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Reporting the Nuremberg Trials
For the first time, journalists who shared details about Nazi crimes from the International Military Tribunal, better known as the Nuremberg Trial, have their own story told. As World War II in Europe drew to a close in 1945, the Allies prepared to hold Nazi leaders accountable for crimes against humanity and selected Nuremberg as the site for the trial. The U.S. military took the lead in refurbishing a courtroom and making accommodations for 325 journalists and 23 defendants plus Allied judges, prosecutors, translators and administrative staff. Because publicity was a main consideration, the latest innovations and technology were incorporated into the courtroom to enhance news coverage of the trial. Press passes were in demand worldwide for courtroom seats. A press pool was selected to witness the executions in which 10 criminals were hung on Oct. 16, 1946. Famous war correspondents and young journalists who later became household names were headquartered in a castle, explored bombed ruins and faced dangers as a lingering spirit of Nazism seethed within the city. The lengthy trial became an excruciating endurance test for journalists by the time it ended (far longer than expected) on Oct. 1, 1946, setting a precedent for coverage of subsequent justice at Nuremberg. The author, a long-time journalist and former foreign correspondent, provides an insider’s look at how the news was gathered and conveyed. The book is based on extensive research and insights gathered from Nuremberg, including at the location where the journalists were housed and at the courtroom itself.
Scottish Warlocks, Wizards and Magicians
The story of Scotland's male witches and wizards always promised to be a convulted one, and the tale indeed turns out to be a strange tree with many twisted branches. The nation has several venerable magical figures who compete in stature with the legendary Merlin. Michael Scot, Thomas of Erceldoune and Coinneach Odhar were, respectively scholar, poet and seer, but they still command enormous presence in the national imagination. The forgotten men who got caught up in the national witch hunts were as unfortunate as the far greater number if women persecuted. Among those prosecuted were healers like Andro Man, who practiced his skills for decades before being examined. For every sincere practitioner or innocent, there were many more frauds and distorted characters caught up in the supernatural net. Major Weir left a dark stain on Edinburgh for a century after his death and Gregor Willox Macgregor is still remembered in the north with a mixture of doubtful contempt and fear.
Menachem Kipnis
Menachem Kipnis (1878–1942) was one of the early twentieth-century's greatest Jewish eastern European ethnomusicologists, folklorists, and photographers. He had a weekly column in the Warsaw Yiddish newspaper Haynt, retelling humorous old folk stories about the fictional Polish town of Chelm, populated exclusively by fools. At the same time, his photographs of Jewish life in eastern Europe regularly appeared in the Forverts (Forward), the most popular Yiddish daily newspaper in the United States. Now, for the first time, Kipnis's stories and photographs are published together in a single book. Menachem Kipnis brings these photographs and stories into dialogue with one another, bridging the Jewish communities in Poland and in America during the interwar period. This dialogue, between image and text, between European metropolis and American metropolis, captures a key historical moment when American Jews sought to imagine the lives of their coreligionists in the "Old Country" and eastern European urban Jews sought to distinguish themselves from their Jewish compatriots who were still living in the shtetl. Including an introductory essay, annotations, and an epilogue by Sheila E. Jelen, Menachem Kipnis suggests new ways of understanding both visual and literary depictions of eastern European Jewish culture between the two world wars.
What’s Not to Know About Families
The characters in this book – their lives, circumstances, and surprising connections – are as wide-ranging as could be imagined. Woven throughout are threads linking Laugharne, coalminers, music, railways, Church Gresley and more. The book reflects on the Theophilus family but it is not a growing of family trees: scattered twigs can be found but establishing genetic lines is not the focus. George Orwell was not related to ‘Uncle Bill’, and whether Dylan Thomas had familial links does not lessen the influence his work had on the family. Elsewhere, the book explores how complementary occupations shaped lives, from the shipbuilding Garlicks to the ceramic-manufacturing Poulsons. Richly researched, it offers surprising new facts, fresh angles on familiar stories, and glimpses into the context that makes history come alive. Illustrations are as varied as are the glimpses into social, economic and cultural history.
Concise History of English Literature
A Concise History of English Literature traces the evolution of British writing from its oral origins to its contemporary landscape. A lucid, accessible alternative to bulky reference histories, this volume helps students and teachers navigate the authors, movements and ideas that shaped the canon. Key features: Detailed overviews of the socio-historical forces and ideological shifts within each literary period.; Comprehensive discussions on the development of genres, forms and styles through the ages.;In-depth studies of major authors, including biographies, work summaries and analysis of stylistic features.
Girl Without a Country
Should willingness to kill be a requirement for U.S. citizenship?Girl Without a Country tells the compelling, confounding story of Martha Graber—a Mennonite, registered nurse, and conscientious objector who in 1929 was twice denied citizenship because she refused to say she would take up arms to defend the United States. The unexpected denials, which came despite Martha's pledge to give her life for her adopted country, caught the attention of a diverse group of peace advocates, religious leaders, lawyers, and politicians, setting up a climactic third court appearance. Martha's nineteen-month fight for citizenship made national news, featuring dramatic testimony, historical insights, and interesting backstories that stretched from Alsace-Lorraine in western Europe to America's heartland. Elegantly written by Martha's maternal grandson with never-before-published details and closely connected with a controversial Supreme Court decision, Girl Without a Country surfaces an array of topical issues, ranging from immigration and naturalization to conscientious objection and patriotism. Perhaps most importantly, Martha's story considers what it truly means to be an American.
Reds, Revolutions, and Rebellions
Reds, Revolutions, and Rebellions investigates how insurgent strategies from three revolutionary states – Mao's China, Guevara's Cuba, and Ho Chi Minh's Vietnam – shaped the tactics of armed movements across the Global South. The afterlife of twentieth-century communist guerilla warfare still echoes in contemporary warfare as armed Islamist groups, often seen as violently opposed to leftist principles, adopt the same military methods and tactics that Chinese leader Mao Zedong once espoused. Investigating the strategic thought of communist revolutionary movements in China, Cuba, and Vietnam, within the framework of the Global Cold War and the theoretical tensions that existed within and around the Third World Left, Benjamin R. Young exposes how these movements became the centers of revolutionary strategy and offered the most viable examples for decolonization.To examine the historical trajectory and genealogy of communist insurgency strategy from the Chinese and Cuban revolutions to the present day, Young draws on declassified intelligence reports, memoirs, and security studies scholarship to follow the migration of insurgent ideas and reveal how armed groups have studied and repurposed leftist military doctrine. He traces the ways in which communist military theory traveled far beyond its original context, challenging the assumption that insurgency was always local or ideologically fixed. In showing how leftist revolutionary war theory became a global language of resistance, Reds, Revolutions, and Rebellions reframes our understanding of both insurgency and counterinsurgency and provides a reason why, long after their revolutions, China, Cuba, and Vietnam still shape how rebels fight and how empires respond.
The Price of the World
Over the last 500 years, capitalism has produced a world that is highly interdependent and at the same time highly asymmetrical. These asymmetries were often established by violent means and are in many cases vigorously defended to this day. In his ambitious global history of capitalism, Friedrich Lenger charts the course of these developments, which have left no one unaffected – from the indigenous people of America to the silk weavers of Bengal. This is a story of flagrant wealth and extreme poverty, of violence and oppression, and of the relentless exploitation both of labour and of our planet, for which we are now paying the price. Among the global inequalities produced by capitalism are the unequal consumption of fossil fuels and the environmental degradation that affects different parts of the world in different ways and to different extents. The indifference capitalists display towards the natural world resembles their past indifference to human suffering. The millions of slaves forced to work on American plantations until well into the nineteenth century is just one example of how oppressive labour and a capitalist economy go hand in hand. This brilliant and wide-ranging book tells the story of the rise and triumph of capitalism from the fifteenth century to the present day and lays bare its fundamental dynamic: capitalism will never place limits on itself, underlining the fact that any restrictions have to be imposed from outside. It is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the modern world, the fundamental problems we face today, and the economic solutions upon which our survival as a species will depend.
Mapping Power – History of Landscape in the Jordan Valley
An excavation of the Jordan Valley’s hidden history, depicting how mapping has not only documented territorial disputes but actively shaped them. For millennia, landscapes have been battlegrounds of power, history, and identity—nowhere more so than in the Jordan Rift Valley. In Mapping Power: History of Landscape in the Jordan Valley, Ben Gitai unearths the hidden forces that have shaped Naharayim/Al-Baqoura, a politically charged site at the crossroads of empire and conflict. Blending political geography and historical analysis, Gitai reveals how mapping and cartography have been wielded as tools of control by successive rulers, ranging from the Ottoman Empire and the British Mandate to present-day territorial disputes. Over one hundred and fifty years, this valley has been transformed by competing visions of land, water, and national identity, making it a microcosm of the enduring tensions in the Holy Land. Offering an intricate analysis of place and power, this book challenges conventional narratives of landscape history and exposes how maps do not merely document history but shape it.
American Burial Ground
In popular mythology, the Overland Trail is typically a triumphant tale, with plucky easterners crossing the Plains in caravans of covered wagons. But not everyone reached Oregon and California. Some 6,600 migrants perished along the way and were buried where they fell, often on Indigenous land. As historian Sarah Keyes illuminates, their graves ultimately became the seeds of U.S. expansion.By the 1850s, cholera epidemics, ordinary diseases, and violence had remade the Trail into an American burial ground that imbued migrant deaths with symbolic power. In subsequent decades, U.S. officials and citizens leveraged Trail graves to claim Native ground. Meanwhile, Indigenous peoples pointed to their own sacred burial grounds to dispute these same claims and maintain their land. These efforts built on anti-removal campaigns of the 1820s and 30s, which had established the link between death and territorial claims on which the significance of the Overland Trail came to rest.In placing death at the center of the history of the Overland Trail, American Burial Ground offers a sweeping and long overdue reinterpretation of this historic touchstone. In this telling, westward migration was a harrowing journey weighed down by the demands of caring for the sick and dying. From a tale of triumph comes one of struggle, defined as much by Indigenous peoples' actions as it was by white expansion. And, finally, from a migration to the Pacific emerges instead a trail of graves. Graves that ultimately undergirded Native dispossession.
Rome's Age of Revolution
How did Christianity grow into an international faith that shaped the world as we know it?‘Remarkable … A joy to read’ JOSEPHINE QUINN, author of How the World Made the West‘Dazzling … Will change how you see Rome, and Christianity, for ever’ CATHERINE NIXEY, author of Heresy'One of the most important books on ancient history in many years’ HARRY SIDEBOTTOM, author of Warrior of RomeRome’s Age of Revolution corrects the triumphalist narrative that the Christian message was so persuasive, and indeed superior, that people converted in huge numbers, abandoning their pagan beliefs, thereby turning a small, persecuted sect into the state religion of the Roman Empire. Tim Whitmarsh shows that Christianity would never have succeeded if it had not taken advantage of the infrastructure and culture of the Roman Empire; in turn the new religion was indelibly shaped and transformed by Roman beliefs and ideas, especially those circulating in the Greek-speaking, or Hellenistic, eastern parts of the empire. This radical transformation, Tim argues, can only be described as a revolution. And the consequences are with us to this day. ‘Riveting – incisive and stylishly written’ EDITH HALL, author of Aristotle’s Way‘Fascinating and powerful throughout’ ANDREW PETTEGREE, author of The Book at War‘Refreshingly innovative … Remarkable’ CANDIDA MOSS, author of God’s Ghost-writers‘History writing at its very best’ BRUCE GORDON, author of The Bible
Empire with a Vengeance
An absorbing new history of European colonialism, showing how ideas of retribution and revenge were used to justify violent conquest and rule. Today, the use of military force to punish enemies is strictly prohibited under international law. It is also a widely accepted principle that acts of vengeance and reprisal have almost no legitimate place in warfare. Throughout much of Western history, however, punishment and retaliation were not only important aspects of conflict, but were key justifications for waging war in the first place—particularly when it came to the defence of national honour. European empires were no exception to this rule. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, two of the world’s most formidable powers, France and Britain, regularly framed wars of conquest and counterinsurgency using the language of justice and revenge. Whether to avenge alleged insults, punish perceived transgressions, or exact retribution for ‘crimes’ committed against the dignity and authority of Europeans, ‘honour’ was used as a legal, religious and moral rationale for violent expansion, consolidation and policing. Based on extensive archival research in multiple languages, Empire with a Vengeance is the first comparative examination of honour and revenge in colonial policy. Showing the central importance of these seemingly archaic concepts, it offers crucial insight into the brutal dynamics of empire’s ‘civilising mission’.
Urban landscapes in Iron Age Iberia
Urban Landscapes in Iron Age Iberia provides an up-to-date synthesis on the urbanism of Iron Age hillforts and oppida of Iberia. The emergence of large and complex fortified settlements is a characteristic phenomenon of the period between the Late Iron Age and the expansion of the Roman Empire (4th–1st centuries BC) in extensive areas of Central and Western Europe. In this geographical context the Iberian Peninsula has a key position between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. A vast Spanish and Portuguese scientific literature has revealed a very diverse scenario with different paths for the development of complex urbanism, in some cases presenting clear alternatives to the Mediterranean models introduced by Phoenician-Punic, Greek, and Roman influence. The book integrates a series of novel contributions from across Iberian archaeology, with an explicit examination of urban structures using a rigorous multidisciplinary approach. Together they demonstrate the potential value and relevance of archaeological data for Urbanization Studies.
The Wise and Their Works
The Wise and Their Works celebrates the 175th anniversary of the Great Exhibition in 2026. The men who inspired the Great Exhibition of 1851 - Henry Cole, Sir Robert Peel and above all Prince Albert himself - were at the centre of an extraordinary combination of manufacturing, commercial skill and political vision which made Victorian Britain an unparalleled success story. In this celebratory book, A. N. Wilson examines the legacy they left behind: their idealistic beliefs about free trade, decency and parliamentary democracy, and their ultimate vision of the human race at peace with prosperity spreading, while poverty and warfare were consigned to history. While their loftier ambitions may not have come to pass, these enterprising men did leave behind a little known but hugely influential organisation, the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851, which still supports industry, science and art in the UK. Skillfully delving into this rich and fascinating history, Wilson takes us on a journey into the heart of the progressive Victorian dream, and where it has left us today.
Letters of the Queens of England
‘A serious and scholarly study of the role of the queen consort in medieval English political life.’ – Sunday Telegraph‘A useful collection of sources.’ – Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature‘A good read … shows [the medieval queens] as real people, not as the idealised heroines of romance, nor as faceless nonentities.’ – The RicardianWhile the role and character of England’s medieval and Tudor kings are well documented, surprisingly little attention has been paid to their often powerful and influential consorts. Letters of the Queens of England allows the queens to speak for themselves through their own correspondence, with each letter set in context alongside a general introduction on the role of the queen in medieval and Tudor England. Encompassing virtually every English queen from Matilda of Scotland to Katherine Parr, many of whom have been neglected by historians as faceless consorts, these letters reveal the queens’ character and power. They portray these women as considerable political figures in their own right, and as strong and intelligent members of society. Illustrated throughout and complemented by genealogical and marriage tables, this is an excellent reference source and a fascinating introduction to the foremost women of medieval and Tudor England.
Humanitarianism
Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring Humanitarian crises are a central problem of modern history and contemporary international relations. According to United Nations estimates, 300 million people required humanitarian assistance and protection in 2024 alone, due to displacement, armed conflict, food insecurity, disasters, and the consequences of climate change. The international humanitarian system, in turn, plays a powerful role in 21st century global affairs. Since the 1990s, the aid sector has ballooned in size and influence. It is now a multi-billion-dollar industry, employing hundreds of thousands of people globally. In a clear, accessible, and concise narrative, Humanitarianism: A Very Short Introduction explains how and why this situation came to be. In this book, historian Julia F. Irwin traces the events and trends that defined modern humanitarianism, from the eighteenth century up to the present day. It describes the origins of international humanitarian action, the development of major humanitarian organizations and movements, the evolution of international humanitarian law, and the expansion of the international humanitarian sector. It examines organized efforts to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity amid major conflicts, disasters, refugee crises, and other humanitarian emergencies. At the same time, Irwin shows how beliefs about race, gender, religion, and nationality have historically influenced humanitarian sentiments and actions. Attuned to the distinctions between wartime, postwar, and non-conflict situations, Irwin assesses criticisms waged against humanitarian actions and debates over the legitimacy of humanitarian interventions. This Very Short Introduction also teases out the complex relationship between humanitarianism, human rights, and international development. Finally, this book surveys diverse and competing humanitarian traditions throughout the world, placing humanitarian ideals and practices in a global context. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
The Countess
'Riveting' -- The Times'A triumph' -- David Kynaston'Lively and informative' -- Miranda Seymour'The resurrection of a remarkable woman erased from history' -- Katy Hessel'Extraordinary' -- Peter JonesThe spellbinding true story of Emily Cowper, Regency socialite turned Victorian powerbrokerEmily, Countess Cowper was stubborn, beautiful and intensely ambitious. She took Regency society by storm, captivating famous statesmen and the young Queen Victoria. Born the Hon. Emily Lamb, she was brought up at the centre of glamorous Regency high society with its duels and dissipation. Her godmother was the infamous Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, and Lord Byron an acolyte and admirer. When her marriage to Earl Cowper soured, she took a string of lovers, eventually taming a rake: the promising, promiscuous Lord Palmerston. Emily's life resembled real life Bridgerton - she even inspired the character Cressida Cowper. But her petticoats and parties belied a steely determination. Yearning for power beyond the ballroom, she used her political genius to engineer the premierships of her brother, Lord Melbourne, and her lover, Lord Palmerston. Once in Downing Street, she acted as chief counsel, speechwriter, press officer and tireless schemer for the Whig cause - from women's rights to the eradication of slavery. By proxy she became one of the most powerful people in England and changed the course of history. But her story has never been told - until now. Written with novelistic richness and extraordinary detail drawn from thousands of intimate letters and journals. The Countess unveils the life of this exceptional woman and offers a new insight into the time in which she lived.
A Short History of First World War Trenches
Were the trenches always mudd? as every minute spent under fir? ow did soldiers get aroun? hat food was eate? nd how did they build them anywa? Short History of First World War Trenches is a subject that perpetually fascinates and brings to the fore questions of what the everyday soldier experienced in times of conflict and rest. Jam-packed with facts, stats and first-hand accounts of the action, all woven together in an accessible way by an expert in the field, this Short History will answer any question you have in a concise, informative way – an invaluable addition to anyone’s bookshelf.
Jewish Iran
Iran is home to one of the largest Middle Eastern Jewish communities outside of Israel, numbering around 10,000 people today. This book explores the twentieth-century history of Iranian Jews as they grappled with global political movements and Iranian national identity. Over the course of the century, Iranian Jews were courted and attracted by Zionism, socialism, monarchism, constitutionalism, and revolution. Engaging these movements, Iranian Jews created syncretic identities, stretching their ideological strictures while maintaining rich intellectual and cultural traditions. Drawing on material from the Jewish press, poetry, and archives, as well as oral history, Daniel Amir narrates how the Jewish community responded to new ideas and political flux in Iran. He highlights how minority groups can create a political language that pushes against the exclusivist impulses of nationalism. While histories of the Iranian Jewish community have typically sought to minimize certain elements of the community's political life – whether Zionism, radicalism, or Iranianness – Amir looks to reconcile them. As he shows, Zionism and Iranian nationalism, Jewishness and Khomeinism, all could be made to coexist, at some times out of will, at others out of necessity. Ultimately, viewing Iranian Jews alongside other marginalized or minority groups, this book opens up new insights into the Iranian and Zionist mainstream.
V kategórii populárno - náučné encyklopédie nájdete široký výber kníh, ktoré vám poskytnú poznatky z rôznych oblastí zaujímavým a zrozumiteľným spôsobom. Encyklopédie vám pomôžu získať komplexný prehľad o rôznych témach, ako ľudské telo a človek, príroda, vesmír, veda a technika a história.
Naša ponuka encyklopédií populárno-náučného charakteru vám umožní objaviť fascinujúci svet poznania a rozšíriť svoje vedomosti o rôznych témach.
