Najnovšie - Filozofia strana 11 z 137
zobraziť:
Better Never to Have Been
Most people believe that they were either benefited or at least not harmed by being brought into existence. Thus, if they ever do reflect on whether they should bring others into existence---rather than having children without even thinking about whether they should---they presume that they do them no harm. Better Never to Have Been challenges these assumptions. David Benatar argues that coming into existence is always a serious harm. Although the good things in one''s life make one''s life go better than it otherwise would have gone, one could not have been deprived by their absence if one had not existed. Those who never exist cannot be deprived. However, by coming into existence one does suffer quite serious harms that could not have befallen one had one not come into existence. Drawing on the relevant psychological literature, the author shows that there are a number of well-documented features of human psychology that explain why people systematically overestimate the quality of their lives and why they are thus resistant to the suggestion that they were seriously harmed by being brought into existence. The author then argues for the ''anti-natal'' view---that it is always wrong to have children---and he shows that combining the anti-natal view with common pro-choice views about foetal moral status yield a ''pro-death'' view about abortion (at the earlier stages of gestation). Anti-natalism also implies that it would be better if humanity became extinct. Although counter-intuitive for many, that implication is defended, not least by showing that it solves many conundrums of moral theory about population.
The Problems of Philosophy
''Is there any knowledge in the world which is so certain that no reasonable man could doubt it?''Philosophy is the attempt to answer such ultimate questions, not carelessly and dogmatically, as we might deal with them in ordinary life, but critically, after analysing how and why the questions arise and clarifying the assumptions and concepts on which they are based.This classic work, first published in 1912, has never been supplanted as an approachable introduction to the theory of philosophical enquiry. It gives Russell''s views on such subjects as the distinction between appearance and reality, the existence and nature of matter, idealism, knowledge by acquaintance and by description, induction, and the limits and value of philosophical knowledge.This edition includes an introduction by John Skorupski contextualizing Russell''s work, and a guide to further reading.
Reading the Analects Today
One of China's most prominent contemporary philosophers reads and comments on one of the central texts in the Chinese philosophical tradition. In this book, one of contemporary China's most prominent philosophers, Li Zehou, explores one of the central texts in the Chinese philosophical tradition, the Analects of Confucius. While the book provides an introduction to the Analects itself and to Confucianism in general, it also serves as an introduction to Li's own thought, particularly the ways in which he regarded the Confucian tradition as relevant to postrevolutionary contemporary China. Key topics include the role of Confucianism in the Chinese tradition and in contemporary China; Confucianism's quasi-religious, quasi-philosophical character; Li's views on emotion, morality, and fate in Confucianism; and his call for a separation of public social morality from private religious morality in modern China. Translated here by Maija Bell Samei, Reading the "Analects" Today is among the most accessible of Li Zehou's works and will be of interest not only to philosophers but to scholars and students of both modern and traditional Chinese intellectual, social, and religious history.
The Great Detour
An in-depth and unique take on Martin Heidegger's understanding of animality, showing that the question of the animal was central to Heidegger's philosophical project from beginning to end. The Great Detour offers an in-depth and unique take on Martin Heidegger's understanding of animality, showing that the question the animal's nature in comparison to the human was central to Heidegger's philosophical project from beginning to end. More importantly, by engaging certain key texts from across his corpus, including some of the Black Notebooks, author S. Montgomery Ewegen shows that Heidegger's understanding of animality is much more nuanced than has typically been presented. Whereas most scholars have argued that Heidegger held a somewhat dismissive and ill-informed view of animals (as "world-poor," as lacking language, etc.), Ewegen argues that animals for Heidegger hold an inestimable value, serving as one of the primary ways through which the human is able to become aware of its own being and, indeed, Being itself. In short, the question of the animal was, for Heidegger, indissolubly connected with the question of the human being's relation to Being, the latter of which serves as the focal point of Heidegger's philosophy.
Techno-Ecologies of Bill Viola and Gilbert Simondon
Both Viola and Simondon prioritise a techno-aesthetic experience that reveals a consistent pattern of interdependence between form and matter, nature and culture, human and nonhuman. Inspired by Simondon’s ideas on individuation as process, and by other major figures of process philosophy such as Raymond Ruyer, Deleuze and Guattari, and Brian Massumi, Elena del Río delves deep into Viola’s art and finds a politics of nature that is also a politics of the affects. In taking full account of the interrelation between collective affects and living milieus, this politics exceeds the still anthropocentric project of a politics reductively focused on environmental degradation. The book works with a broad concept of ecology that encompasses a nature-culture continuum - from Simondon’s associated milieu to Guattari’s tripartite ecological praxis, from Deleuze and Guattari’s existential territories to Massumi’s affective events. Attending to this nature-culture continuum and activating our collective energies are prime strategies in tackling the overwhelming psycho-social and environmental crises we face.
Nietzsche's Wisdom Book & Card Deck
"Freedom is the will to be responsible for ourselves" - Nietzsche, The Twilight of the Idols
This handy book and card kit distills the lessons from master philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche, highlighting his words of wisdom to enable the reader to digest his ideas in an accessible way.
Philosopher and scholar, Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) had his legacy wilfully abused by his ultranationalist sister, Elisabeth. Thankfully his writings have been restored to their original intent and show a level of perceptivity that places him in the ranks of world class thinkers.
Informed by his work as a classical scholar, the writings presented here show Nietzschean thought on morality and ways of being in the world. This beautifully presented card and book set will make for an excellent introduction to Nietzsche and his philosophical thoughts.
ABOUT THE SERIES: Arcturus Inspiration Kits contain full-colour guides to a mode of wisdom, accompanied by beautiful quote cards and a display stand to rest them upon, all enclosed in a giftable lidded box.
Being and Appearance
Being and Appearance: The Aporia of Husserlian Phenomenology sets out to take phenomenology at its word, with a phenomenological examination of Husserlian phenomenology. More precisely, it's a question of determining what properly shows itself with the transcendent thing, and in what way. This investigation reveals that absence is what properly shows itself with the being of what is given; this is not only with regard to the transcendent thing, but also with regard to consciousness itself as an object for itself. This investigation also reveals that it is illusion that is the specific mode of phenomenality of the transcendent thing, to which being is conferred only because it has the appearance of being real. In the final analysis, it appears that Husserlian phenomenology is torn between two criteria of being: being as pure presence, given as an absolute, and being as the objectivity of the object, i.e. absence. The aporia of Husserlian phenomenology lies in the impossibility of deciding between these two criteria of being.
Why? The Purpose of the Universe
Why are we here? What''s the point of existence? On the ''big questions'' of meaning and purpose, Western thought has been dominated by the dichotomy of traditional religion and secular atheism. In this pioneering work, Philip Goff argues that it is time to move on from both God and atheism. Through an exploration of contemporary cosmology and cutting-edge philosophical research on consciousness, Goff argues for cosmic purpose: the idea that the universe is directed towards certain goals, such as the emergence of life.In contrast to religious thinkers, Goff argues that the traditional God is a bad explanation of cosmic purpose. Instead, he explores a range of alternative possibilities for accounting for cosmic purpose, from the speculation that we live in a computer simulation to the hypothesis that the universe itself is a conscious mind. Goff scrutinizes these options with analytical rigour, laying the foundations for a new paradigm of philosophical enquiry into the middle ground between God and atheism. Ultimately, Goff outlines a way of living in hope that cosmic purpose is still unfolding, involving political engagement and a non-literalist interpretation of traditional religion.
Conversations on Consciousness
Conversations on Consciousness is just that - a series of twenty lively and challenging conversations between Sue Blackmore and some of the world''s leading philosophers and scientists. Written in a colloquial and engaging style the book records the conversations Sue had when she met these influential thinkers, whether at conferences in Arizona or Antwerp, or in their labs or homes in Oxford or San Diego. The conversations bring out their very different personalities and styles and reveal a wealth of fascinating detail about their theories and beliefs. Why is consciousness such a special and difficult issue for twenty-first century science? Sue, herself a researcher into this controversial and difficult topic, begins by asking each of her colleagues this simple question and is immediately plunged into the depths of the debate: How do the subjective experiences we call consciousness arise from the physical brain? Is this even the right question to ask? Can zombies - people who behave outwardly just like others but have no inner mental life - exist? What can dreams tell us about consciousness? Should we all be learning to meditate? Do we have free will, and if not is it possible to live without it? With an introduction setting out the broad structure of the debate on consciousness, and an extensive glossary, this book provides an engaging and accessible account of the most challenging problem of all, through the words of some of the leading figures involved in seeking to solve it.
Kumrán
Fragmenty přibližně tisíce hebrejských, aramejských a řeckých rukopisů, objevené v jeskyních poblíž osady Chirbet Kumrán, jsou jedním z nejpozoruhodnějších objevů 20. století. Reinhard Kratz nám na jejich základě dává nahlédnout do života a představ kumránské komunity. Žili lidé v Kumránu jakýmsi klášterním životem, nebo se setkáváme s tajemnou sektou či spisovatelskou dílnou? Zavítal sem Jan Křtitel nebo Ježíš?
dostupné aj ako:
A New History of Western Philosophy
This book is no less than a guide to the whole of Western philosophy--the ideas that have undergirded our civilization for two-and-a-half thousand years. Anthony Kenny tells the story of philosophy from ancient Greece through the Middle Ages and the Enlightenment into the modern world. He introduces us to the great thinkers and their ideas, starting with Plato, Aristotle, and the other founders of Western thought. In the second part of the book he takes us through a thousand years of medieval philosophy, and shows us the rich intellectual legacy of Christian thinkers like Augustine, Aquinas, and Ockham. Moving into the early modern period, we explore the great works of Descartes, Hobbes, Locke, Leibniz, Spinoza, Hume, and Kant, which remain essential reading today. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Hegel, Mill, Nietzsche, Freud, and Wittgenstein again transformed the way we see the world. Running though the book are certain themes which have been constant concerns of philosophy since its early beginnings: the fundamental questions of what exists and how we can know about it; the nature of humanity, the mind, truth, and meaning; the place of God in the universe; how we should live and how society should be ordered. Anthony Kenny traces the development of these themes through the centuries: we see how the questions asked and answers offered by the great philosophers of the past remain vividly alive today. Anyone interested in ideas and their history will find this a fascinating and stimulating read.
Člověk, moc a spravedlnost, 2. vydání
V roce 1971 se odehrála televizní diskuse mezi dvěma významnými kritickými mysliteli, ling¬¬¬¬¬vistou Noamem Chomským a filozofem Michelem Foucaultem. Oba autoři zde diskutovali o lidské přirozenosti, ale také o svých politických vizích a dění spojeném s bouřlivým přelomem šedesátých a sedmdesátých let, zejména s hnutím proti válce ve Vietnamu. Jejich dialog místy přechází z respektující výměny argumentů v zásadní rozepři. Komentáře k poznatelnosti člověka a jeho tvořivosti, k politickým vizím alternativ vůči kapitalismu i k možnostem a mezím občanské neposlušnosti a sociálních hnutí jsou i přes časovou vzdálenost stále aktuální.
Druhé české vydání doplňují doslovy Pavla Barši a Ondřeje Slačálka.
Unbecoming Persons
A damning genealogy of modern personhood and a bold vision for a new ethics rooted in belonging rather than individuality. In the face of ecological crisis, economic injustice, and political violence, the moral demands of being a good person are almost too much to bear. In Unbecoming Persons, Ladelle McWhorter argues that this strain is by design. Our ideas about personhood, she shows, emerged to sustain centuries of colonialism, slavery, and environmental destruction. We must look elsewhere to find our way out. This history raises a hard question: Should we be persons at all, or might we live a good life without the constraints of individualism or the illusion of autonomy? In seeking an answer, McWhorter pushes back on the notion of our own personhood—our obsession with identity, self-improvement, and salvation—in search of a better way to live together in this world. Although she finds no easy answers, McWhorter ultimately proposes a new ethics that rejects both self-interest and self-sacrifice and embraces perpetual dependence, community, and the Earth
How to Be Grateful
A delightful Aztec work that has much to teach us about the value of giving thanks—to our contemporaries, our elders, and our ancestorsCenturies before anyone ever thought of keeping a gratitude journal, the Aztecs understood the profound value of being grateful. For generations, specially trained Aztec public speakers presented traditional dialogues at marriages, births, funerals, government ceremonies, and other important occasions. In these dialogues, people of different generations are imagined speaking to each other with mutual respect and gratitude across time, encouraging listeners to be grateful to their contemporaries, elders, and ancestors, as well as the divine, and reminding the living what they owe to future generations. In the late 1500s, one of these Aztec speakers, Pablo of Texcoco, recorded a collection of these dialogues, now known as the Bancroft Dialogues. In How to Be Grateful, Nahuatl- or Aztec-language specialist Frances Karttunen and Camilla Townsend, Cundhill History Prize–winning author of Fifth Sun: A New History of the Aztecs, present this fascinating work in an accessible translation that also features the original Nahuatl text on facing pages. Although Pablo lived under Spanish rule, his parents, grandparents, and elderly teachers recalled the world before the Europeans arrived, and his dialogues, which delight in colorful metaphors and wry humor, offer remarkable insights into preconquest Aztec society, philosophy, and language. Pablo’s dialogues tell readers they will be loved and honored today and by future generations if they repay those who have helped them—the living, the dead, and the divine. The living should pay these debts by helping their people and ensuring their future—by “paying it forward” as we say today.
Wonderstruck
A philosopher explores the transformative role of wonder and awe in an uncertain worldWonder and awe lie at the heart of life’s most profound questions. Wonderstruck shows how these emotions respond to our fundamental need to make sense of ourselves and everything around us, and how they enable us to engage with the world as if we are experiencing it for the first time. Drawing on the latest psychological insights on emotions, Helen De Cruz argues that wonder and awe are emotional drives that motivate us to inquire and discover new things, and that humanity has deliberately nurtured these emotions in cultural domains such as religion, science, and magic. Tracing how wonder and awe unify philosophy, the humanities, and the sciences, De Cruz provides new perspectives on figures such as Plato, Aristotle, Adam Smith, William James, Rachel Carson, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Abraham Heschel. Along the way, she explains how these singular emotions empower us to be open-minded, to experience joy and hope, and to be resilient in the face of personal troubles and global challenges. Taking inspiration from Descartes’s portrayal of wonder as “that sudden surprise of the soul,” this illuminating book reveals how wonder and awe are catalysts that can help us reclaim what makes life worth living and preserve the things we find wonderful and valuable in our lives.
K filosofii naděje
Naděje je to, co činí život snesitelnější. Ovšem dokáže být i metlou lidstva, jež člověka ohlupuje a zaslepuje tváří v tvář situaci vtěleného života ve sdíleném světě. A tak lze člověka vymezit též jako animal sperans: živočich doufající. Příspěvky k filosofickým tematizacím naděje u vybraných německých a francouzských filosofů 20. století nemohou, a ani nechtějí dané téma vyčerpat. Zastoupeny jsou kapitoly diskutující téma naděje z teologické i ateistické pozice, ze stanoviska idealistického, materialistického, antropologického i existenciálního. Nešlo opominout pravděpodobně největšího klasika filosofie naděje Ernsta Blocha, jehož hlavní dílo Princip naděje zavazuje k tomu věnovat mu pozornost a představuje patrně centrální pasáž knihy, jež si předsevzala pouze přivádět k zamyšlení nad tím, co pro nás dnes ještě znamená doufat.
How to Feel
A new translation of the Buddha’s teachings on mindfulness—and how it can help us to be less controlled by our emotionsTo feel is to suffer. But do we have to suffer as much as we do? Twenty-five hundred years ago, the Buddha discovered that practices of mindfully observing our feelings and emotions can help us gain some distance from them. In How to Feel, Maria Heim provides new translations of essential early Buddhist teachings on mindfulness meditation and connects them to recent findings in psychology and neuroscience. A superb meditation manual and insightful exploration of psychology, the book also provides a brief introduction to Buddhism and features the original Pali-language texts on facing pages. Drawing from the Samyutta Nikaya, an early canonical collection, How to Feel introduces Buddhist practices of mindfulness. Using them, we can watch feelings come and go like winds passing through the sky. We can observe what causes our negative emotions and learn to shift our attention to other things. We can see where emotions lead us and learn to redirect them. We will still feel, but, with practice, emotions will have less control over us. Just as they did in ancient India, the teachings in How to Feel offer today’s readers radically new and more enlightened ways to experience emotions.
A Philosophy of Beauty
An engaging account of how Shaftesbury revolutionized Western philosophyAt the turn of the eighteenth century, Anthony Ashley Cooper, the third Earl of Shaftesbury (1671–1713), developed the first comprehensive philosophy of beauty to be written in English. It revolutionized Western philosophy. In A Philosophy of Beauty, Michael Gill presents an engaging account of how Shaftesbury’s thought profoundly shaped modern ideas of nature, religion, morality, and art—and why, despite its long neglect, it remains compelling today. Before Shaftesbury’s magnum opus, Charactersticks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711), it was common to see wilderness as ugly, to associate religion with fear and morality with unpleasant restriction, and to dismiss art as trivial or even corrupting. But Shaftesbury argued that nature, religion, virtue, and art can all be truly beautiful, and that cherishing and cultivating beauty is what makes life worth living. And, as Gill shows, this view had a huge impact on the development of natural religion, moral sense theory, aesthetics, and environmentalism. Combining captivating historical details and flashes of humor, A Philosophy of Beauty not only rediscovers and illuminates a fascinating philosopher but also offers an inspiring reflection about the role beauty can play in our lives.
Niternost a existence
Kniha mapuje celek Kierkegaardova myšlení. Především se zevrubně probírají tři stadia lidské existence – estetické, etické a náboženské. Člověk může přecházet z nižšího stadia k vyššímu stadiu, nebo spočinout ve stadiu nižším. Dále se probírají základní pojmy Kierkegaardova myšlení, zejména pojmy niternosti, existence, pravdy, svobody, úzkosti, opakování. Skrze tyto pojmy lze uchopit celek myslitelova díla. Kierkegaard vskutku rozvrhl cestu k existenciálnímu myšení. V knize je ukázána i spjatost tohoto myšlení s vlastní myslitelovou existencí. Cílem je hledání skutečného jedince, realizované existence pokoušející se žít v pravdě. Namísto Hegelovy dialektiky světových dějin Kierkegaard klade důraz na niternost člověka otevírajícího se opravdové víře. Na své cestě životem člověk dosahuje svého cíle, z nicoty svého zoufalství se zvedá k vrcholům života.
Filozofická literatúra obsahuje široký výber kníh a diel, ktoré vás zavedú do sveta myslenia, poznania a existencie. Knihy o filozofii podnecujú hlboké uvažovanie o základných otázkach ľudskej skúsenosti a prinášajú významné myšlienky a teórie od svetoznámych filozofov.
V kategórii Filozofia nájdete diela od najznámejších filozofov, ako je Platón, Aristoteles, Immanuel Kant či Friedrich Nietzsche. Ich myšlienky a teórie formovali filozofické disciplíny ako etika, metafyzika, politika a ďalšie.
Nájdete tu knihy, ktoré sa zaoberajú otázkami o podstate poznania, morálky a ľudskej existencie.
Okrem svetových autorov sa môžete tiež zoznámiť so slovenskými filozofmi, ako je Martin Heidegger a Miroslav Marcelli, ktorí prispeli k rozvoju filozofických myšlienok a teórií.
Objavte rozmanitosť prístupov a perspektív, ktoré vám pomôžu hlbšie porozumieť mysleniu, existencii a spoločnosti.
