Najnovšie - Politológia strana 43 z 137
zobraziť:
The Canceling of the American Mind
Why bother refuting your opponents, when you can just take away their platform or career?
Greg Lukianoff was one of the first to raise the alarm about the troubling social and psychological consequences of the growing intolerance of opposing viewpoints on university campuses in America; a phenomenon which then swept through the English-speaking world.
In this new book, he teams up with Rikki Schlott to show how this trend has spread to a wide range of workplaces and cultural spaces, which are giving up on a culture of free speech in favour of cancel culture. Drawing on original research and data, along with hundreds of new examples from publishing to psychotherapy, comedy, science and medicine, this book shows how the left and the right both work to silence their enemies in different ways. It's not simply a matter of Twitter spats; people are losing their jobs, livelihoods and sometimes their lives over it.
Eye-opening, urgent and transformative, The Canceling of the American Mind argues that cancel culture is not merely a moral panic, but a dysfunctional way in which people battle for power, status and dominance: moving us away from being able to argue productively, listen generously and ultimately be civil when we disagree. This book offers concrete steps towards reclaiming a culture of free speech, with materials specifically tailored for parents, teachers, business leaders and all those who use social media. It shows how we can all harness intellectual humility to become more resilient and open minded.
Safe Havens for Hate
Why efforts to moderate harmful content on social media fail to stop extremistsContent moderation on social media has become one of the most daunting challenges of our time. Nowhere is the need for action more urgent than in the fight against terrorism and extremism. Yet despite mass content takedowns, account suspensions, and mounting pressure on technology companies to do more, hate thrives online. Safe Havens for Hate looks at how content moderation shapes the tactics of harmful content producers on a wide range of social media platforms. Drawing on a wealth of original data on more than a hundred militant and hate organizations around the world, Tamar Mitts shows how differing moderation standards across platforms create safe havens that allow these actors to organize, launch campaigns, and mobilize supporters. She reveals how the structure of the information environment shapes the cross-platform activity of extremist organizations and movements such as the Islamic State, the Proud Boys, the Oath Keepers, and QAnon, and highlights the need to consider the online ecosystem, not just individual platforms, when developing strategies to combat extremism. Taking readers to the frontlines of the digital battleground where dangerous organizations operate, Safe Havens for Hate sheds critical light on how governments and technology companies grapple with the tension between censorship and free speech when faced with violence, hate, and extremism.
Red Flag
Sir KeirStarmer made the leap from Leader of the Opposition to Prime Minister in onlyfour years, one of just a handful of politicians to have done so since 1945. Yetthe landslide majority that Labour secured under him in July 2024 has beendescribed as 'loveless' and his first months in Downing Street wereovershadowed by rows and controversies, turning what should have been apolitical honeymoon into a period of sustained turbulence. In this fullyrevised and updated edition of his 2021 biography, Michael Ashcroft traces how Starmerwent from schoolboy socialist to radical lawyer and Director of Public Prosecutionsbefore - aged fifty-two - becoming an MP, then Labour leader and ultimately theoccupant of No. 10. Revealingpreviously unknown details which help to explain what makes Starmer tick, this carefulexamination of Britain's first Labour Prime Minister for fourteen years offersvoters the chance to assess his character and his political instincts. Havingturned his party into an election-winning machine, his goal is to transformBritain into one of the most progressive states in the world. Does he have whatit takes to succeed?
The Future of Revolution
Communism comes from the future, but its hopes haunt our past. Reading revolutionary history from the Paris Commune to the George Floyd Uprising by the light of communist theory, from Marx to C. L. R. James, The Future of Revolution illuminates the possibilities for overcoming class society in the twenty-first century.
When Marx wrote that the Paris Commune of 1871 showed that "the working class cannot simply lay hold of the ready-made state machinery, and wield it for its own purposes," he identified a principle that will remain true as long as capitalism and its class antagonism persist. Historical revolutions reveal essential features of our communist horizon, which would-be revolutionaries, then as now, must negotiate one way or another. In chapters that move from a critical history of the workers' council to a reading of Marx's theory of value as an inverted description of communism, Jasper Bernes synthesizes from a history of failure the key criteria for success. He defines for our present moment the urgent mission of the world proletariat.
Democratic Elitism
A searing argument—and work of meticulous scholarship—about how American political scientists misinterpreted the elite theory of democracy and in so doing made our political system vulnerable to oligarchic takeover. Do competitive elections secure democracy, or might they undermine it by breeding popular disillusionment with liberal norms and procedures? The so-called Italian School of Elitism, comprising Vilfredo Pareto, Gaetano Mosca, and Robert Michels, voiced this very concern. They feared that defining democracy exclusively through representative practices creates unrealistic expectations of what elections can achieve, generating mass demoralization and disillusionment with popular government. The Italian School’s concern has gone unheeded, even as their elite theory has been foundational for political science in the United States. Democratic Elitism argues that scholars have misinterpreted the Italians as conservative, antidemocratic figures who championed the equation of democracy with representative practices to restrain popular participation in politics. Natasha Piano contends not only that the Italian School’s thought has been distorted but also that theorists have ignored its main objective: to contain demagogues and plutocrats who prey on the cynicism of the masses. We ought to view these thinkers not as elite theorists of democracy but as democratic theorists of elitism. The Italian School’s original writings do not reject electoral politics; they emphasize the power and promise of democracy beyond the ballot. Elections undoubtedly are an essential component of functioning democracies, but in order to preserve their legitimacy we must understand their true capacities and limitations. It is past time to dispel the delusion that we need only elections to solve political crises, or else mass publics, dissatisfied with the status quo, will fall deeper into the arms of authoritarians who capture and pervert formal democratic institutions to serve their own ends.
Amerika ve varu
,Kronika Spojených států (nejen) v čase prezidentských voleb. Kniha vychází z “deníkových záznamů, které autor pravidelně zpracovával formou týdenních newsletterů. Ty pokrývají 73 po sobě jdoucích týdnů vedoucích k finále amerických prezidentských voleb 5. listopadu 2024. Kniha je tak zajímavým časovým trezorem měnících se událostí, názorů, stavů a jevů v americké společnosti, které ovlivňují nejen vnitřní americkou politiku, ale také atmosféru a stav společnosti na celém světě. Kniha však není jen o politice, politicích a volbách, ale také o amerických filmech, knihách, zajímavých osobnost a obecně životě ve Spojených státech amerických v době nejen „ve varu“.
Russia's Gamble
In February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale military assault on Ukraine, aimed at re-establishing Russian control over the Ukrainian state, economy and society, similar in many ways to the Soviet period. This goal, however, was not achieved, and most likely will not be achieved in the future. Rather, the Russian “special military operation” has resulted in extraordinary disasters and losses for Russia, for Ukraine, and for the entire world. This book examines the origins of the Russian assault on Ukraine and offers an explanation of why it has not achieved its aims. Why did Russian elites and leaders propose, prepare for and implement the assault on Ukraine in such a poorly prepared and heavily destructive way? In seeking to answer these questions, Gel’man focuses on Russia’s domestic agenda and its dynamics after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The personalist nature of the Russian authoritarian political regime, its vulnerability to bad governance, major misperceptions by the Russian elites and leadership, and reliance of the Kremlin upon previous experience of Russian impunity were all key factors that led to Russia’s fateful decision to attack Ukraine and have continued to shape Russia’s mistake-ridden conduct of the war since then. Gel’man also considers what lessons can be learned from Russia’s military assault for understanding the global agenda and for the study of domestic and international politics in the twenty-first century. This book, written by a leading expert on Russian politics, will be of great value to students and scholars in politics and to anyone interested in Russia and in the causes and consequences of the war against Ukraine.
Environmental Ethics of War
War is bad for nature, yet relatively little attention has been devoted to environmental military ethics by just war theorists and philosophers of war. Most wars since 1945 have been civil conflicts, often in areas containing the greatest biodiversity. Combining environmental ethics with ethics of war, this Element examines how the environmental crisis should challenge and change the rules of war. While environmental wartime regulation has been addressed rarely by just war theorists, environmental jus ad bellum has hardly been tackled at all. Can environmental harm trigger a new justification for war? Can targeting nature constitute terrorism? And what would be a proportionate response to ''environmental aggression''? With global degradation and climate change right around the corner, this Element discusses some of the most pressing practical ethics issues of our times, suggesting that grave environmental transgressions should be combatted by measures that do not themselves cause disproportionate harm to nature.
Undoing a Revolution
In 2019, a people''s revolution ended the thirty-year reign of Sudan''s military president Umar al-Bashir. A transitional government took power, led by esteemed international economist Abdalla Hamdok and promising a return to civilian rule. But Sudan''s new government quickly imposed a shock therapy programme of cuts, privatisations and devaluation, following the diktat of foreign lenders. In 2021, as Sudan grew poorer, the army seized on popular discontent to launch a coup, burying hopes for a democratic transition. But why did Sudan''s first civilian government in more than a quarter-century bend to the will of creditors at this crucial moment in the country''s history? The answer lies in an unwieldy and unpayable debt burden that has long constricted Sudanese politics and society. Undoing a Revolution narrates the history of sovereign debt in Sudan from independence to the present, revealing the innovative policies adopted by Sudanese governments to manage their place in the global economy. But it also shows how external actors have leveraged the power of debt to impose their will and wreak havoc. With Sudan embroiled in civil war since 2023, Harry Cross explores the political implications of sovereign debt for states and societies across Africa, and around the world.
Inside the Radicalized Mind
This Element aims to better understand the role of the internet in the radicalization process, focusing on how online factors contribute to self-radicalization. Specifically, it examines the neurocognitive process of online radicalization by analyzing the impact of terrorist and extremist propaganda videos on individuals'' cognitive empathy using electroencephalography (EEG). Ultimately, this research aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of online radicalization and the psychological effects of exposure to extremist content on the internet. This Element explores the role of the internet in the radicalization process, focusing on how online factors contribute to self-radicalization. It analyzes the neurocognitive impact of terrorist propaganda videos on individuals'' cognitive empathy using electroencephalography, providing a comprehensive understanding of online radicalization.
How Russians Understand the New Russia
The issues that are the most and the least divisive in RussiaThe collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 created a new Russia, with new territorial boundaries and new political and economic systems. The hybrid political economy that emerged incorporated commitments to markets and democracy that were undermined by the state’s economic interventions and authoritarian restrictions. In this book, Paul Chaisty and Stephen Whitefield argue that the hybridity of the post-Soviet system provided a strong basis for the consolidation of Russian public opinion—and for the management of contestation so that it did not threaten the system itself. Drawing on almost thirty years of original public opinion research in Russia, Chaisty and Whitefield also find, however, that the territorial dimension of Russia’s postcommunist transformation has disrupted public support for the hybrid political economy. In particular, they trace the reopening of system-level disagreement between system supporters and system opponents to the nationalist turn in Russian politics that culminated in the 2014 annexation of Crimea and the reactivation of Soviet identities. How Russians Understand the New Russia provides the first longitudinal study of Russian public opinion on the system of political and economic power that replaced communism. It offers unique insights into how Russian citizens have adapted their views of the new Russia, identifying the issues that are the most—and the least—divisive. Chaisty and Whitefield track Russian public opinion on a broad range of policy questions, discuss the political importance of both voting and not voting and consider problems of nation-building and national identity. Finally, they weigh the impact of the Ukraine war on Russia’s hybrid system, and whether consolidation or further contestation is more likely.
The Project
INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER''Essential and authoritative. Sheds serious light on the dark money, dark ideas & dark souls propelling Trump’s cruelty and betrayal of the USA'' - James O''BrienIn the months leading up to the 2024 presidential election, news spread about Project 2025, a nearly 1,000-page document published by the conservative think tank The Heritage Foundation. The debates—and anxiety—surrounding this initiative have only increased as authors of the Project assume positions of power in the second Trump administration.So, what is Project 2025, exactly? Who wrote it, what does it actually say, and what does it mean for everyday people around the world, across the political spectrum, in the years to come?In The Project, award-winning journalist David A. Graham offers much-needed context and distills the essential elements of this sprawling document. Breaking down the Project’s strategy for transforming—and radically empowering—the executive branch, Graham then explains what the architects behind Project 2025 would do with that power: restoring traditional gender norms and the supremacy of the nuclear family, decimating the civil service, performing mass deportations, reducing corporate regulation and worker protections, and more.Project 2025 is the intellectual blueprint for the new administration, Graham argues, and its tenets should not be legible only to policy wonks. Authoritative yet highly accessible, The Project demystifies it for those whose lives it will impact most.
Syria
A widely recognized expert on the unfolding crisis in Syria here melds reportage, analysis, and history in an accessible overview of events leading up to the toppling of the Assad regime and the fragile prospects for peace in its wake.How did the Syrian regime fall? Gradually, then all at once.In December 2024, the long and bloody stalemate in Syria broke down. In a transformation breathtaking for its suddenness and speed, President Bashar al-Assad, the beating heart of Arab authoritarianism, fled to Russia, his dungeons emptying as rebels overcame the Syrian army with scarcely a fight.Euphoria at the collapse of a government people never voted for was tempered by fear for the future. The victorious insurgents were supported by outside powers and had a track record of brutality comparable to Assad?s in addition to religious fanaticism. Syrians?whose fragile, cosmopolitan mosaic has been repeatedly shattered by foreign-backed sectarians?faced rule by an avowedly Islamist regime that pledged to break with its past and show tolerance to all religious communities.In this illuminating and concise survey, Charles Glass shows how Assad?s misrule, Sunni fundamentalism, and Western deceit combined to create and prolong the Syrian disaster, which since 2011 has claimed more than two hundred thousand lives and driven more than eight million people from their homes.Glass has reported extensively from the Middle East and travelled frequently in Syria for more than fifty years. Here he melds reportage, analysis, and history to provide an accessible overview of the origins and permutations defining the conflict, situating it clearly in the broader crises of the region.In this new and thoroughly revised edition of his earlier Syria Burning, Glass brings the story to the present, showing how we got here and what a post-Assad settlement might bring.
Comparative Foreign Policy
?Fills a void in the comparative study offoreign policy?. Jesse?s book systematically analyzes thediffering foreign policies of states, allowing [students] to assess thepractical decisions made by states and their foreign policy decisionmakers??Timothy J. White, Xavier University"Neal Jesse''s book stands out within the study of comparative foreign policy, providing an ''outside in'' rather than ''inside out'' take on how states formulate and pursue their foreign policy objectives. Jesse places a premium on the rank hierarchy of states as a conditioning factor that shapes not only behaviors but also interests. The result is a rich depiction of how the prevailing global order affects the conduct of foreign policy across a cross-section of states." ?Michael Butler, Clark UniversityClearly written, authoritative, pedagogically sound ... This new text effectively links cases and theory to provide students with a thorough understanding of the ways that foreign policy is crafted and carried out in diverse countries around the world. Grounding his approach in dominant IR theories?and ranging from great powers to small states?Neal Jesse provides the comparative perspective needed to make clear the connections between theory and practice in the conduct of foreign affairs.CONTENTS: Comparative Foreign Policy.THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS.Understanding Foreign Policy: Theories and Concepts.A Three-Theory Approach: Realism, Domestic Factors, and Social Constructivism.Power and Capabilities: The Role of State Size.MAKING FOREIGN POLICY.Great Powers: Foreign Policy from a Position of Global Strength.Large Powers: Foreign Policy from a Position of Regional Strength.Middle Powers: Foreign Policy from a Position of Strengths and Weaknesses.Small States: Foreign Policy from a Position of Weakness.CONCLUSION.Studying Foreign Policy Behavior in Context.
Beyond the Final Whistle
'A profound reminder that football is far more than a sport; it's a canvas for building a fairer and more compassionate world' - Kelly Davies, former Wales international football playerBeyond the Final Whistle explores a new philosophy of football, showing how sport could lead to social change instead of propping up a hyper-consumerist society. Vasilis Kostakis tackles the meaning of the beautiful game, exploring how it is produced and played. From the dribbles of a young Zapatista, to the many goals of Leo Messi, he imagines what football would look like in a post-capitalist world. How does football affect global inequality and the climate crisis? How does it teach our children empathy? What makes the game so captivating to billions of people, and how can this passion be used for liberation? With humour and insight, Beyond the Final Whistle is a love letter to football and revolution.
The Non-Aligned World
Non-Alignment is back with a vengeance. In recent years, the number of countries embracing this venerable approach to foreign policy has increased exponentially, making it a force to be reckoned with in world affairs. The war in Ukraine, the expansion of the BRICS group, and the conflict in Gaza have given a special impetus to its rise in a new form: Active Non-Alignment (ANA). This has gone hand-in-hand with the growing power and influence of the Global South in world politics. In this agenda-setting book, Jorge Heine, Carlos Fortin and Carlos Ominami, explain the origins, dynamics and significance of ANA, for the future of world order. Far from a transitory expression of the current state of affairs, they argue that ANA is here to stay. It provides a powerful guide to action and a fine-tuned compass for the Global Majority, that is, the countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, to strike out and prioritize their national interests, whilst navigating the perilous waters of a troubled world in the throes of change.
Economic War
Winner of the US - Russia Relations Book Prize from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts UniversityVladimir Putin''s first invasion of Ukraine, in 2014, set off a global economic clash, as the West used its clout with international markets to deter and penalise the Kremlin. The battlelines of this ''war by other means'' traversed a series of deep economic connections, built up during Russia''s oil, gas and commodities boom: global equity and capital markets, and transnational kleptocracy. Maximilian Hess''s startling book lifts the lid on Russia''s response to Western sanctions, and the ensuing skirmishes in London''s courts, on Swiss trading desks and in boardrooms in New Delhi. He explores how pipelines, mines, loans and crypto-markets were weaponised. This narrative sets the stage for Putin''s all-out assault on Kyiv in February 2022, which turned financial, food and fuel markets into bona fide battlefields, bringing the fight into everyone''s home, from Pennsylvania to Pakistan. Rather than a ''new Cold War'', we are witnessing a conflict over finance, energy and capital markets. How such economic warfare turns out will determine the future of liberalism and democracy; it will also set a precedent for economic relations between the West and China, as the two diverge into rival spheres of influence and power.
Rethinking Colonial Legacies across Southeast Asia
This Element explores the significance of the Japanese wartime empire's occupation of Southeast Asia during World War Two for understanding the region's colonial legacies. It conceptualizes the occupation as a critical juncture that mediated the survival of American and European colonial institutions, and comparatively describes how, between 1940 and 1945, a wide variety of formal institutions for governing territories and people operated under the Japanese, who selectively kept or changed the existing arrangements of their Western predecessors, while sometimes introducing new ones altogether. The Japanese occupation, as such, generated different processes for transmitting pre-1940 colonial institutions into postwar and independent Southeast Asia. Building on new histories of the occupation, this Element offers an analytical framework that helps social scientists specify the mechanisms through which the long-run consequences of colonial institutions obtain in the context of Southeast Asia, while grappling more generally with what constitutes a meaningful rupture to historical continuity.
The Eyes of Gaza
In early October 2023, Palestinian Plestia Alaqad was a recent graduate with dreams of becoming a successful journalist. By the end of November, her social media posts depicting daily life in Gaza, amid Israel''s deadly invasion and bombardment, would profoundly move millions of people. She would be internationally known as the ''Eyes of Gaza''. Written as a series of diary extracts, The Eyes of Gaza relates the horrors of her experiences while showcasing the indomitable spirit of the men, women and children who share her communities. From the epicentre of turmoil, while bombs rain around her and devastation grips her people, she is witness to their emotions, their gentle acts of quiet, necessary heroism, and the moments of unexpected tenderness and vulnerability amid the chaos.Through the raw honesty and vulnerability of a normal 21-year-old woman trying to make her way through a human tragedy, The Eyes of Gaza is a potent reminder of the horrors of violence and a powerful testament to the human spirit. It recounts a harrowing experience, but it is not a heart-breaking lamentation. Rather, it is a deeply intimate love letter to a girl''s home: demolished before her eyes, yes, but forever present in her heart.
V kategórii literatúry politológia nájdete rozsiahlu zbierku kníh a diel, ktoré sa zaoberajú politickými systémami, inštitúciami a procesmi. Táto kategória ponúka literatúru o politike, politickej teórii, medzinárodných vzťahoch a politických ideológiách.
Objavte diela svetovo uznávaných politických teoretikov a výskumníkov, ktorí analyzujú mocenské štruktúry, rozhodovacie procesy, politické konflikty a spoločenské zmeny. Ich príspevky sú kľúčové pre lepšie porozumenie politických systémov a ich vplyvu na spoločnosť.
Medzi najznámejších autorov v oblasti politológie patria Niccolo Machiavelli, či Karl Marx.
V slovenskom kontexte môžeme uviesť Miroslava Kusého, Vladimíra Krivého a Miroslava Londáka ako významných autorov politologickej literatúry. Ich diela sa zaoberajú politickým vývojom, inštitúciami a politickým správaním na Slovensku.
