Najnovšie - Encyklopédie populárno-náučné - História strana 140 z 168
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The Rising Down
‘Remarkable.’ THE TIMES''Wonderful.’ GUARDIAN''Fascinating.'' DAILY TELEGRAPH''A landscape-keyhole onto the whole world . . . Glorious.'' Robert Macfarlane''A thrill akin to discovering buried treasure.'' RICHARD MABEYWhen Alexandra Harris returned to her childhood home of West Sussex, she realised that she barely knew the place at all. As she probed beneath the surface, excavating layers of archival records and everyday objects, hundreds of unexpected stories and hypnotic voices emerged from the area’s past. These electrifying encounters – ranging from those with the painter John Constable and the modernist writer Ford Madox Ford to the lost local women who left little trace – inspired her to imagine lives that, though seemingly distant, are deeply connected through this shared landscape. By focusing on one small patch of England, Harris opens vast new horizons.
Lost Voices of the Falklands War
‘Remarkable and unique’ Daily Express‘I never dreamed we’d go to war with Argentina.’ Rear-Admiral John WoodwardOn 2 April 1982, Argentina invaded and occupied the Falkland Islands. Britain was quick to mobilise a task force to recover its territory, but the ensuing conflict, lasting over two months, would cost the British military 255 lives, seven ships and many aircraft.From the initial Argentine landing on South Georgia, to dynamic combat on land, sea and air, Britain faced extreme adversity. However, despite the harsh realities of battle, the British task force maintained morale through humour, camaraderie and the close bonds they formed in the crucible of war.Lost Voices of the Falklands War is the definitive oral history of the conflict, compiled by historian Max Arthur. Through a series of interviews, Arthur delivers a raw, unfiltered account of the violence and the emotional toll it took on the soldiers, sailors and airmen that fought.This is the true story of the heroes of the Falklands war, in their own words.‘Nowhere will you read a record of more concentrated courage, and of the will to win’ Manchester Evening News
Victory to Defeat
‘A compelling history.’ – The Sunday Times‘Thought-provoking.’ – The Spectator‘Interesting and well-researched.’ – The Sunday TelegraphA fascinating account of the decline of an army from the triumph of victory in 1918 to defeat in 1940 and why this happened. A salutary warning for modern Britain.The British Army won a convincing series of victories between 1916 and 1918. But by 1939 the British Army was an entirely different animal. The hard-won knowledge, experience and strategic vision that delivered victory after victory in the closing stages of the First World War had been lost. In the inter-war years there was plenty of talking, but very little focus on who Britain might have to fight, and how. Victory to Defeat clearly illustrates how the British Army wasn’t prepared to fight a first-class European Army in 1939 for the simple reason that as a country Britain hadn’t prepared itself to do so. The failure of the army’s leadership led directly to its abysmal performance in Norway and France in 1940. Victory to Defeat is a captivating history of the mismanagement of a war-winning army. It is also a stark warning that we neglect to understand who our enemy might be, and how to defeat him, at the peril of our country. The British Army is now to be cut to its smallest size since 1714. Are we, this book asks, repeating the same mistakes again?
B-29 Superfortress vs Japanese Nightfighter
An illustrated study of the clashes between B-29s conducting night raids on Japan and the Japanese nightfighters protecting the Home Islands from 1944–45.The USAAF’s B-29-led strategic bombing offensive against Japan succeeded when XX Bomber Command switched from high-level daytime precision bombing to low-level night time area bombing. The latter tactic required Superfortresses to attack their target individually, without a formation or escorting fighters for protection. Despite this, Japanese nightfighters proved unable to stop the B-29s. In this study, Mark Lardas examines the capabilities of the aircraft involved, and reveals the conditions under which both sides fought. He evaluates the cutting-edge technology of both sides and how it affected the outcome of the battle. Maps, tactical diagrams, photographs and specially commissioned artwork bring the action to life as the individual US bombers and Japanese nightfighters fight a classic military duel.
A History of the World in Six Plagues
'If everyone read Edna Bonhomme's incredible, humane, insightful book-and I hope they do-we might stand a chance' Ed Yong, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of An Immense World'Fascinating and thought-provoking' Jonathan Kennedy, author of Pathogenesis: How Germs Made History'Tender as it tackles some of the most stigmatized subjects of our time' Morgan Jenkins, author of Wandering in Strange LandsA History of the World in Six Plagues unveils a powerful and unsettling truth: epidemic diseases enter the world by chance, but they become catastrophic by human design. In this groundbreaking work, Bonhomme explores how six pivotal diseases - Cholera, HIV/AIDS, the Spanish Flu, Sleeping Sickness, Ebola and COVID-19 - have shaped the trajectory of human history. With vivid storytelling and rigorous research, she reveals how pandemics have consistently widened the gaps in racial, economic and sociopolitical divides, from the slave ships of the Atlantic to today's fractured healthcare systems. How did a colonial obsession with sugar amplify the devastation of Cholera? Why did sleeping sickness become a weapon of empire in Tanzania? And how has COVID-19 magnified inequities in our modern, interconnected worl? onhomme's incisive analysis transforms our understanding of public health, not as a neutral force but as a stage where power, policy and prejudice collide. Urgent and illuminating, A History of the World in Six Plagues is not just a history of disease - it is a call to reimagine a more equitable future in the face of ongoing global health challenges. 'This book tells the accounts of people who deserved better. It is also a story of redemption, and of the little child in all of us, curled up alone in a huge bed, without her parents, who wants to be healthy and free.'
I Am Not Afraid of Looking into the Rifles
‘A thrilling narrative that creates an extraordinary picture of female resistance’ The Lady‘Fascinating’ Kavita Puri, BBC History Magazine‘A fierce, intense picture of this aspect of the war . . . it will stay with me’ Elizabeth Buchan, author of Two Women in Rome On the evening of 31 March 1916, a 23-year-old woman was led from her prison cell in occupied Brussels. She wore a long blue coat and walked ‘like a soldier’. The chaplain asked if she would like a blindfold before her execution. ‘I am not afraid of looking into the rifles,’ she replied. ‘I have been expecting this for a long time.’ This is not a traditional history of the First World War. It is the untold story of the women of the resistance in Belgium and occupied France during that conflict. Rick Stroud describes how the actions of eight exceptionally brave women affected the course of the war. Before the Germans invaded, they were ordinary people: some, like Gabrielle Petit, were working-class; some, like Edith Cavell, were from the bourgeoisie; and some. like the Princess de Croy, were from the upper echelons of society. The youngest was only twenty-one. The women took enormous risks and produced extraordinary results: they established underground networks, transmitted coded information, carried out sabotage attacks and helped to repatriate Allied soldiers. What they did was dangerous and exhausting and the penalties were severe: three faced the firing squad. Recounting their heroism and their inevitable tragedies, I Am Not Afraid of Looking into the Rifles is an enthralling story, beautifully told. In revealing the inspiring work of these remarkable women, Rick Stroud will introduce you to an entirely new version of the ‘war to end all wars’.
The Incarcerations
A FINALIST FOR THE ORWELL PRIZE A FINALIST FOR THE MOORE PRIZE A NEW STATESMAN BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR 'A gripping and rigorous crime story about the murder of a once thriving democracy, exposing an arsenal of lethal weapons, some wielded on the streets, others in the courts and press' NAOMI KLEIN ‘Essential reading' YANIS VAROUFAKIS The world’s largest democracy is facing the greatest challenge since the end of British colonial rule in 1947. ?The Incarcerations pulls back the curtain on Indian democracy to tell the remarkable and chilling story of the Bhima Koregaon case, in which 16 human rights defenders (the BK-16) – professors, lawyers, journalists, poets – have been imprisoned, without credible evidence and without trial, as Maoist terrorists. Alpa Shah unravels how these alleged terrorists were charged with inciting violence at a public commemoration in 2018, accused of waging a war against the Indian state, and plotting to kill the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. Expertly leading us through the case, Shah exposes some of the world’s most shocking revelations of cyber warfare research, which show not only hacking of emails and mobile phones of the BK-16, but also implantation of the electronic evidence that was used to incarcerate them. Through the life histories of the BK-16, Shah dives deep into the issues they fought for and tells the story of India’s three main minorities – Adivasi, Dalits and Muslims – and what the search for democracy entails for them. Essential and urgent, The Incarcerations reveals how this case is a bellwether for the collapse of democracy in India, as for the first time in the nation’s history there is a multi-pronged, coordinated attack on key defenders of various pillars of democracy. In so doing, Shah shows that democracy today must be not only about protecting freedom of expression and democratic institutions, but also about supporting and safeguarding the social movements that question our global inequalities. ‘A chilling, meticulously documented account of the arrest and ongoing trial of some of India’s most exceptional citizens. The Incarcerations shows us that the BK-16 pose a danger to the current Hindu Nationalist regime not for what they have done, but for daring to have a different dream about what kind of country India should be. Alpa Shah’s book is about the criminalisation and incarceration of dissent itself. It does us a great service’ Arundhati Roy
Dark Waters, Starry Skies
Esteemed Pacific War historian Jeffrey Cox has produced a fast-paced and absorbing read of the crucial New Georgia phase of the Guadalcanal-Solomons Campaign during the Pacific War. Thousands of miles from friendly ports, the US Navy had finally managed to complete the capture of Guadalcanal from the Japanese in early 1943. Now the Allies sought to keep the offensive momentum won at such a high cost. Determined not to repeat their mistakes at Guadalcanal, the Allies nonetheless faltered in their continuing efforts to roll back the Japanese land, air and naval forces. Dark Waters, Starry Skies is an engrossing history which weaves together strategy and tactics with a blow-by-blow account of every battle at a vital point in the Pacific War that has not been analyzed in this level of detail before. Using first-hand accounts from both sides, this book vividly recreates all the terror and drama of the nighttime naval battles during this phase of the Solomons campaign and the ferocious firestorm many Marines faced as they disembarked from their landing craft. The reader is transported to the bridge to stand alongside Admiral Walden Ainsworth as he sails to stop another Japanese reinforcement convoy for New Georgia, and vividly feels the fear of an 18-year-old Marine as he fights for survival against a weakened but still determined enemy.
Bagration 1944
A fascinating history of the great summer offensive launched by the Red Army in 1944 which turned the tide of the war.Throughout the war on the Eastern Front, there were two consistent trends. The Red Army battled to learn how to fight and win, while involved in a struggle for its very survival. But by 1944 it had a leadership that was able to wield it with lethal effect and with far more effective equipment than before. By contrast, the Wehrmacht had commenced a slow process of decline after the invasion of the Soviet Union. Hitler became increasingly unwilling to delegate decision-making to commanders in the field, which had been crucial to earlier success. The long years of fighting had also taken a heavy toll. Thousands of irreplaceable junior officers and NCOs were dead, wounded or prisoners.Renowned Eastern Front expert Prit Buttar expertly brings these contrasting fortunes to life, trends which culminated in the huge battles of Bagration. As this masterful study conclusively shows, in 1944 the Red Army finally put together a campaign that utterly destroyed the German Army Group Centre. The Wehrmacht suffered the loss of over 300,000 men killed, wounded or taken prisoner and the Red Army rolled forward across Belarus to the outskirts of Warsaw. The end of the war was still many months away, and the Germans managed to reconstruct their line on the Eastern Front, but final victory for the Soviet Union was now only a matter of time as a direct consequence of Bagration.
Rot
''A vigorous and engaging new study of the Irish famine . . . Richly underpinned by research in contemporary sources and firmly rooted in historical scholarship.'' Fintan O''Toole''A vivid, polemical narrative that does justice to victims and explains the ideologies that worsened the disaster.'' Irish Independent''Scanlan''s history of the ''''Great Hunger'' and its repercussions is meticulous, measured and damning.'' Financial Times''Mr. Scanlan''s haunting and terrible book is undoubtedly a history title of the year.'' Wall Street JournalIn the 1800s, as Britain became the world''s most powerful industrial empire, Ireland starved. The Great Famine fractured long-held assumptions about political economy and ''civilisation'', threatening disorder in Britain. Ireland was a laboratory for empire, shaping British ideas about colonisation, population, ecology and work.In Rot, Padraic Scanlan reinterprets the history of this time and the result is a revelatory account of Ireland''s Great Famine. In the first half of the nineteenth century, nowhere in Europe - or the world - did the working poor depend as completely on potatoes as in Ireland. To many British observers, potatoes were evidence of a lack of modernity among the Irish. However, Ireland before the famine more closely resembled capitalism''s future than its past. While poverty before and during the Great Famine was often blamed on Irish backwardness, it did in fact stem from the British Empire''s embrace of modern capitalism. Uncovering the disaster''s roots in Britain''s deep imperial faith in markets and capitalism, Rot reshapes our understanding of the Famine and its tragic legacy.
Sea Sick
This eighteenth-century glass bottle – and what it contained – represents an important step in the fight against a disease that once claimed the lives of millions: scurvy. Through notable voyages and afflicted individuals, the physical and psychological manifestations of the deadly ‘sickness of the sea’ are examined in a maritime context. What starts as a story of the often haphazard and ineffective efforts to find a cure becomes a tale of pioneering experiments and the eventual discovery of vitamin C. Sea Sick: Lime Juice and Scurvy is part of the Royal Museums Greenwich Spotlight series, accessible introductions to some of the most intriguing objects in the collection.
Soviet Motor Torpedo Boats of World War II
In the 1920s and 30s, aircraft designer Andrey Tupolev designed a series of advanced torpedo boats for the USSR. Superbly illustrated, this is their first history in English. The Soviet Navy''s fast attack craft were inspired by the 1919 Kronstadt raid, conducted by British hydroplaning, torpedo-armed Coastal Motor Boats (CMBs). The first were to be CMB copies, but with Soviet shipbuilding incapable of the project, it was handed to the Aerodynamic Institute, headed by Andrey Tupolev. Built with aircraft engines and technology, his 50kt boats were as photogenic as they were bumpy and noisy, and made a vivid impression on propaganda newsreels. Some were adapted with remote control guidance, a pioneering development of the naval drone. Written by a former Soviet naval architect, this book is the first in English to offer a history of these fascinating, dashing craft. He explains that, technically advanced but flawed, the Sh-4 and G-5 had no opportunity to act in their designated role in World War II. Instead, some were employed instead as landing craft, while others were rearmed and used as minelayers or subchasers. Many were adapted as fire support craft with Katyusha rocket launchers installed. Packed with superb new artwork and unpublished photos, it examines Tupolev''s torpedo boats as well as the handful of other MTBs the Soviet Union fielded. It is an account of a rare impressive design in the prewar Soviet Navy.
Mediterranean Sweep
Filled with personal accounts of the action, this book details the USAAF’s tactical and strategic campaigns in the skies over Italy in World War II.With the defeat of the Germans and Italians on Sicily in mid-July 1943, the focus of the war in the air shifted toward the battle for the Italian mainland itself. This campaign took place in the context of the coming invasion of northwest Europe, with many of the best units from the North African and Sicilian campaigns withdrawn to prepare for the new front, while those units that remained had a lower priority for replacements of men and material. Despite these difficulties, the air war in the Italian campaign is a study in the successful application of tactical air power. Mediterranean Sweep describes how USAAF forces, alongside Free French, Italian Co-Belligerent, British and Commonwealth units, and even a squadron of the Brazilian Air Force, took the war to the Axis in both the fighter-bomber war and Operation Bingo, the successful bombing campaign to withhold supplies from the German forces fighting on the Gothic Line. Building on the story of the USAAF in North Africa and over Sicily told in his previous work Turning The Tide, renowned aviation expert Tom Cleaver uses a wide range of first-hand accounts from American, Allied, German, and Italian pilots and other aircrew to bring to life the bitter struggle in the skies over Italy from mid-1943 through to the end of World War II.
Charles Hare's Great Escape
This is the story of a young midshipman in the Royal Navy and his audacious escape from Napoleonic France. Only 13 years old when he was captured by the French, Charles Hare spent six years as a prisoner of war before making his break for freedom disguised in a French customs service uniform. This uniform is now in the collection of Royal Museums Greenwich, along with the autobiographical account of his escape. His tale is unique and deeply personal, but it also sheds light on wider histories of customs regulation, conflict and captivity. Charles Hare’s Great Escape: The Story of a Napoleonic Prisoner of War is part of the Royal Museums Greenwich Spotlight series, accessible introductions to some of the most intriguing objects in the collection.
The CIA Book Club
A Book of the Year in the Daily Telegraph and Economist LONGLISTED for the CWA ALCS Gold Dagger for Non-Fiction 2026 'This book reads like a spy novel' FINANICAL TIMES 'Entertaining and vivid' OBSERVER –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––- The astonishing story of the ten million books that were smuggled across the Iron Curtain during the Cold War. For almost five decades after the Second World War, Europe was divided by the longest and most heavily guarded border on earth. The Iron Curtain, a near-impenetrable barrier of wire and wall, tank traps, minefields, watchtowers and men with dogs, stretched for 4,300 miles from the Arctic to the Black Sea. No physical combat would take place along this frontier: the risk of nuclear annihilation was too high for that. Instead, the conflict would be fought in the psychological sphere. It was a battle for hearts, minds and intellects. No one understood this more clearly than George Minden, the head of a covert intelligence operation known as the ‘CIA books programme’, which aimed to win the Cold War with literature. From its Manhattan headquarters, Minden’s global CIA ‘book club’ would infiltrate millions of banned titles into the Eastern Bloc, written by a vast and eclectic list of authors, including Hannah Arendt and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, George Orwell and Agatha Christie. Volumes were smuggled on trucks and aboard yachts, dropped from balloons, and hidden in the luggage of hundreds of thousands of individual travellers. Once inside Soviet bloc, each book would circulate secretly among dozens of like-minded readers, quietly turning them into dissidents. Latterly, underground print shops began to reproduce the books, too. By the late 1980s, illicit literature in Poland was so pervasive that the system of communist censorship broke down, and the Iron Curtain soon followed. Charlie English tells this true story of spycraft, smuggling and secret printing operations for the first time, highlighting the work of a handful of extraordinary people who risked their lives to stand up to the intellectual strait-jacket Stalin created. People like Miroslaw Chojecki, an underground Polish publisher who endured beatings, force-feeding and exile in service of this mission. And Minden, the CIA’s mastermind, who didn’t waver in his belief that truth, culture, and diversity of thought could help free the ‘captive nations’ of Eastern Europe. This is a story about the power of the printed word as a means of resistance and liberation. Books, it shows, can set you free.
A History of the World in 80 Lost Women
<p><b>A fresh, informative and entertaining pop history of the world told through the biographies of eighty fascinating women you may not have heard of (but should have).</b><br><br>From the earliest human civilizations through to the present day, this book has curated the <b>80</b> <b>stories of countless influential women</b> – <b>leaders, artists, warriors, scientists</b> and more – have been ignored, forgotten or actively suppressed. In <i>A History of the World in 80 Lost Women</i>, Olivia Meikle and Katie Nelson restore women’s stories to their rightful place in world history. <br><br>Based on the <b>acclaimed podcast</b> <i>What’sHerName</i>, this is a truly global history that weaves together the biographies of incredible women <b>spanning six continents and</b> <b>thousands of years</b>, from Ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire to imperial China, the Americas and post-war Europe. This book tells a captivating and funny, thought-provoking and <b>deeply researched</b> historical narrative. Drawing on years of study and interviews with dozens of experts, this is an insightful and enthralling look at the <b>trailblazing women you may not have heard of</b> (but should have).</p>
Operation Steinbock 1944
The story of Germany''s disastrous last cross-Channel Blitz in early 1944, which left the Luftwaffe devastated and barely able to oppose the D-Day landings. Operation Steinbock, or as it became known, the ‘Baby Blitz’ was the Luftwaffe’s last sustained night bomber offensive against the United Kingdom. In this book, renowned Luftwaffe historian Chris Goss explains how and why the Luftwaffe''s last cross-Channel campaign was such a contrast to the Battle of Britain and subsequent Blitz of 1940–41. In 1944, the Luftwaffe’s under-trained, hard-pressed, and inexperienced bomber crews were out-thought and outfought by their opponents, who combined the latest ground-controlled radar with powerful new night fighters and advanced anti-aircraft defences, including radar-assisted guns and even anti-aircraft rockets. Packed with dramatic original illustrations, explanatory diagrams, 2D maps of the strategic situation and 3D maps recreating key missions, this book tells the story of Operation Steinbock and its crucial consequences. The Germans'' last air campaign over England ended in late May 1944, with the Luftwaffe having lost hundreds of much-needed aircraft and crews. Just days later, the Allies stormed ashore across the beaches of Normandy, and the Luftwaffe could do little to stop them.
Christian Nationalism, Nation-Building, and the Making of the Holocaust in Slovakia
Previous scholarship on fascism in Slovakia has focused on either state actors operating from urban centres or the mechanisms of violence on a grassroots level - with the result being that the Holocaust is seen as primarily a top-down and state-centred process.In contrast, Hana Kubátová reveals here a dynamic and unexplored centre-periphery relationship, and how violence against the Jewish population unfolded in both cities and the countryside, and on both national and local levels. As an integral component of broader nation-building efforts, the authority of the fascist regime and the newly-founded Slovak state hinged not only on appeasing Hitler but also on civilian populations of the nation''s heterogenous eastern borderlands, especially local elites, such as priest and teachers, as well as the rural masses. The book explores how this relationship was forged, how it was maintained, and how, ultimately, Christian nationalism operated as a political strategy that brought differently positioned actors together - to broker deals over resources and power accrued through the co-enactment of genocide by a broad coalition of perpetrators on the ground. In so doing, this little-known chapter of Holocaust history offers a new way to understand the dynamics and escalations of mass violence, and how collaborations between elite and popular groups can pave the way for ethnic cleansing across different territories and, even, times.
Captain Ogle's Cup
Only one man in British history has ever been knighted for services to combat piracy, but his name ? unlike those of his adversaries ? is practically unknown. In fact, Chaloner Ogle enjoyed a long and distinguished career in the Royal Navy, rising to become Admiral of the Fleet. His spectacular career coincided with the ?golden age? of piracy, when trade in the Atlantic and beyond was threatened by roving bands of sea-robbers. Following a series of incidents on the African coast, Ogle set his sights on one particular robber, Bartholomew Roberts, or ?Black Bart?. The encounter that ensued is recorded in Captain Charles Johnson?s A General History of the Pyrates, published in 1724. Struck by grapeshot, which ripped out his throat, Roberts was killed in an instant. Ogle, however, was denied the chance to capture the pirate when Roberts?s crew threw his corpse overboard. The body was never recovered. The crew, however, suff ered fates that befell many captured pirates: some were hanged, others were sentenced to indentured labour, practically a life sentence in itself. While the exact details of how the coconut cup at the centre of this publication came to be made are unknown, it is a tantalising link to this period of history. The object will be on display during a major new exhibition at the National Maritime Museum from spring 2025 to early 2026.
Pridajte sa k nám na ceste časom s našou komplexnou kolekciou encyklopédií zaoberajúcich sa históriou. Táto kategória obsahuje všetko od praveku až po súčasnosť. Študujte historické udalosti, významné osobnosti, dôležité civilizácie a momenty, ktoré formovali svet, v ktorom žijeme dnes. Ideálne pre študentov, učiteľov, ako aj pre všeobecných historických nadšencov, naše encyklopédie sú zdrojom nevyčerpaných informácií a zábavného poznávania.
Mnohé encyklopédie sú bohato ilustrované, čo umožňuje čitateľom lepšie vizualizovať a porozumieť historickým udalostiam a obdobiam.
