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Basic Equality
An innovative argument that vindicates our normative commitment to basic equality, synthesising philosophy, history, and psychologyWhat makes human beings one another’s equals? That we are "basic equals" has become a bedrock assumption in Western moral and political philosophy. And yet establishing why we ought to believe this claim has proved fiendishly difficult, floundering in the face of the many inequalities that characterise the human condition. In this provocative work, Paul Sagar offers a novel approach to explaining and justifying basic equality. Rather than attempting to find an independent foundation for basic equality, he argues, we should instead come to see our commitment to this idea as the result of the practice of treating others as equals. Moreover, he continues, it is not enough to grapple with the problem through philosophy alone—by just thinking very hard, in our armchairs; we must draw insights from history and psychology as well. Sagar writes that, as things stand, there appear to be no good arguments for believing in the truth of basic equality. Indeed, for much of Western intellectual history and social practice, basic inequality has been the default position. How is it then, Sagar asks, that in Western societies, in a period of less than a century, basic equality emerged as the dominant view? Sagar approaches this not as a mere philosophical puzzle, but as a dramatic historical development. In so doing, he shows us what is at stake when human beings treat one another as equals just because they are human beings.
Transformations in Critical Theory
No matter where or how we live, we face enormous challenges today: inequalities continue to deepen, democratic institutions are being attacked and undermined, the environment is being destroyed and climate change is bringing humanity to a point where its very survival as a species is at stake. What does the tradition of critical theory have to say about the great challenges confronting u? n Transformations in Critical Theory, Maeve Cooke seeks to renew and revitalize Frankfurt School critical theory in ways that will help it engage with key contemporary issues and challenges, while at the same time remaining true to its mission of identifying ways to create a better world for everyone. She seeks to foster communication between critical theory and other intellectual traditions, pushing it beyond Eurocentrism and anthropocentrism and enabling it to expand and enrich its critical methodology and emancipatory visions. She urges critical theory to look outwards, beyond the epistemological and ontological contexts of Western modernity, and to investigate possibilities for better futures opened by this outwards movement. She also urges critical theory to move beyond anthropocentrism and adopt a more ecologically attuned perspective that acknowledges the importance of human relations to other-than-human beings and the ecosystems that sustain all life. Revitalized in this way, the kind of critical theory developed by Cooke re-envisions individual freedom as ethically oriented, self-determining, self-transforming human agency, always opening outwards and towards the future. Such agency is constituted in interrelation with other-than-human entities, attentive to others, human and other-than-human, receptive for new and possibly unsettling experiences and politically as well as ethically-existentially always on the move. This bold work demonstrates that critical theory in the Frankfurt School tradition is not merely a static repository of texts that belong to the early 20th century and only of historic interest but rather a living tradition ready to learn from other traditions, open to the future and capable of being renewed in ways that can help us address some of the great challenges of the 21st–century.
Moudrost vyžaduje úsilí
V tomto dlouho očekávaném posledním dílu série knih studující stoické ctnosti Ryan Holiday odhaluje tu, na níž závisí všechny ostatní ctnosti.
Ze všech stoických ctností – odvaha, disciplína, spravedlivost a moudrost – je moudrost tou nejvíc neuchopitelnou. To je obzvláště patrné v době, kdy jsou odměňovány reakce a prázdné řeči, zatímco zdrženlivost a rozvážnost jsou nemoderní. Velcí státníci a filozofové minulosti by se nenechali oklamat, jako my, titulky novin, vnějšími zdáními nebo primární přitažlivostí tribalismu. Věděli příliš mnoho o historii, o vlastních nedostatcích, o nutnosti spolupráce, aby toho všeho dosáhli. To je moudrost – a my ji potřebujeme víc než kdy jindy.
Moudrost je hlavním principem Ryana Holidaye a kniha Moudrost vyžaduje úsilí je vrcholem jeho celoživotního díla. Na základě fascinujících příběhů starověkých i moderních osobností Holiday ukazuje, jak rozvíjet moudrost prostřednictvím čtení, sebevzdělávání a zkušeností. Na příkladech životů Montaigne, Senecy, Joan Didion, Abrahama Lincolna a dalších nás Holiday učí, jak více naslouchat než mluvit, jak myslet s nuancemi, jak nemilosrdně zpochybňovat svá přesvědčení a jak vyvinout metodu sebevzdělávání. Přesvědčivě dokládá nutnost duševního úsilí a varuje před zkratkami, které nás připravují o skutečné poznání. Ukazuje nám, jak nebezpečné mohou být moc a inteligence bez mírnícího vlivu moudrosti.
Absence zvědavosti a rozvahy je pro nás všechny katastrofou, tvrdí Ryan Holiday. Tato neuvěřitelně aktuální kniha diagnostikuje největší problém současné doby a nabízí řešení pro další postup. Moudrost vyžaduje úsilí – ale stojí za to.
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Beginning to Live
A user's guide to the everyday challenges of living, which looks to philosophy to reframe the way we understand ourselves and our relationships
How can we find our own direction and purpose? When life feels too much, is it possible to free ourselves from the concerns that weigh us down? Whether you're in therapy or prefer to find your own way through life's struggles, pioneering therapist Emmy van Deurzen offers a lifeline for rebuilding trust in the world.
Beginning to Live is a practical invitation to step back and discover what really matters by considering each of the four key aspects of our experience in turn: physical, social, personal and spiritual.
Harnessing over fifty years' experience, this book is filled with wisdom and moving stories that show how to deal with dilemmas and difficulties of every kind, so that even when survival takes all you have, you can rekindle confidence in your own abilities and revitalize your capacity to relate to others. It is not about a quality of personality or character, which you either have or don't have, van Deurzen shows. It is about a way of being, which is available to each of us - enabling us all to find a more engaged way of living that is purposeful, deliberate and buoyant.
Your future is a work of art in progress. And it starts here.
William Blake as Natural Philosopher, 1788-1795
William Blake as Natural Philosopher, 1788-1795 takes seriously William Blake’s wish to be read as a natural philosopher, particularly in his early illuminated works, and reveals the way that poetry and visual art were for Blake an imaginative way of philosophizing. Blake’s poetry and designs reveal a consistent preoccupation with eighteenth-century natural philosophical debates concerning the properties of the physical world, the nature of the soul, and God’s relationship to the material universe. This book traces the history of these debates and examines images and ideas in Blake’s illuminated books that mark the development of the monist pantheism, which contends that every material thing is in its essence God, to the idealism of his later period, which casts the natural world as degenerate and illusory. The book argues that Blake’s philosophical thought was not as monolithic as has been previously characterized, and that pantheism is important to understanding his early works because it entails an ethics that respects the interconnected divinity of all material objects – not just humans – which in turn spurns hierarchical power structures.
Wittgenstein, Human Beings and Conversation
This book brings together David Cockburn’s best work on Wittgensteinian themes relating to ‘mind’ and ‘language’. While none of these papers is well described as ‘exegetical’, most are discussions of Wittgenstein, and all are discussions of themes central to his later work and strongly influenced by it. The papers can be roughly divided between ‘the philosophy of mind’ and ‘the philosophy of language’. They are, however, united by the idea that this standard classification of topics stands in the way of clear thinking about core issues, and, closely connected with that, united by the idea that the notion of a human being must be central to any philosophical treatment of them. Cockburn’s approach is marked by the detailed attention given to the human bodily form, and his approach to language by the central place given to the idea of conversation. The discussions are enriched by incorporating some consideration of our relation to non-human creatures. The papers are linked by an insistence on the inescapably ethical dimension of any adequate discussion of these issues. While the debt to Wittgenstein is enormous, a number of the papers involve what may be significant criticisms of him.
How Not to Be Human
Current debates in the environmental humanities, animal studies, and related fields increasingly revolve around this question: What to do with “the human”? Is the human a category worth preserving? Should it be replaced with the post-human? Should marginalized and minoritarian groups advocate for a universal humanism? What is the relationship between humanism and anthropocentrism? Is a genuinely non-anthropocentric mode of thinking and living possible for human beings? This book argues that the writings of twentieth-century poet Robinson Jeffers offer twenty-first-century readers a number of crucial insights concerning such questions and timely advice about how not to be human. For Jeffers, our tendency to turn inward on ourselves and to indulge in human narcissism is at the heart of the social, economic, and existential ills that plague modern societies. As a remedy, Jeffers recommends turning ourselves outward—beyond the self and beyond the human—and learning to affirm and even love the inhuman cosmos in all of its terrible beauty. In the process, Jeffers helps us find our way back to ourselves, but this time no longer as “human” in the traditional sense but as plain members of the inhuman world.
The Stoic Guide to a Happy Life
Learn how to survive life's hardships and enjoy its pleasures with the modern stoic mindset.
In this enlightening book, philosopher Massimo Pigliucci offers a thoughtful and modern reinterpretation of Epictetus's 53 lessons for living a good life. Drawing on the ancient wisdom of the Stoics, this is a comforting guide that will help you reclaim the power of your emotional response and let go of the things you can't control.
Don’t Burn Anyone at the Stake Today
An electrifying, thought-provoking exploration of how the digital era is reshaping our world, by bestselling, Women's Prize-winning writer Naomi Alderman
From the award-winning, bestselling author of The Power
What’s the most useful thing you could know about your own life?
In this era-defining book, developed from her groundbreaking Radio 4 essay series, Naomi Alderman turns to a question that affects us all: how do we understand, and navigate, the epoch we’re living through?
The internet has flooded us with more knowledge, opinions, ideas, opportunities, as well as verbal attacks and misinformation, than ever before. It lets us learn more quickly and also spread falsehood more quickly, it brings us together and also divides us in countless new ways. There is no going back. But we have been here before. In fact, this is humanity’s third information crisis.
The first, the invention of writing 5,000 years ago, and the second, the invention of the printing press 600 years ago, drastically reshaped our perceptions, interactions and mental landscapes in ways that feel acutely familiar. Overwhelmed by information, people become afraid and angry, unsettled and distressed, as well as more knowledgeable, educated and curious.
By looking at those previous information crises, both the turmoil and the advances, Alderman asks what we can learn from the past to better understand our present, and how this might help us chart a way forward (once again), through the turbulent seas of information overload.
You Don't Have to Have a Dream
'Life will sometimes seem long and tough. And you will sometimes be happy and sometimes sad. And then you'll be old. And then you'll be dead. There is only one sensible thing to do with this empty existence, and that is: fill it.'
A book for the romantic-realist in all of us, You Don't Have to Have a Dream offers Tim Minchin's inimitable thoughts and advice on life, art, success, kindness, love, and thriving in a meaningless universe. Drawn from three of his iconic commencement addresses, and beautifully designed with specially commissioned illustrations throughout, it's a rallying cry for creativity, critical thinking, and compassion in our daily lives.
It's never too late to put something beautiful out into the world.
Prophecy
Today’s computer scientists play the same role as the oracles of the ancient world and the astrologers of the Middle Ages. Modern predictions not only advise on war, crop output, and marriages, but algorithms and statisticians also now determine whether we can get a loan, a job, an apartment, or an organ transplant. And when we cede ground to these predictions, we lose control of our own lives. In this powerful, refreshing new look at the many ways prediction shapes our everyday lives, University of Oxford professor Carissa Véliz explains how putting too much stock in others’ predictions makes us vulnerable to charlatans, con artists, dubious technology, and self-deception. Examining a wide range of subjects both personal and societal, including medicine, climate, technology, society, and others, Véliz uncovers a number of insights: predictions about humans tend to be self-fulfilling; more data doesn’t guarantee better outcomes; AI is more likely to increase risk than decrease it; and a free and robust society requires not more prediction, but better preparation. Véliz argues in this incisive and bracingly original book that the main promise of prediction is not knowledge of the future, but rather power over others. Prophecy is an invitation to defy those orders and live life on our own terms.
What's in a Doughnut Hole?
Does a doughnut hole exist? What makes a sandwich a sandwich? Can the baker, who only bakes for those who don't bake for themselves, bake for hersel? sing food to explore classic philosophical puzzles and paradoxes about how we know things, abstract ideas about our world, language and about how we define the truth, this book will get your brain whirring and your stomach grumbling. Suki Finn, a Philosophy Lecturer at Royal Holloway, University of London, serves up plenty of philosophical food for thought - enough to whet the appetite of the novice and to satisfy philosophers hungry for a different take on familiar themes. What's in a Doughnut Hole? gives us new ways to think about the world and to understand our place in it.
Genealogie morálky
Polemický spis Genealogie morálky (1887) patří k Nietzschovým pozdním pracím. Výjimečně v něm opouští aforistickou formu a píše jej v červenci roku 1887 během pouhých tří týdnů jako své snad nejucelenější dílo. Už v předchozí knize Mimo dobro a zlo (1886), bezprostředně následující po Zarathustrovi, začíná Nietzsche pracovat na své koncepci „vůle k moci“ a zhruba v době, kdy vzniká Genealogie morálky, si Nietzsche také plně uvědomuje, že „kritika morálky“ v širším smyslu může sloužit jako způsob, jak nepřímo, ale názorně předvést, že k povaze bytí neodmyslitelně patří moc, protože k ní patří možnost změny smyslu. Zároveň si v ohlédnutí zpět uvědomuje, že z tohoto důvodu je polemika proti morálce, proti úsilí o nalezení posledního smyslu pro naše poznání i jednání, nutně tím, co spojuje různé, často velmi odlišné fáze jeho myslitelské cesty. Z tohoto hlediska je třeba číst i jeho kritiku morálky v užším slova smyslu, tj. kritiku určitého morálního ideálu.
How to Be Stoic
An inviting new translation of essential selections from Marcus Aurelius’s Meditations, distilling the timeless wisdom of one of Stoicism’s most influential worksHow do you keep calm when the world seems to be falling apart around you? When Marcus Aurelius was emperor, the Roman Empire was at the height of its power and prosperity, but it also suffered flood, famine, plague, and endless wars. He was frequently away from the capitol leading his legions in battle, and he died in an army camp. To cope with the enormous pressures he faced, Marcus Aurelius turned to the philosophy of Stoicism, writing brief passages to reflect on its ideas and strategies for putting challenges in perspective. The result was the Meditations, a profound and moving work about the human condition. Elegant, spiritual, and by turns serious and humorous, this masterpiece of Stoicism still resonates powerfully today. How to Be Stoic offers a fresh, fluid, and engaging translation of its most stirring and important passages. Gretchen Reydams-Schils, a leading authority on Roman Stoicism, has carefully chosen and skillfully translated passages that exemplify the key themes of the Meditations, from everyday irritations such as encountering difficult people to existential worries such as the fear of death. How to Be Stoic also features a substantial and authoritative introduction and the original Greek text on facing pages. The result is perhaps the most accessible edition of the Meditations available.
How to Live
A vivid new translation in which the Stoic philosopher argues that virtue is the only path to contentmentWhy are so many people unhappy when happiness can be attained by anyone who simply lives virtuously? That question prompted Seneca, the great Stoic philosopher of the early Roman empire, to write On the Happy Life, and he continued to seek answers in his Moral Epistles. In How to Live, Seneca biographer and translator James Romm presents vivid new versions of passages from both works, distilling Seneca’s passionate and inspiring argument for a path to perfect contentment, no matter what befalls us. As a Stoic, Seneca believed that only ethical virtue leads to happiness; all other goals, including wealth and success, are neutral in their effects—or, if they torment us with what we haven’t achieved, sources of unhappiness. For role models, Seneca looks to Socrates, who embodied virtue and reason, and to a hypothetical sage who is always in tune with the divine mind that governs the cosmos. Extolling these paragons with nearly messianic fervor, Seneca urges us to imitate their example. Featuring an inviting introduction and the original Latin on facing pages, How to Live captures the persuasive power of Seneca’s argument that the universe wants us to be virtuous—and happy.
How to Travel
A transporting anthology of ancient Greek and Roman travel writings that capture the thrill of exploration and discovery—from Europe to the Holy Land and Egypt to IndiaAt long last, a travel guide to the ancient world for the modern tourist—written by the ancients themselves. How to Travel gathers classic texts from Greek and Roman writers to explore what today’s readers can learn from ancient encounters with unfamiliar peoples, places, and customs. The Greek historian Herodotus (ca. 484–425 BCE) is one of the most famous travelers of antiquity. His Histories, which chronicle his and others’ encounters with foreign peoples and places, have fascinated readers for millennia, and have much to teach about the secrets of good travel. In How to Travel, Herodotus and Tacitus take us on tours of Central Asia, Egypt, and Germania, while pilgrims like Pausanias and the Christian nun Egeria guide us through Greece and the Holy Land. Readers are whisked away to India to experience the ways of forest-dwelling sages and to the far reaches of Africa. And as if Earth weren’t enough, the satirist Lucian takes us to the Moon. But this whirlwind tour of antiquity is more than a pleasure cruise. Seneca cautions travelers that, go as far as we may, we can never escape ourselves. Gratitude, Egeria says, is the traveler’s proper response for the privilege. And Homer reminds us that, ultimately, there’s no place like home. Featuring vivid new translations, an inviting introduction, and the original Greek and Latin texts on facing pages, How to Travel captures the thrill of exploration and discovery—and how new experiences, fresh vistas, and foreign cultures can change the traveler.
Dialogues of Confucius
The first complete English translation of the Dialogues, a rediscovered companion to the AnalectsLabeled a forgery and ignored for centuries, the Dialogues of Confucius was nevertheless preserved and passed down through the generations, purportedly a companion to the Analects. Recent archaeological finds and renewed analysis now suggest that the Dialogues can be accepted as authentic and that it accurately represents the thinking of Confucius on a wide array of topics. In this book, Brian Bruya and Wenwen Li offer the first complete translation of the text into English as well as a detailed introduction discussing Confucian philosophy, the history of the text, and the debates around its authenticity. This new translation shows that the Dialogues deserves a rightful place next to the Analects. In the Dialogues, as in the Analects, Confucius converses with his students and local potentates. The topics range from education to social norms to cosmology, and from cultivating individual virtues to instituting a meritocratic government.As Bruya and Li argue, the main value of the Dialogues lies in its many philosophical clarifications and elaborations. At its core, it offers a valuable resource for understanding Confucius, his interactions with his students, and his philosophy. Each chapter includes both the original Chinese text and the English translation. The introduction includes a philosophical lexicon, and a 600-entry glossary at the end of the book provides context from the time of Confucius, enabling readers to understand how Confucius viewed his place in the world.
Faidón
Poslední den svého života rozmlouval Sókrates v žaláři se svými přáteli o nesmrtelnosti duše. Při západu slunce vypil podaný jed, poslušen jsa soudu své obce, a zemřel.
V předkládaném dialogu přetvořil Platón tuto dějinnou událost ve filosofickou báseň o smrti člověka, do kterého se vtělil Logos. Když se Platón po letech zmiňuje o tomto dialogu, nazývá jej "hovorem o duši"; tehdy, když jej psal, byl mu snad především hovorem o Sókratovi, hovorem o filosofu.
Metafyzika
Jeden ze základních textů řecké filozofie. Co je vlastně skutečné? Jednotlivé, nebo obecné? Platón tvrdil, že skutečnost přísluší pouze obecným idejím a jednotlivosti jsou jen nedokonalé, z nich odvozené napodobeniny. Podle Aristotela, který s Platónem nesouhlasí, obecné není ideální a je jen v jiném světě jsoucí předobraz. Když vypovídáme o obecném, je to možné jen pomocí jednotlivostí, které existují v prostoru a v čase.
Filozofická literatúra obsahuje široký výber kníh a diel, ktoré vás zavedú do sveta myslenia, poznania a existencie. Knihy o filozofii podnecujú hlboké uvažovanie o základných otázkach ľudskej skúsenosti a prinášajú významné myšlienky a teórie od svetoznámych filozofov.
V kategórii Filozofia nájdete diela od najznámejších filozofov, ako je Platón, Aristoteles, Immanuel Kant či Friedrich Nietzsche. Ich myšlienky a teórie formovali filozofické disciplíny ako etika, metafyzika, politika a ďalšie.
Nájdete tu knihy, ktoré sa zaoberajú otázkami o podstate poznania, morálky a ľudskej existencie.
Okrem svetových autorov sa môžete tiež zoznámiť so slovenskými filozofmi, ako je Martin Heidegger a Miroslav Marcelli, ktorí prispeli k rozvoju filozofických myšlienok a teórií.
Objavte rozmanitosť prístupov a perspektív, ktoré vám pomôžu hlbšie porozumieť mysleniu, existencii a spoločnosti.
