Najnovšie - Sociológia, etnológia strana 16 z 68
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Mit akar a férfi?
Oly korban élünk, amely minden részletében átszexualizált, sokszor mégis úgy tesz, mintha nemi különbségek nem is léteznének. Máskor ugyanezeket a különbségeket - főként ha a férfiakra irányuló neheztelés, olykor gyűlölet alapjául szolgálnak - nagyon is létezőnek tekinti a modern társadalom. Pedig ha azzal próbáljuk kárpótolni a nőket évszázados szenvedéseikért, hogy összemossuk a különbségeket, vagy most a férfiakra zúdítunk minden haragot, akkor még több kárt okozunk.
A férfiak és a nők valóban különböznek, állítja Nina Power. De mindig lehet új módon értelmezni ezeket az eltéréseket, és módosítani korábbi álláspontunkat arról, mikor tekintjük fontosnak, és mikor érdemes figyelmen kívül hagyni őket. Ám ha tudomást sem veszünk róluk, azzal saját emberi mivoltunk alapvető rétegétől zárjuk el magunkat.
Szeress, ne háborúzz! - a hippikorszak jelmondatát kissé átfogalmazva így foglalhatnánk össze egyetlen mondatban Nina Power gondolatébresztő javaslatait. A könnyű út, a kritikátlan, reflexszerű hibáztatás, a cancel culture visszafordíthatatlan kíméletlensége helyett mindannyiunknak érdemes lenne elgondolkodnunk azon, hogy mitől férfi a férfi és mitől nő a nő, hogy mit gondolunk biológiai és társadalmi nemről, nemi szerepekről, nem és szexualitás viszonyáról, hogy milyen elvárások, előítéletek és érzések élnek bennünk mindezekkel kapcsolatban, és legfőképpen azon, hogy hogyan élhetnénk békességben, barátságban egymás mellett, ha már egyszer ugyanarra a bolygóra születtünk.
Paved Paradise
An entertaining, enlightening, and utterly original investigation into one of the most quietly influential forces in modern American life—the humble parking spot
Parking, quite literally, has a death grip on America: each year a handful of Americans are tragically killed by their fellow citizens over parking spots. But even when we don’t resort to violence, we routinely do ridiculous things for parking, contorting our professional, social, and financial lives to get a spot. Indeed, in the century since the advent of the car, we have deformed—and in some cases demolished—our homes and our cities in a Sisyphean quest for cheap and convenient car storage. As a result, much of the nation’s most valuable real estate is now devoted exclusively to empty and idle vehicles, even as so many Americans struggle to find affordable housing. Parking determines the design of new buildings and the fate of old ones, patterns of traffic and the viability of transit, neighborhood politics and municipal finance, the quality of public space, and even the course of floodwaters. Can this really be the best use of our finite resources and space? Why have we done this to the places we love? Is parking really more important than anything else?
These are the questions Slate staff writer Henry Grabar sets out to answer, telling a mesmerizing story about the strange and wonderful superorganism that is the modern American city. In a beguiling and often absurdly hilarious mix of history, politics, and reportage, Grabar brilliantly surveys the pain points of the nation’s parking crisis, from Los Angeles to Disney World to New York, stopping at every major American city in between. He reveals how the pathological compulsion for car storage has exacerbated some of our most acute problems—from housing affordability to the accelerating global climate disaster—ultimately, lighting the way for us to free our cities from parking’s cruel yoke.
Az emberi érzések története
Richard Firth-Godbehere sokak számára még ismeretlen területre kalauzolja olvasóit. Az érzelmek története új tudományág, amely a történelem, pszichológia, nyelvészet és futurizmus határmezsgyéjén mozogva vizsgálja, hogyan hatottak az érzelmek az emberi civilizáció történelmére, fejlődésére és jövőjére. A könyv föld körüli időutazásra hívja olvasóit. A szerző a megszokottól eltérő nézőpontból tekinti át az ókori görög filozófia fejlődését, a keresztes háborúkat vagy az Oszmán Birodalom felemelkedését. Betekintést nyerhetünk tőlünk távol élő népek világába. Elrepít minket az ókori Indiába, a buddhizmus kialakulásának idejére, majd bepillantunk Japán és Kína történelmébe is. Olyan népekkel ismerkedhetünk meg, amelyekről azelőtt talán még sosem hallottunk, például az afrikai asantikkal vagy a pápua új-guineai fore törzzsel. Végül mindezek tükrében megvizsgáljuk a jelent, majd kitekintünk a jövőre, a mesterséges intelligencia világába is.
Osudy říší
Obsah knihy tvoří dva eseje, které Glubb Paša v letech 1976 a 1977 publikoval v Blackwood’s Magazine. Vychází z vlastních zkušeností s arabským světem, vyvozuje z nich nicméně obecnější teze o fungování říší, společenských normách a směřování moderní civilizace. Glubb předkládá tezi, že říše či impéria různých dob i kultur trvala velmi podobnou dobu a procházela stejnými vývojovými stupni od věku výbojů přes rozmach obchodu a intelektu až po dekadenci a rozpad. Poukazuje na příčiny jednotlivých stadií a argumentuje tím, že pokud budeme na naši minulost pohlížet pouze zúženou optikou národních dějin posledních pár století, přehlédneme opakující se vzorce vedoucí ke konci kultur a civilizací.
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Classes
Questions of class, power and distribution have reemerged as central concerns in the public discourse. When we talk about class, we don’t always know what is meant. Is class about income or affect or the ownership of the means of production? Perhaps it is about authority or autonomy? But what happens when, as is often the case in complex advanced economies, people can occupy social and economic roles that seem to indicate membership in more than one class? And what does this mean for the supposed relationship between class and potential political capacity and affinity?
In Classes, Erik Olin Wright, the greatest American Marxist sociologists, rises to the twofold challenge of both clarifying the abstract, structural account of class implicit in Marx, and of applying and refining the account in the light of contemporary developments in advanced capitalist societies. What Wright calls “contradictory class locations” can make the class landscape appear much more complex than the simple model presented in Marx. Despite this complexity, common interests and therefore political alliances can still be found. In a society, like the US, characterized by extreme inequality, Classes provides not just a useful descriptive account of the operation of class but also the tools to understand the interplay of class interests and political (re)alignment.
Fix the System, Not the Women
Too often, we blame women. For walking home alone at night. For not demanding a seat at the table. For not overcoming the odds that are stacked against them.
This distracts us from the real problem: the failings and biases of a society that was not built for women. In this explosive book, feminist writer and activist Laura Bates exposes the systemic prejudice at the heart of five of our key institutions.
Education
Politics
Media
Policing
Criminal justice
Combining stories with shocking evidence, Fix the System, Not the Women is a blazing examination of sexual injustice and a rallying cry for reform.
Kanibalové & lovci hlav
Kulturně a jazykově pestrý ostrov Nová Guinea dlouhodobě přitahuje pozornost a jitří lidskou představivost. Získal si nechvalnou pověst domova kanibalů a lovců hlav. Kniha z antropologického hlediska otevírá citlivá témata konzumace lidského masa a získávání lidských trofejí lidmi. Autor na bohatém etnografickém materiálu představuje reálie novoguinejského lovu hlav a kanibalismu, nešetří podrobnostmi, ale svá vyprávění zasazuje do historického a kulturního kontextu. Kniha ukazuje kulturní logiku těchto jevů i motivace koloniálních aparátů prosadit na ostrově vlastní představu práva a pořádku, tedy tyto zvyky vymýtit. Kniha přináší bohatý původní obrazový materiál, který ukazuje konkrétní doklady kanibalismu a lovu hlav na Nové Guineji. Autor představuje kanibalismus a lov hlav jako jevy, jež neodmyslitelně patřily do repertoáru kulturního chování člověka.
The Flame of Reason
A passionate, highly accessible clarion call to a world dangerously threatened by irrational superstitions of all kinds. 'Truly a book for our time' Steven Pinker 'In Sweden's public square, Christer Sturmark has done as much as anyone to uphold reason and humane critical thinking' Richard Dawkins 'As lucid and illuminating as it is warm and inspiring' Rebecca Goldstein In country after country, conspiracy theories and religious dogmas that once seemed to have been overtaken by enlightened thought are helping to lift authoritarian leaders into power. The effects are being felt by women, ethnic minorities, teachers, scientists and students - and by the environment, the ultimate victim of climate change denial. We need clear thinking now more than ever. Christer Sturmark is a crusading secular humanist as well as a Swedish publisher and entrepreneur, and The Flame of Reason is his manifesto for a better world. It provides a set of simple tools for clear thinking in the face of populist dogmas, anti-science attitudes and pseudo-philosophy, and suggestions for how we can move towards a new enlightenment. From truth to Quantum Physics, moral philosophy to the Myers-Briggs test, Sturmark offers a passionate defence of rational thought, science, tolerance and pluralism; a warm and engaging guide for anyone who wants to better navigate the modern world. Translated by and co-written with Douglas Hofstadter, celebrated cognitive scientist, physicist and author of Godel, Escher, Bach.
Of Boys and Men
Boys are 50% more likely than girls to fail at all three key school subjects: maths, reading and science
In the US, the wages of most men are lower today than they were in 1979, while women’s wages have risen across the board
In the UK, suicide is the biggest killer of men under the age of 45
Boys are falling behind at school and college because the educational system is structed in ways that put them at a disadvantage. Men are struggling in the labour market because of an economic shift away from traditionally male jobs. And fathers are dislocated because the cultural role of family provider has been hollowed out. The male malaise is not the result of a mass psychological breakdown, but of deep structural challenges.
Structural challenges require structural solutions, and this is what Richard V. Reeves proposes in Of Boys and Men – starting boys at school a year later than girls; getting more men into caring professions; rethinking the role of fatherhood outside of a nuclear family context.
Feminism has done a huge amount of good in the world. We now need its corollary – a positive vision of masculinity that is compatible with gender equality.
The Influencer Industry
A critical history of the social media influencer’s rise to global prominence
Before there were Instagram likes, Twitter hashtags, or TikTok trends, there were bloggers who seemed to have the passion and authenticity that traditional media lacked. The Influencer Industry tells the story of how early digital creators scrambling for work amid the Great Recession gave rise to the multibillion-dollar industry that has fundamentally reshaped culture, the flow of information, and the way we relate to ourselves and each other.
Drawing on dozens of in-depth interviews with leading social media influencers, brand executives, marketers, talent managers, trend forecasters, and others, Emily Hund shows how early industry participants focused on creating and monetizing digital personal brands as a means of exerting control over their professional destinies in a time of acute economic uncertainty. Over time, their activities coalesced into an industry whose impact has reached far beyond the dreams of its progenitors—and beyond their control. Hund illustrates how the methods they developed for creating, monetizing, and marketing social media content have permeated our lives and untangles the unforeseen cultural and economic costs.
The Influencer Industry reveals how, in an increasingly fractured and profit-driven communications environment, the people we think of as “real” are merely those who have learned to exploit the industry’s ever-shifting constructions of authenticity.
Repair
Egyre többen látják úgy, hogy a 21. századra félresiklottak a dolgok. Világszerte elképesztő méreteket ölt az élelmiszer-pazarlás, miközben tömegeket sújt az éhezés. A gazdasági és technológiai fejlődés eredményeképpen kialakult az eldobható termékek köré épülő társadalom, mindez pedig összefügg az egyenlőtlenséggel, a klímaválsággal és a természeti katasztrófákkal is - csupa globális probléma, javításra váró jelenség az élet minden területén. A tönkrement eszközök, emberi kapcsolatok vagy akár egész rendszerek elhajítása helyett érdemes lenne megfontolni a rendbe hozás lehetőségét - tanácsolja a szerzőpáros. Ha a dolgok megjavítására az erőforrás-gazdálkodás általános stratégiájaként tekintünk, számos égető kérdésre választ kapunk. Milyen jogi eszközökkel küzdhetünk a tervezett elavulás ellen? Hogyan hozzuk rendbe a tönkrement közösségeket? Vajon egy körforgásos új üzleti modell visszafogja a hulladék mennyiségét? Maga az anyag- és energiapocsékoló "fejlett világ" is eldobható? A kötet a kreativitásról, személyiségünk fejlesztéséről és a környezetvédelemről is szól: megannyi pozitív lehetőséget kínál, hogy tudatosabban és elégedettebben éljünk.
Africa Is Not A Country
A bright portrait of modern Africa that pushes back against harmful stereotypes to tell a more comprehensive story.
You already know these stereotypes. So often Africa is depicted simplistically as an arid red landscape of famines and safaris, uniquely plagued by poverty and strife.
In this funny and insightful book, Dipo Faloyin offers a much-needed corrective. He examines each country's colonial heritage, and explores a wide range of subjects, from chronicling urban life in Lagos and the lively West African rivalry over who makes the best Jollof rice, to the story of democracy in seven dictatorships and the dangers of stereotypes in popular culture.
By turns intimate and political, Africa Is Not A Country brings the story of the continent towards reality, celebrating the energy and fabric of its different cultures and communities in a way that has never been done before.
Facts and Other Lies
Would your younger self believe the news of today? An entire city block blown up by a suicide bomber on Christmas Day because he believed phone towers spread disease. A Representative elected to the US Congress on a platform that Democrats are secretly harvesting an anti-aging chemical from the blood of abused children. Angry rioters in furs and horns overrun the Capitol in a bloody carnage of insurrection.
The Prime Minister of Australia employing the wife of his friend who fronts a group the FBI has declared terrorists. A global pandemic which, even as they lie dying from it, people refuse to believe exists. Many who sat in shocked disbelief as these events beamed around the world asked the same question: 'How did we get here?' For those rioters, it was the culmination of a journey of online radicalisation that began with the weaponisation of disinformation by their political leaders and outrageously biased 'news' commentators.
Facts and Other Lies puts fake news in its historical context and explains how disinformation has fractured society, even threatening democracy itself. It explains why disinformation is so potent and so hard to stop, and what we can do to help prevent its proliferation in Australia - where politicians and shock jocks are already operating from the same dark playbook. It outlines how anyone can defuse disinformation in the home, office or pub, or wherever the deluded gather to spread their nonsense.
Be prepared!
The Gender of Capital
Two leading social scientists examine the gender wealth gap in countries with officially egalitarian property law, showing how legal professionals - wittingly and unwittingly - help rich families and men maintain their privilege.
In many countries, property law grants equal rights to men and women. Why, then, do women still accumulate less wealth than men? Combining quantitative, ethnographic, and archival research, The Gender of Capital explains how and why, in every class of society, women are economically disadvantaged with respect to their husbands, fathers, and brothers. The reasons lie with the unfair economic arrangements that play out in divorce proceedings, estate planning, and other crucial situations where law and family life intersect.
Céline Bessiere and Sibylle Gollac argue that, whatever the law intends, too many outcomes are imprinted with unthought sexism. In private decisions, old habits die hard: families continue to allocate resources disproportionately to benefit boys and men. Meanwhile, the legal profession remains in thrall to assumptions that reinforce gender inequality. Bessi?re and Gollac marshal a range of economic data documenting these biases. They also examine scores of family histories and interview family members, lawyers, and notaries to identify the accounting tricks that tip the scales in favor of men.
Women across the class spectrum - from poor single mothers to MacKenzie Scott, ex-wife of Amazon billionaire Jeff Bezos - can face systematic economic disadvantages in divorce cases. The same is true in matters of inheritance and succession in family-owned businesses. Moreover, these disadvantages perpetuate broader social disparities beyond gender inequality. As Bessiere and Gollac make clear, the appropriation of capital by men has helped to secure the rigid hierarchies of contemporary class society itself.
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Citizens
Citizens opens up a new way of understanding ourselves and shows us what we must do to survive and thrive as individuals, organisations, and nations.
Over the past decade, Jon Alexander’s consultancy, the New Citizenship Project, has helped revitalise some of Britain’s biggest organisations including the Co-op, the Guardian and the National Trust. Here, with the New York Times bestselling writer Ariane Conrad, he shows how history is about to enter age of the Citizen.
Because when our institutions treat people as creative, empowered creatures rather than consumers, everything changes.
Unleashing the power of everyone equips us to face the challenges of economic insecurity, climate crisis, public health threats, and polarisation.
Citizens is an upbeat handbook, full of insights, clear examples to follow, and inspiring case studies, from the slums of Kenya to the backstreets of Birmingham – and a foreword by Brian Eno.
It is the perfect pick-me-up for leaders, founders, elected officials – and citizens everywhere. Organise and seize the future!
The Journey of Humanity
This breakthrough scientific masterwork - and INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER - reveals the underlying forces that have shaped human history and will secure our future...
The stunning advances that have transformed human experience in recent centuries are no accident of history - they are the result of universal and timeless forces, operating since the dawn of our species. Drawing on a lifetime's scientific investigation, Oded Galor's ground-breaking new vision overturns a host of long-held assumptions to reveal the deeper causes that have shaped the journey of humanity:
Education rather than industrialisation
Family size and gender equality as much as inventions and technology
Geography and diversity rather than wars, disease and famine
The Everyday Feminist
An invigorating exploration of impactful feminist movements and strategies for replicating their success
In The Everyday Feminist: The Key to Sustainable Social Impact-Driving Movements We Need Now More than Ever, accomplished feminist activist and executive Latanya Mapp Frett delivers a powerful and practical exploration of the factors that make a feminist social movement impactful in its place and time. In the book, you'll discover popular and not-so-popular social movements and the leaders, art, research, and narratives that drove them.
The author explains what made these social movements so effective and explains the steps that organizations, nonprofits, and social impact professionals can take to replicate that success on the ground and in the present.
The book also includes:
- Discussions of the importance of feminist funds in bankrolling critical feminist movements
- Explanations of the roles played by men and boys in building a feminist future
- Actionable and straightforward advice applicable to everyone trying to make a difference for women around the world
An essential text for feminist advocates who find themselves in an increasingly challenging political and social environment, The Everyday Feminist is the practical blueprint to social change that lawmakers, activists, entrepreneurs, and non-profit professionals have been waiting for.
The Nordic Theory of Everything
An optimistic account of how the Nordic countries can teach us to live easier, healthier, happier lives.
From childcare to healthcare to provision for the elderly and the homeless, the Nordic countries are world leaders in organising society - no wonder Finland has been ranked among the happiest places on the planet.
In The Nordic Theory of Everything, Finnish journalist and US immigrant Anu Partanen sets out to understand why America - and much of the Western world - suffers from such stark inequality and struggling social services. Filled with fascinating insights, advice and practical solutions, she makes a convincing argument that we can rebuild society, rekindle optimism and become more autonomous citizens by following in the footsteps of our neighbours to the North.
Modernita a holocaust
Rozbor sociologických kořenů holocaustu, tj. vyvraždění deseti milonů Evropanů v nacistických koncentračních táborech. Možnosti prevence budoucích genocid.
Bauman chápe holocaust jako „židovskou tragédii“, zdůrazňuje však její specifické rysy, které ji odlišují od všech ostatních genocid. Konstatuje, že holocaust se objevil a byl realizován v naší moderní, racionalizované a racionalistické společnosti, na vysoké úrovni rozvoje naší civilizace a na vrcholu úspěchů lidské kultury – ale právě proto je problémem této společnosti, této civilizace a této kultury. Holocaust je tak pochopen nikoliv „pouze“ jako historická událost, ale jako dějinný milník, jako výpověď o povaze a charakteru naší civilizace, o tom, jak degenerovala lidská racionalita a k jakým cílům byla použita. Baumanova kniha zařazuje holocaust do kontextu sociologických analýz rasismu, ale překračuje je tím, že dokládá tragickou dialektiku „výjimečnosti a normality“ holocaustu. Autor bez moralizování prokazuje, jak se v polovině 20. století dostal osvícenský racionalismus do ostrého konfliktu s morálkou a nenalezl z něj východisko.
Bibliografie prací Zygmunta Baumana čítá několik desítek knižních monografií, avšak právě kniha Modernita a holocaust z roku 1989 je pokládána veřejností (nejen akademickou) i autorem samým za dílo přelomové: touto knihou se stal světově uznávaným sociologem a autoritou v oblasti analýzy pozdně moderní doby. Kniha byla v roce 1990 oceněna Cenou města Amalfi za nejlepší evropské sociologické dílo roku. Byla přeložena do několika desítek jazyků. Pro české vydání napsal Zygmunt Bauman zvláštní předmluvu.
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Kategória literatúry sociológia a etnológia poskytuje široký výber kníh zameraných na štúdium sociálnych a etnologických javov, spoločnosti a kultúry. V tejto kategórii nájdete diela od svetových a slovenských autorov, ktoré analyzujú sociálne štruktúry, vzťahy, identitu a kultúrne procesy.
Objavte dôležité teoretické a praktické informácie o sociológii a etnológii, ktoré vám umožnia lepšie porozumieť spoločnosti a jej rôznorodosti.
K najznámejším autorom sociologickej a etnologickej literatúry patria Max Weber, Émile Durkheim, či Clifford Geertz.
