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Edgar Poe strana 3 z 17

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Edgar Poe
Bol jedným z troch detí páru kočovných hercov Elizabeth a Davida Poeových. Jeho otec mal alkoholické sklony a opustil matku ešte pred Edgarovým narodením.

Matka zomrela v roku 1811 ako 24 ročná na tuberkulózu a zanechala po sebe tri siroty: malého Edgara, jeho mentálne postihnutú sestru Rosalie a brata Williama, ktorý rovnako ako otec, mal alkoholické sklony a predčasne zomrel.

Ako trojročná sirota bol Edgar zverený do útulku v Richmonde, kde sa ho po relatívne krátkej dobe ujala rodina Allanovcov, veľkoobchodníkov s tabakom; odtiaľ plynie Poeove prostredné meno Allan. Rodina istý čas bývala v Liverpoole a tajomné Anglicko sa tak stalo mladému Edgarovi zdrojom inšpiráce po celý život. Dodalo jeho neskorším dielam onu fantasknú, tak typicky poeovskú hrôzostrašnosť.

Edgar študoval literatúru na University of Virginia, kde však začal piť a narobil si veľa dlhov ako hráč. Kvôli tomu sa neskôr rozišiel so svojim nevlastným bratom, ktorý ich za Edgara odmietal platiť. Poe sa vo finančnej kríze zapísal na vojenskú akadémiu vo West Pointe,  ukázal sa však ako nedisciplinovaný vojak a čoskoro bol prepustený. Po jeho prepustení sa rozhádal s adoptívnym otcom.

Jeho prvý úspech prišiel v roku 1834, keď získal hlavnú cenu na súťaži, ktorú organizoval baltimorský týždenník Saturday Visitor so svojim príbehom Rukopis nájdený vo fľaši.. Neskôr vstúpil do richmondského Souther Literary Messenger a v roku 1835 sa stal jeho hlavným šéfredaktorom.

O rok neskôr sa oženil so svojou trinásťročnou sesterenicou Virginiou Clemm (zomrela predčasne o jedenásť rokov neskôr.). Alkohol a drogy spôsobovali Poeovi intenzívne stavy depresie a neskôr aj stratu zamestnania. Roku 1845 uverejnil Havrana, ktorý doslova ohromil vtedajšiu verejnosť. Poe v tom čase zažil krátke obdobie slávy a mondénnych úspechov. Jeho alkoholové a drogové dlhy ho však z tohto postavenia skoro stačili uvrhnúť späť do zúfalej biedy.

Poeova smrť bola hodná diel, ktorým sa venoval, 3. októbra v roku 1849 ho našli opitého (a pravdepodobne aj pod vplyvom omamných látok) na baltimorskom chodníku v blízkosti Light Street. Ihneď ho previezli do nemocnice, ale z kómy sa 4 dni neprebral a v ranných hodinách, 7. októbra v roku 1849, zomrel.

Edgar Allan Poe bol obdarovaný vysokou inteligenciou, bol veľmi zdvorilý, ale tiež až prehnane prudký a divoký; len tak sa v jeho hlave mohli zrodiť tie najkurióznejšie myšlienky, aké kedy prešli ľudskou mysľou.

Už od detstva čítal diela Lorda Byrona, Samuela Tylora Coleridge a väčšinu romantických autorov svojej doby. Hlbšie sa takisto zaoberal kozmológiou, prírodnými vedami a mysticizmom. Tieto svoje znalosti následne používal pri písaní svojich diel, kedy dokázal s matematickou presnosťou dosiahnúť geniálny efekt a zanechať tak v čitateľovi dopredu psychologicky premyslenú impresiu (väčšinou strachu či hnusu, často ale aj humoru a prekvapenia).

Ešte počas svojho života stratil všetky ženy, ktoré miloval, a znešváril sa so všetkými ľuďmi, ktorí by mu boli v ťažkých okamžikoch schopní pomôcť. Žil v takpovediac nepretržitej biede, aj keď za už počas svojho života dočkal istej slávy (najmä svojimi žurnalistickými prácami).
(Zdroj wikipédia)

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