's rights to the eradication of slavery. By proxy she became one of the most powerful people in England and changed the course of history. But her story has never been told - until now. Written with novelistic richness and extraordinary detail drawn from thousands of intimate letters and journals. The Countess unveils the life of this exceptional woman and offers a new insight into the time in which she lived.
A Short History of First World War Trenches
Were the trenches always mudd? as every minute spent under fir? ow did soldiers get aroun? hat food was eate? nd how did they build them anywa? Short History of First World War Trenches is a subject that perpetually fascinates and brings to the fore questions of what the everyday soldier experienced in times of conflict and rest. Jam-packed with facts, stats and first-hand accounts of the action, all woven together in an accessible way by an expert in the field, this Short History will answer any question you have in a concise, informative way – an invaluable addition to anyone’s bookshelf.
Dějiny člověka - Kniha druhá
Další fascinující příběh Současného Člověka od počátků až po současnost. To, co nás neslo, už nestačí. Autoři Marty Q Nowak a Martin Kváča v druhém dílu Dějin Člověka pokračují tam, kde se věci přestávají vyslovovat nahlas a začínají být spíše tušeny, kde známé myšlenky mění význam a vracejí se jinak, než jak jsme je znali, a kde to, co se zdálo vzdálené, už nelze přehlédnout, protože některé věci se nesdělují, jen se s nimi setkáme.
Dějiny člověka - Kniha první
Objevte fascinující příběh Současného Člověka od počátků až po současnost. Autoři Marty Q Nowak a Martin Kváča představují Dějiny Člověka jako ucelený příběh, ve kterém se propojuje minulost se současností a kde se jednotlivé civilizace, myšlenky i objevy postupně skládají do širšího obrazu vývoje člověka, přičemž čtenáři nabízí pohled, který spojuje současná kosmická odhalení s odkazem starověkých kultur a umožňuje lépe porozumět tomu, odkud přicházíme, kam směřujeme a jakou roli v tomto vývoji sehrává každý z nás.
From Ritual to God in the Ancient Near East
Human belief systems and practices can be traced to ca. 10,000 BCE in the Ancient Near East, where the earliest evidence of ritual structures and objects can be found. Religious architecture, the relics of human skeletons, animal symbolism, statues, and icons all contributed to a complex network into which the spiritual essence of the divine was materially present. In this book, Nicola Laneri traces the transformation of the belief systems that shaped life in ancient Near Eastern communities, from prehistoric times until the advent of religious monotheism in the Levant during the first millennium BCE. Considering a range of evidence, from stone ceremonial enclosures, such as as Göbleki Tepe, to the construction of the first temples and icons of Mesopotamian polytheistic beliefs, to the Temple of Jerusalem, the iconic center of Israelite monotheism, Laneri offers new insights into the symbolic value embodied in the religious materiality produced in the ancient Near East.
Sophie
During some of the darkest days of the Royal Family, Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh, has quietly risen to become the respected and much-loved face of a family in turmoil. In this inspiring biography, bestselling author Sean Smith tells the remarkable story of Sophie Rhys-Jones; a young woman with a winning smile who captured the heart of a Prince and the nation. From her fun-filled days in rural Kent and nervous beginnings at the Palace, to becoming a powerful voice on world issues and being acclaimed as a 'trailblazer' by Hillary Clinton, this is an intimate portrait of a woman who has achieved much while enduring the pressures of life as a wife, mother and Royal. Whether keeping important secrets, navigating tabloid exposés or surviving near-death experiences, Sophie has done so with dignity and strength. Inside, discover the secret of Sophie's long-lasting love for Prince Edward; her unshakeable bond with the late Queen; her friendship with the future Queen, Kate; and her frosty relationship with Princess Diana. Amid family upheavals and media obsession, it is Sophie who is saving the day.
A Brief History of the Coast in 100 Objects
An immersive history of our coasts and the people who have shaped them The coast means something different to everyone. It’s a place of pleasure and reckless pursuits, of fishing, fearless endeavours and a crashing, rugged beauty. The coast is, and always has been, our first line of defence and our springboard to other cultures. Through the lens of 100 carefully selected objects, this treasure chest of a book delves into the myriad ways our coastlines have shaped, and been shaped by, our history, culture, and identity. From Roman lighthouses to rosary beads, knitted jumpers to Viking slave shackles, each object serves as a portal to a unique story. Sally Coulthard’s engaging narrative goes far beyond the traditional seaside holiday to illuminate the coast’s role as a first line of defence, a site of trade, and a catalyst for cultural exchange. Readers will discover how the coast has influenced our beliefs, economy, and even our domestic lives. And, looking out to sea, this book will show how Britain’s story is anchored to those of our European neighbours and of faraway lands. From one of Britain’s finest historians of material culture, this book vividly captures the enduring magic and significance of our shores. Whether it’s smugglers’ underpants or sailor’s hoaxes, whale vomit or pickled puffin – it all washes up on the British coast…
V kategórii populárno - náučné encyklopédie nájdete široký výber kníh, ktoré vám poskytnú poznatky z rôznych oblastí zaujímavým a zrozumiteľným spôsobom. Encyklopédie vám pomôžu získať komplexný prehľad o rôznych témach, ako ľudské telo a človek, príroda, vesmír, veda a technika a história.
Naša ponuka encyklopédií populárno-náučného charakteru vám umožní objaviť fascinujúci svet poznania a rozšíriť svoje vedomosti o rôznych témach.
