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Metafyzika
Jeden ze základních textů řecké filozofie. Co je vlastně skutečné? Jednotlivé, nebo obecné? Platón tvrdil, že skutečnost přísluší pouze obecným idejím a jednotlivosti jsou jen nedokonalé, z nich odvozené napodobeniny. Podle Aristotela, který s Platónem nesouhlasí, obecné není ideální a je jen v jiném světě jsoucí předobraz. Když vypovídáme o obecném, je to možné jen pomocí jednotlivostí, které existují v prostoru a v čase.
How to Be a Dissident
An invigorating guide to fighting back – part philosophy, part history and part how-to guide for living with integrity in an age of authoritarian drift.
How do we push back in a world where political leaders wield fear and where social media misinforms? We need role models to show us how, and here, acclaimed writer Gal Beckerman goes looking for them.
Drawing on the stories of dissidents from around the globe and across time, from Socrates to Ai Weiwei, and Hannah Arendt to Iris Murdoch, Beckerman reveals the defining characteristics these extraordinary figures share and how they might equip anyone navigating the pressures of modern tyranny.
Structured around ten qualities – among them, Be Pessimistic, Be Funny, Be Reckless and Be Immortal – this illuminating book charts a dissident’s journey from the solitary moment of recognising the truth, through the risks of speaking it and on to the last impact they can have.
Urgent and inspiring, Beckerman shows us that dissidence is a human capacity that we can all cultivate: a refusal to betray one’s inner voice, no matter how great the forces around us. How to Be a Dissident lights the way.
Tracks in Chaos
When political action is imperative, we can be tempted to look to philosophy for guiding principles. This project, however, historically has been doomed to fail. Throughout Tracks in Chaos, philosopher Raymond Geuss examines closely the consequences of this failure. In crisp and lucid prose, he ranges over topics that include political realism, reflection in politics, universalism, solidarity, our utopian aspirations, and the role of fear in motivating censorship. Geuss ultimately paints a picture that is both rich and uncompromising, as is his conclusion: that we must learn to accept incompleteness, contingency and pluralism in our search for orientation. This is an incisive and elegant new collection of essays by one of our finest moral and political philosophers.
K filosofii naděje
Naděje je to, co činí život snesitelnější. Ovšem dokáže být i metlou lidstva, jež člověka ohlupuje a zaslepuje tváří v tvář situaci vtěleného života ve sdíleném světě. A tak lze člověka vymezit též jako animal sperans: živočich doufající. Příspěvky k filosofickým tematizacím naděje u vybraných německých a francouzských filosofů 20. století nemohou, a ani nechtějí dané téma vyčerpat. Zastoupeny jsou kapitoly diskutující téma naděje z teologické i ateistické pozice, ze stanoviska idealistického, materialistického, antropologického i existenciálního. Nešlo opominout pravděpodobně největšího klasika filosofie naděje Ernsta Blocha, jehož hlavní dílo Princip naděje zavazuje k tomu věnovat mu pozornost a představuje patrně centrální pasáž knihy, jež si předsevzala pouze přivádět k zamyšlení nad tím, co pro nás dnes ještě znamená doufat.
Rousseaus Lost Children
Paris, 1777. The philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau receives a mysterious letter from a foreign visitor, Gavin Mulvany, asking whether the great man will take walks with him. Against his better judgement, Rousseau agrees. Might this strange man, who claims to be from the 21st century, be the true friend that Rousseau has been searching for his whole life?
Paris, 2022. Gavin, a middle-aged academic, leaves his husband behind in Ireland to finish a long-delayed biography of Rousseau. While in Paris, he avoids work on his book by instead taking walks with Rousseau himself.
As they wander the crowded streets of the eighteenth-century city, Gavin and Rousseau open up about certain past actions that have come to define them. Was Rousseau justified in abandoning his children? Should Gavin be forgiven for the terrible crime he committed to protect a man he once loved?
Can talking and walking together lead both Gavin and Rousseau to finally be honest with themselves and their loved ones, and to a better understanding of what love, family, and society really mean?
Rousseau's Lost Children is a thrilling epistolary novel cast across centuries, a bold and illuminating investigation into the boundaries of personal liberty and matters of morality, desire and loyalty.
The Pocket Book of Plato
Keep the philosophies of Plato in your pocket with this handy hardback guide to Plato's key ideas, complete with helpful summaries, diagrams and illustrations.
The ancient Greek philosopher Plato is perhaps the single most important figure in the history of philosophy, who has influenced countless thinkers throughout the centuries. In this indispensable volume, author Michael Moore distils Plato's key ideas into easily accessible chunks. Great to dip into, each chapter features a famous quote from the philosopher followed by a broader discussion of his general theories. Featuring Plato's ruminations about love, politics, morality and more, The Pocket Book of Plato provides an ideal introduction to one of the world's great thinkers.
Covers:
• The allegory of the cave
• Plato's Theory of Forms
• The Delphic Oracle
• The City-Soul Analogy
This edition is presented in a stylish hardback format with colourful pages and sprayed page-edges, making a wonderful gift for curious minds.
Transformations in Critical Theory
No matter where or how we live, we face enormous challenges today: inequalities continue to deepen, democratic institutions are being attacked and undermined, the environment is being destroyed and climate change is bringing humanity to a point where its very survival as a species is at stake. What does the tradition of critical theory have to say about the great challenges confronting u? n Transformations in Critical Theory, Maeve Cooke seeks to renew and revitalize Frankfurt School critical theory in ways that will help it engage with key contemporary issues and challenges, while at the same time remaining true to its mission of identifying ways to create a better world for everyone. She seeks to foster communication between critical theory and other intellectual traditions, pushing it beyond Eurocentrism and anthropocentrism and enabling it to expand and enrich its critical methodology and emancipatory visions. She urges critical theory to look outwards, beyond the epistemological and ontological contexts of Western modernity, and to investigate possibilities for better futures opened by this outwards movement. She also urges critical theory to move beyond anthropocentrism and adopt a more ecologically attuned perspective that acknowledges the importance of human relations to other-than-human beings and the ecosystems that sustain all life. Revitalized in this way, the kind of critical theory developed by Cooke re-envisions individual freedom as ethically oriented, self-determining, self-transforming human agency, always opening outwards and towards the future. Such agency is constituted in interrelation with other-than-human entities, attentive to others, human and other-than-human, receptive for new and possibly unsettling experiences and politically as well as ethically-existentially always on the move. This bold work demonstrates that critical theory in the Frankfurt School tradition is not merely a static repository of texts that belong to the early 20th century and only of historic interest but rather a living tradition ready to learn from other traditions, open to the future and capable of being renewed in ways that can help us address some of the great challenges of the 21st–century.
Szent Benedek válaszútján
"A kereszténység az egész nyugati világban válságban van: saját eltűnésének kockázatával kell szembenéznie.
Épp e szembenézéshez jelent aligha nélkülözhető segítséget Dreher könyve. Szerzője olyan ortodox keresztény, aki személyesen járta meg a megtérés útját. Hiteles hangon képes szólni. Nem vizet prédikál, miközben bort iszik. Könyve részben éppenséggel saját útjáról, saját fölfedezéseiről szóló személyes vallomás.
Dreher nem hallgatja el saját bűneit, vakságát és gyöngeségét sem. Ugyanakkor megszólaltat más, hiteles kortárs hangokat - jelesül a norciai bencés szerzeteseket, valamint amerikai vagy olaszországi keresztényeket. A szerző jól ismeri a Bibliát, Szent Benedek Reguláját, az egyháztörténetet, a teológia és filozófia történetét, valamint a társadalomtörténetet, ugyanakkor képes e szálakból meggyőző érvelést szőni.
Közvetlen, legtöbbször könnyen érthető stílusa megközelíthetővé és olvasmányossá teszi könyvét."
Bakos Gergely OSB, a kötet fordítója
Christopher Bruell
Brings together the most remarkable essays on classical and modern philosophy by noted political philosopher Christopher Bruell. Christopher Bruell (1942–2024) was one of the great modern interpreters of classical and modern political philosophy. This volume includes almost all the essays, lectures, and book chapters that he published during a remarkable scholarly career that spanned more than four decades. Five of these writings focus on Leo Strauss, with whom Bruell studied as a young man. But the scope of the collection extends beyond Bruell's work on Strauss. The essays take up a wide range of topics, including liberal education, the problem of relativism, the American Founding, the nature of citizenship, and the question of happiness. Above all, the collection focuses on the recovery of classical political philosophy and includes pathbreaking essays on Thucydides, Plato, Xenophon, and Aristotle. Also included in this volume are three previously unpublished essays.
An Introduction to Collective Intentionality
An Introduction to Collective Intentionality: In Action, Thought, and Society makes a cogent case for the field's importance, presents its central questions, and introduces the main topics of study. Authors Marija Jankovic and Kirk Ludwig masterfully demonstrate why understanding collective intentions is essential for understanding social dynamics, from everyday cooperation to complex institutional structures. Through clear, accessible prose, readers work through the central questions that define the discipline: How do groups form shared intentions? What distinguishes collective action from parallel individual behaviors? How do social institutions emerge from collective intentionality? While presenting their individualist position, the authors provide a balanced exploration of competing perspectives, ensuring readers gain a comprehensive understanding of ongoing debates and future research directions. Each theoretical concept is grounded in examples that illuminate the practical implications of collective intentionality in our daily lives. Chapter summaries reinforce key concepts, while carefully curated further reading lists promote further exploration of collective intentionality. This book is perfect for students and scholars in philosophy, sociology, psychology, and anyone fascinated by the foundations of social reality.
Stupid Idiots
This witty yet thoughtful book examines stupidity and idiocy, and their most dangerous incarnation: stupid idiocy – the unthinking embrace of flawed thinking. While philosophers chase wisdom, this book takes a humbler route, asking instead how we might think just a little less badly. Drawing sharp distinctions between not thinking and thinking poorly, and doubling down on bad thought, it reveals how deeply these failings are tied to our mental habits. With clarity and humour, it considers how stupidity shapes everyday life and public discourse. Within its pages is a chapter on politics and a pointed critique of Donald Trump, ‘stupid idiot supreme’. This is an accessible philosophical guide for anyone who wants to better understand – and perhaps reduce – their own foolishness.
Aristotle's Political Terminology
Comprehensive examination of the different senses in which Aristotle uses a group of the most important expressions in his political writings, with the aim of making possible a firmer understanding of his positions. Aristotle's Political Terminology offers a fresh approach to Aristotle's political thought by examining the language he uses in a more complete way than was possible before the appearance of the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae. It allows the reader to see clearly the difficulty scholars have had in commenting on and translating Aristotle's political works, which often ends in sharp differences among scholars who approach Aristotle with differing prior philosophical, political, historical, or ideological commitments. The book addresses eleven words and cognates or phrases that are fundamental to understanding Aristotle's text, many of them related to one another. They include the Greek expressions often translated, and sometimes mistranslated, by nature, property, constitution, and ideal. Helpful in teaching both undergraduate and graduate students, this work gives examples of Aristotle's uses of an expression in a defined universe, as in the case of the 522 occurrences in the Politics alone of the word often rendered by constitution, to give a flavor for how Aristotle might be read to avoid misimpressions. These examples sometimes are accompanied by tabular worksheets so that readers may check the author's work more easily. Further, the pages use transliteration in the main text, with a few mandatory exceptions, as in quoted titles of articles, so that readers whose Greek is not strong can follow the argument; the Greek text is provided in footnotes.
On What Matters
On What Matters is a major work in moral philosophy. It is the long-awaited follow-up to Derek Parfit''s 1984 book Reasons and Persons, one of the landmarks of twentieth-century philosophy. Parfit now presents a powerful new treatment of reasons, rationality, and normativity, and a critical examination of three systematic moral theories - Kant''s ethics, contractualism, and consequentialism - leading to his own ground-breaking synthetic conclusion. Along the way he discusses a wide range of moral issues, such as the significance of consent, treating people as a means rather than an end, and free will and responsibility. On What Matters is already the most-discussed work in moral philosophy: its publication is likely to establish it as a modern classic which everyone working on moral philosophy will have to read, and which many others will turn to for stimulation and illumination.
Universal Tyranny
Elucidates the shared insight into the critique of tyrannical rule among Plato, Xenophon, and Aristotle. Universal Tyranny offers the first comprehensive interpretation of the critique of tyranny in the thought of Socrates's greatest students: Plato, Aristotle, and Xenophon. The Socratics are the only thinkers to confront the problem of tyranny on its own terms, as a permanent and plausibly attractive option in politics. They explore what people find attractive in tyrannical power and elucidate the core psychological features of tyrannical ambition: pleasure in violence toward enemies, hostility to the rule of law, a desire for love and admiration, and a rejection of any limit to the fulfillment of one's desires. In their view, these characteristics are not the result of anomalous sadism but of misguided and unhealthy versions of attributes that otherwise play an important role in human flourishing. Through a synthetic study of the early Socratic school, author Avery Williams argues that tyrannical rule debases not only the tyrant's subject but the tyrant himself, making true human excellence impossible. Tyranny thus fails at the fundamental aim of politics: It makes neither ruler nor ruled happy.
Derrida and Prosthetic Usage; or, How to Return to Cinder
Explores in both theory and practice the deconstructive demand to never let traces die. At a time when technological advancements, especially LLMs, have all of us wondering about the future of reading and writing, Derrida and Prosthetic Usage; or, How to Return to Cinder studies deconstruction as an ethical injunction to read and write on every technological surface one can find or create. To study this general theory of deconstruction, and Derrida's powerful demand that we "never let the dead bury the dead," this book works in tandem with the website Return to Cinder, an enormous concordance of notes on Derrida taken by author Jake Reeder. Less media studies and more a reading of philosophy and thought in general, Reeder claims that all thought, speech, and writing are forms of re-marking, and that imbedded in the condensation of every re-mark is the demand to create new technological formats. Thus, returning to cinder is both a call for more technological innovation in the humanities and a call to leave more traces.
The Rise and Fall of Rational Control
A renowned scholar traces the evolution of modern political philosophy. The Rise and Fall of Rational Control is a bold interpretation of centuries of intellectual revolutions. Based on Harvey C. Mansfield’s legendary Harvard course, taught for decades to rapt classrooms, this volume is both a grand work of ideas and an elucidating reflection on liberalism, its eclipse, and the possibility of renewal. Mansfield locates the birth of modern political philosophy in the work of Niccolo Machiavelli, the first to assert that the objective of politics is not to achieve wishful ideals of justice or virtue—as the ancients had it—but to manipulate the brute facts of the world in service of interests. Here rational control, free from the order of gods or God, is the key to achieving the modern order, which can liberate humans from slavery and conflict. Hobbes and Locke later develop Machiavelli’s modern idea, laying foundations for liberalism. Then comes the first crisis in the form of Rousseau, who introduces historical change into the very idea of reason, which itself is said to evolve. After Rousseau, history takes center stage, as witnessed in Kant, Marx, and Hegel. The second crisis of modernity arrives with Nietzsche, who casts doubt on reason itself. Ever since, political thought has been stranded in the desert of postmodernism, where Machiavelli’s necessities are replaced by faded subjectivity. Tracing the rise and fall of rational control, Mansfield asks where we go from here. Can we progress beyond our unease with what is modern, or should we aim to return somehow to what came before?
Plato's Crito
Many people read the Crito primarily as a companion piece to the Apology and as one of Plato's statements on the nature of politics and the citizen's relationship to the state. This book challenges both of those assumptions and shows, by close analysis of the characters, the argument and the dramatic features of the dialogue, that it is best read as an exploration of the nature and significance of Socratic moral reasoning. It shows that there is a single argument throughout the dialogue and that the 'Laws of Athens' are best understood as supporting Socrates' attempt to convince Crito that a commitment to the currently best rational argument justifies his submission to the death penalty, despite the injustice of his sentence. The importance of the Crito for later political and legal theory is great, but the reception of the dialogue should not blind us to its original intention and significance.
dostupné aj ako:
Doing Good
Doing Good is a bold call for a new social contract in a world buckling under the weight of multiple crises – geopolitical tension, ecological collapse, technological disruption, growing inequality, and the slow erosion of liberal democracy. The promises of modernity, once rooted in the convergence of technoscientific progress and liberal capitalism, have failed to deliver widespread peace and prosperity. Instead, we face an uncertain future that demands radical rethinking. Markus Gabriel offers a daring yet pragmatic vision: a New Enlightenment that fuses ethical insight with market forces. We don't need to abandon capitalism, but we need a revolution within capitalism itself: ethical capitalism. This is a form of capitalism that does not merely accommodate morality but thrives on it – generating profit by doing good. Rejecting the temptation to vilify capitalism, Gabriel reframes it as a system ripe for moral evolution. Doing business is not exempt from ethical responsibility. Ethical business is not only more just: it is economically smarter too. Businesses that solve real problems, respect planetary boundaries, and promote human flourishing are better positioned for long-term success than those that pursue short-term gain through exploitation or extraction. Ethical capitalism is not a utopian fantasy: it is a realistic, actionable path that rejects authoritarian alternatives while advancing a richer conception of freedom. Gabriel thus opens the way to a new eco-social liberalism, one grounded in what we actually know about ourselves as prosocial, value-producing animals. Doing Good is both a warning and a manifesto for those determined to steer humanity toward a future worth inheriting.
Maurice Blanchot
Investigates permutations of the terror to examine the complex political and intellectual transformation of literary theorist and novelist Maurice Blanchot between 1933 and 1949. Between 1933 and 1949 Maurice Blanchot's writings underwent a rather infamous political and critical transformation. Its overarching trope is the terror, which features prominently in his work in 1936, 1941, and 1947. The terror is a reflexive discourse about whether language is bound to reality, and so forceful, or merely a series of empty signs. Marty Hiatt provides an in-depth study of Blanchot's political and critical writings from this period, elaborating his various reckonings with the terror so as to demonstrate the categorical nature of his intellectual shift. Blanchot first calls for an insurrection that would violently expurgate the foreign and execute a Jewish prime minister in order to save France. After the Fall of France, he develops an account of how terror and rhetoric dialectically constitute literature as world construction and world destruction. In his first postwar encounter with Hegel, he links this conception back to history by arguing that it corresponds to revolution. He also doubles the dialectical account of revolutionary history through an account of poetic language that makes contact with an unknowable substrate of existence, resulting in a kind of absolute ambiguity, and seeks to explore and inhabit a form of negativity beyond revolution.
Filozofická literatúra obsahuje široký výber kníh a diel, ktoré vás zavedú do sveta myslenia, poznania a existencie. Knihy o filozofii podnecujú hlboké uvažovanie o základných otázkach ľudskej skúsenosti a prinášajú významné myšlienky a teórie od svetoznámych filozofov.
V kategórii Filozofia nájdete diela od najznámejších filozofov, ako je Platón, Aristoteles, Immanuel Kant či Friedrich Nietzsche. Ich myšlienky a teórie formovali filozofické disciplíny ako etika, metafyzika, politika a ďalšie.
Nájdete tu knihy, ktoré sa zaoberajú otázkami o podstate poznania, morálky a ľudskej existencie.
Okrem svetových autorov sa môžete tiež zoznámiť so slovenskými filozofmi, ako je Martin Heidegger a Miroslav Marcelli, ktorí prispeli k rozvoju filozofických myšlienok a teórií.
Objavte rozmanitosť prístupov a perspektív, ktoré vám pomôžu hlbšie porozumieť mysleniu, existencii a spoločnosti.
