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When the German war machine launched its attack against the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, Adolf Hitler had given priority first to the capture of Ukraine, which was against the advice of his generals. In order to secure Ukraine quickly and effectively the German Army Group South entrusted its powerful Panzer Group 1 to lead the spearhead through the country. It included the III, XIV and XLVIII Army Corps (motorized) with five Panzer divisions and four motorized divisions (two of them SS) equipped with 799 tanks. Unlike their enemy, German armoured units had effective command, control, communication, and a massive supply of ammunition and support formations coupled with considerable combat experience and extensive training. What followed in the heartlands of the Ukraine was a series of powerful wide-sweeping, deep penetrating armoured attacks toward the Dnieper River. Places like Dubno, Brody, Kiev, Crimea and Kharkov saw heavy armoured fighting.This book in the Images of War series is a highly illustrated record of German tanks and armour that fought in the Ukraine between 1941 and 1944. It describes how these deadly machines fought and supported the infantry on the battlefield. It depicts how these formidable weapons were adapted and up-gunned to face the ever-increasing enemy threat. With rare and often unpublished photographs this book provides a unique insight into German armour in the Ukraine from its early triumphant days in 1941 and 1942 to its slow and painful retreat in 1944.

The British Airborne landings on Sicily are the least known and, without doubt, the most fraught with political and technical strife. Newly formed Airlanding troops were delivered into battle in gliders they knew little about. The men of the Glider Pilot Regiment (GPR) had self-assembled the gliders while living in the empty packing cases. They accomplished this complex and technically challenged task while living on fly-ridden, dusty North African airfields. After only a few hours of conversion training they took off for a night flight across the Mediterranean Sea that was to end in near-catastrophe.With over three hundred soldiers drowned off Sicily that night in July 1943, the first major operation attempted by the British using gliders almost ended in total disaster. In fact a few Airborne troops reached dry land and attacked their objectives. Shining examples of collective and individual acts of courage rocked the Italian and German defenders. This book tells the controversial story of that first mass glider operation and the men who proved the GPR motto Nothing is Impossible.This is the first account of the Sicily air landing operation.

Few people had a career that spanned two world wars and which involved some of the most dramatic and dangerous moments of the 20th century. Group Captain Frederick Winterbotham CBE, however, was one of them.Following the outbreak of war in the summer of 1914, a young Frederick, then still just 17 years old and only freshly back from a trip around the world, enlisted in the ranks of the Royal Gloucestershire Hussars Yeomanry. Soon, though, Winterbotham’s thoughts turned in a new direction – and a transfer to the Royal Flying Corps followed. Having gained his pilot’s ‘Wings’, Winterbotham was posted to 29 Squadron, then on the Western Front in France, in April 1917.Early in 1930, Winterbotham rejoined the Air Staff with the official duties of a liaison officer; unofficially he was to operate an Air Department in Britain’s Secret Service. It was in this role that, in the 1930s, he made a number of visits to Germany where he undertook a valuable intelligence and high-level espionage role among many of the top Nazis – meetings that he reveals here in dramatic detail. These encounters included Hitler himself. During the war Winterbotham was based at Bletchley Park and reported directly to the head of MI6, Sir Hugh Sinclair, as well as his successor, Sir Stewart Menzies. He was subsequently appointed as the organisation’s deputy and tasked with safeguarding the distribution and use of top secret intelligence throughout the Allied forces, which included the Enigma and Ultra transcripts. So important was this work, that Winterbotham would often report information they contained directly, and personally, to Winston Churchill.Winterbotham remained an unsung war hero, because the cracking of Enigma was considered so secret it was not revealed for some thirty years after the war, when he published his best-selling book The Ultra Secret. This autobiography is the story of one man’s remarkable service to his nation through two world wars.

After evicting the French from Portugal in 1811, the Duke of Wellington went on the offensive, having decided to attack into Spain and liberate the country. To do this, however, he first had to capture the key border fortresses of Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz. By doing this he would secure the main routes into Portugal and protect his supply lines.By mid-April in 1812, Wellington’s forces had captured both fortresses and he began planning to move into central Spain to liberate Madrid. Then, by late July, he fought and effectively destroyed the French Army of Portugal at the Battle of Salamanca and a month later was welcomed by the population of Madrid as its liberator. However, September saw the offensive stall and a gathering of French forces. By October, the order came to abandon Madrid and withdraw back to Portugal.Wellington’s army had to move quickly to avoid being cut off and its line of communication with Lisbon severed. The retreat soon turned into a grueling slog in miserable weather with little food, all the while the British troops were pursued by a relentless enemy hard on their heels. It would be late November before the army reached the safety of the Portuguese border.As in previous years the Light Division was in the thick of the fighting. It was part of the assault force at both the storming of Ciudad Rodrigo and of Badajoz. It led the army into Spain and was on the left flank at Salamanca. It was one of the first units to march into Madrid and during the retreat it was part of the rear guard.By the end of November 1812, the division was back in its cantonments around Ciudad Rodrigo. It had, however, taken horrendous casualties at all levels over the past eleven months, and it was only a shadow of itself. Packed with first-hand accounts and previously unpublished material, these new sources, especially the diaries, permit us to check the movements and locations of the regiments, the impact of over-extended supply lines, and the arrival of reinforcements and new commanders as never before revealed.

The Tactical Leadership Programme (TLP), founded in 1978, is one of Europe''s longest-running military training programs, focused on improving the tactical leadership and flying capability of NATO air forces. Its primary goal is to enhance interoperability between NATO members and provide a flying laboratory for new tactical employment concepts.With ten founding member countries—Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States—the TLP has trained thousands of pilots from various European and North American air forces. Over the decades, it has adapted to four technological generations of aircraft, training pilots during the Cold War, the post-Berlin Wall era, and through the rise of global terrorism.The book covers the history of the TLP, detailing its training syllabus, course rigor, and evolving air bases. It also features interviews with commanding officers, highlighting the importance of skilled commanders for leading multinational air formations. Veteran non-commissioned officers discuss the coordination of diverse teams across languages and cultures.

Tug Wilson becomes the luckiest aviator in the world when he is selected to fly the F-18 Hornet on an exchange posting with the US Marine Corps. And then it gets better: he finds himself living in Ocean Beach in San Diego and flying out of the TOPGUN hangar at Miramar!Representing both his country and the Royal Air Force, you might think he would have gained enough maturity by now to get through this tour without too much drama… Alas, no. During his three-year fantasy ride, pushing the world’s most intoxicating jet to its red-hot limits and loving every moment, Tug narrowly avoids causing an unholy trinity of diplomatic incidents. Seriously, what did you expec? o jump into the cockpit with Tug and experience the unrivalled camaraderie of the US Marine Corps, see how wondrous the exalted F-18 Hornet truly is, and find out what happens when a Yorkshire boy accustomed to the glamour of RAF Valley on the Isle of Anglesey is thrown into the California dreamland. This is the Wild West in the wildest of jets, and I can tell you, for a fighter pilot, it doesn’t get better than this.

How did Adolf Hitler, who had never risen higher in military service than the rank of lance-corporal, attain mastery over Germany and most of Europe? Many factors contributed to the emergence of the Third Reich, and prominent among these were the actions of Hitler''s earliest paramilitary army, the Sturmabteilungen (SA, Storm Troops), and the men chosen by the Fuhrer to lead it. An unswervingly loyal, highly disciplined militant force is as essential to the establishment and maintenance of a dictatorship as the dictator himself. Although Hitler ultimately culled the SA of its most revolutionary elements, there remained in it and the other party-affiliated organizations a spirit of fanatical, sometimes mindless worship of its supreme leader. This first volume, based largely on official personnel files and other contemporary documentation, analyzes the lives and careers of the thirteen highest-ranking SA leaders-men who held the ranks of Oberster SA-Fuhrer and SA-Stabschef.

The post-war world was dominated by the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R., but the events of 1956 exposed their limitations. On 22 October 1956, following Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser’s nationalisation of the Suez Canal, British Prime Minister Anthony Eden secretly met with French and Israeli leaders in Sevres, France. They agreed that Israel would invade Egypt, with Britain and France intervening under the guise of peacemaking to secure control of the canal and topple Nasser.On 23 October, far from the Middle East, hundreds of thousands of protesters in Budapest opposed Soviet occupation, tearing down Stalin statues. The uprising escalated as the Soviet Red Army intervened, leading to twelve days of violence, thousands killed or injured, and 250,000 Hungarians fleeing their country. Britain and France withdrew from the Suez after nine days of fighting, their ambitions thwarted by international pressure and canal closure.The U.S. and U.S.S.R. struggled to influence these events. The U.S., preoccupied with domestic elections and the threat of Soviet nuclear retaliation, could not support Eastern European movements. Soviet actions during the Hungarian uprising weakened their global image.Norman Ridley’s analysis reveals how these crises highlighted the limitations of superpower influence. Despite their nuclear strength, the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. faced challenges they could not overcome, showing their mutual struggles in shaping the post-war world order.

Ernest Hemingway created a style of writing that captivated a generation. Owing as much to music as it did to literature, it had a tonality that resonated like a drumbeat. Its hypnotic, incantatory nature was birthed under the mentoring eyes of Gertrude Stein and James Joyce during his literary apprenticeship and buffeted with the journalistic machismo of the hard-living, hard-drinking man of action he became afterwards. Despite the acres of words that have been written by and about him, Hemingway continues to elude biographers with his complexity. His first wife, Hadley Richardson, said he was more complex than geometry. Aubrey Malone captures him in all his guises here?from boxer to braggart, hunter to hero, fisherman to ?dangerous? friend. In the end, when he bagged his last trophy with a self-administered bullet to the head, he went against the ?grace under pressure? credo that had defined him for so much of his life. Ernest Hemingway: Flawed Genius investigates the man behind the myth, a writer who was a mystery even to himself.

At dawn on 13 December 1939, smoke was seen on the horizon; HMS Exeter was told to close in and investigate. Two minutes later a dramatic signal was sent from the British cruiser I think it is a pocket battleship.It was. The Deutschland-class heavy cruiser Admiral Graf Spee, marauder of the South Atlantic shipping, had sailed into a trap. Three smaller British cruisers closed in on a German warship which, so Hitler had boasted, could out-sail any ship powerful enough to damage her, and out-gun any ship able to keep up with her an invincible ship.So began the Battle of the River Plate, story which has its duplicates in British naval history, but which nevertheless brought pride and inspiration into the hearts of a nation unwillingly at war once again.A terrible battle was fought that day off the coast of South America, a naval encounter in the finest Nelson tradition and true to that tradition, victory went to the men with the finest armament of all, courage.This edition will be presented with an Appendix containing the official despatch detailing the Battle of the River Plate.

"The Swanage Railway (Heritage Guide)" marks the debut of a new series of guidebooks with a unique twist. Created by railway and industrial historian Dr Richard Marks, this guide introduces a fresh approach and style to travel literature. It serves as an introduction to both the heritage railway and the history of the region. There is so much more to Britain’s heritage railways than just the trains, once a key part of British industry and society they bring to life a lost past.The guide extends beyond the railway, highlighting captivating destinations and activities nearby. It promises something for every reader, ensuring days out that are both enjoyable and inspiring.The book offers numerous reasons for tourists to extend their stay beyond a train ride or a single day trip. It paints a vivid picture of local life in the surrounding countryside and towns in the past. Encompassing museums, castles, wildlife sanctuaries, beaches, and trails, alongside the railway, the guide provides a variety of enjoyable suggestions for visitors, to match all interests.The book points out additional resources for finding more local attractions, making it a friendly and indispensable companion for any trip to the railway and beyond.

The Byzantine Empire originated in AD 395 from the definitive subdivision of the Roman Empire into two distinct political entities: the Western Empire and the Eastern Empire. While the Western Empire disappeared in 476, due to Germanic invasions, the Eastern Empire endured for centuries. During Justinian’s reign (527-565) a good portion of the western territories were reconquered for a time and the Empire retained a distinctive ‘Roman’ nature at least until the reign of Heraclius (610-641). But during his reign, the Eastern Empire came under attack from the expanding Muslim Arabs, losing a much of its original Eastern territories. With Imperial power weakened and restricted largely to the Balkans and Anatolia, the ‘Roman’ nature of the Eastern Empire became progressively more Greek and transformed into what we know as ‘the Byzantine Empire’ (though they called themselves Romans to the end).Despite being surrounded by enemies, the Byzantines defended their remaining domains for a further half a millenium, their territories expanding and contracting with fluctuating fortunes. This tenacious survival was largely due to the ability of their military to adapt (as Roman armies always had) to emerging threats from a wide variety of enemies. The Byzantine Empire collapsed only in 1204, when attacked by forces of the Fourth Crusade, its ostensible allies. In addition to presenting an overview and analysis of the various campaigns of the period, Gabriele Esposito provides a complete review of Byzantine military organization, weapons, tactics and equipment. The clear text is lavishly illustrated with dozen of colour photographs of replica arms, armour and costume in use.

This is the story of Thomas Lancashire who joined the RAF in 1936 and became one of the famous Trenchard Brats at RAF Halton to be educated and learn the trade of fitter. He was first posted to 7 Squadron in 1939, at that time flying Whitley bombers but decided to advance himself to become a flight engineer on the new Stirling heavy bomber. He was posted to 15 Squadron at Wyton and completed a full tour that included the famous Lbeck raid, the Thousand Bomber assault on Cologne and the follow up on Essen during which he was almost shot down over Antwerp. In July 1942 he was rested and became an instructor until being posted to 97 Squadron flying Lancasters. On his ninth raid of this tour, 11 August 1943, the aircraft was attacked by a night fighter over Belgium but he successfully baled out and was eventually picked up by the Resistance and handed to an escape line. Eventually the group of evaders was betrayed by a German agent and placed in captivity, ending up in Stalag Luft IV at Mhlberg. During this time he escaped but was eventually recaptured and he was forced to share the growing despair and hardships in late 1944, enduring overcrowding, hunger and cold, until the Russian Army liberated the camp and he was airlifted back to the UK. His post-war career took him to Canada where he was employed on the Avro Arrow project until it was abandoned and he was forced to seek work in the USA. He worked with Boeing until his retirement .

The troops who fought their way up through the Italian peninsula in 1943 were labelled the ‘D-Day Dodgers’, but for the tens of thousands of men who were seriously wounded in the first months of the campaign, the mocking phrase was loaded with irony.It had all started so positively on 10 July 1943, when 2,600 ships landed more than 180,000 Commonwealth and American troops on the island of Sicily, part of what Churchill had described as the ‘soft under-belly of Europe’. This amphibious assault, supported by airborne landings, marked the start of the Italian Campaign. The Allies’ military planners thought it might be possible for a concentrated invasion to quickly knock Italy out of the war. The reality, however, was completely different. The situation was compounded by Italy’s surrender on 3 September 1943, an act which forced Hitler to launch Operation Axis, the occupation of Italy.In the months that followed, Allied troops were required to perform multiple amphibious assaults, engage in trench warfare, fight in mud, in freezing rain and snow, in the most challenging terrain imaginable. This book tells the story of the early months of the Italian campaign through the eyes of one 21-year-old private in the Royal Berkshire Regiment, Dennis Neil, who found himself lying severely wounded and near death on an Italian mountain on a bitterly cold day in November 1943. While a surgeon at a Field Hospital fought to save his life, his family received a telegram notifying them of the death of his elder brother in that same campaign.This is a story that traces one soldier’s journey to that mountainside and how his life changed irrevocably as a result of the wounds he suffered that day. It is a dramatic, and harrowing, story that is told in unparalleled detail, with the benefit of contemporary records and unpublished photographs, having been compiled through the memoirs of Dennis Neil by his son, John. Winston Churchill called Italy the ‘soft underbelly of the Axis’. It proved to be quite the opposite.

According to conventional naval history, the Coastal Motor Boat was the brainchild of three enterprising young Royal Navy officers in the early stages of the First World War. This new book reveals that the truth was far more complex, and historically more significant. Research in previously unused family records shows that the shipbuilder John I Thornycroft played a pivotal role, building on his pre-war experience in the new sport of fast motor-boat racing, without which the technologically advanced CMB could never have been built.This book goes on to analyse the original role for which these boats were specifically designed – an attack on the German High Seas Fleet in its protected anchorages – and why the operation never took place. Later activities are covered but by the end of the war many regarded the CMB as a disappointment, if not a downright failure. This changed dramatically in 1919 with the RN’s intervention against the Bolsheviks, when CMBs spectacularly raided the Kronstad naval base following the single-handed sinking of the Russian cruiser Oleg by CMB.4. Although these operations have been written up many times previously, for the first time this book has had access to contemporary Soviet reports which throw much new light on these events and their significance.After the war, the Royal Navy lost interest in CMBs – unlike the Soviets who built large numbers of what were effectively copies – but the Thornycroft design continued to be built and operated by navies as far apart as those of Finland and China. Some of these saw action in the Second World War and these largely unreported actions are also covered.The story concludes with a description of the current project in Portsmouth Naval Base which aimed to build an exact replica of CMB.4. The information gleaned from this ‘experimental archaeology’ forms a fitting end to a book replete with new information and novel insights.

Engineering entrepreneur James Edmiston acquired the Sterling Armament Company in 1971 while still in his twenties. The company was notable for manufacturing one of the most famous sub-machine guns ever produced. The Sterling had seen limited use in the Second World War and by 1953 had been formally adopted by the British Army. Sterling guns were even the basis for the weapons used by the Storm Troopers in the Star Wars films.By the beginning of the 1970s the Sterling Armament Company had been in operational difficulties. James set about putting its troubles to rights and building on its reputation for manufacturing the best quality, high-performance machine guns that could be obtained. By the age of 40 he had turned the business around and was successfully selling Sterling guns to legitimate purchasers all around the world adhering strictly to the rigorous British licensing and export regulations.But all this suddenly changed when James, along with arms dealer Reginald Dunk, was wrongly charged with illegal arms exports through Jordan to Iraq at a time when British policies were reacting to rapidly fluctuating foreign regime changes and allegiances.Their defence resulted in a merry-go-round of legal wrangles involving the British Foreign Office, Ministry of Defence and Customs & Excise.In 1985 Reginald Dunk was persuaded to plead guilty to the charges after an important witness reneged on assurances to come to court to prove his innocence. James was acquitted and it later transpired that the authorities had only been after Dunk anyway perhaps to settle another, unrelated, score. So James had all along been a pawn in a wider game that seemed incomprehensible to him at the time.The case was to have serious repercussions in Whitehall when the Scott Report (commissioned in 1992 to inspect cases of reported arms sales in the 1980s to Iraq by British companies) discovered a cover-up in the Sterling case and that senior officials had blocked Dunks witnesses. The Report condemned the misconduct as disgraceful.Though his conviction was quashed and Dunk received more than 2m for wrongful conviction in 1999, compensation for James seemed impossible because of a curious anomaly in the legal system.It was only through the efforts of Lawrence Kormornick, the lawyer who had helped Dunk receive eventual acquittal and compensation, that James could have any hope of recompense. Another fifteen years of legal battles would ensue before the matter was brought to some sort of conclusion in 2008.The book follows a period of more than twenty-five years from the sudden and unimaginable accusation of illegal arms dealing, through the ensuing legal and personal struggles that James Edmiston experienced.Packed with ironies, twists of fate and many unanswered questions it is a compelling read for anyone interested in political intrigue and abuse of power, miscarriage of justice and learning about how an individual took on the state.