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Utopia
THE TRANSFORMATION OF UTOPIA IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, FROM A ROMANTIC IDEAL TO A POLITICAL OBJECTIVE
Until the Age of Enlightenment, utopia was a popular literary genre, but without concrete political effects. However, in the decades leading up to 1789, its status gradually changed from an entertaining thought experiment to a socialist project. Imagining the ideal city took on the task of articulating revolutionary transformation of society towards equality and social justice.
In Utopia, Stéphanie Roza explores the nascent ideal of a community of property and labour, not yet called communism, and the thinkers who engaged with it in the lead-up to the French Revolution. These philosophers included Étienne-Gabriel Morelly, a fierce critic of private property and the mysterious author of the Code de la Nature; the Abbé de Mably, a radical republican and interlocutor of Rousseau; and Gracchus Babeuf, who, from the 1780s onwards, defended the natural right to subsistence and dreamed of a more fraternal world.
Together, they laid the foundations for modern socialist movements. In the crucible of the French Revolution, ‘real equality’ became the goal of a handful of conspirators gathered around Babeuf, who had meanwhile become the ‘tribune of the people’. The Conspiracy of Equals was considered by Marx to be ‘the first active communist party’: the hopes and questions that ran through the group prefigured those of the militants of later periods, including today.
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Jednorozměrný člověk
Marcuse ve své slavné knize z roku 1964 podrobuje kritice kapitalismus, ale zároveň odmítá socialistické režimy v tehdejší východní Evropě. Moderní industriální společnost se podle autora sice zaštiťuje racionalistou, ale ve skutečnosti je silně iracionální. Úspěšně ovládla přírodu, ale i jejího tvůrce – člověka. Je totalitní, protože lidem prostřednictvím techniky nediktuje pouze potřeby společenské, ale i jejich individuální přání a činí si na ně nárok také v jejich volném čase. Svoboda (např. svobodná volba ve výběru zboží a služeb) se stává nástrojem ovládání. Rozvinutá industriální společnost je podle autora daleko ideologičtější než její předchůdkyně, protože ideologie se přesunula do samotného výrobního procesu, lidé začínají být produkty, reklama se stává žádaným životním stylem. Kapitalisté přejímají roli byrokratů, dělnická třída je integrovaná do nesvobodné společnosti. Pojmy jsou redukovány na souhrn operací a operacionalistické hypotézy se neustálým opakováním v masových médiích mění na definice. Nerozumné se rovná neoperacionalizovatelné. Vzniká jednorozměrné chování a myšlení.
Cestou ven je návrat k dvojrozměrnosti – rozpornosti, která je nutně obsažena ve filozofickém myšlení. To se musí stát negativním v tom smyslu, že upozorňuje na to, co není bezprostředně přítomno, a zpochybnit společnost i sebe samé. Touto cestou může dojít k osvobození individuality a původcem změny se mohou stát zejména menšiny, outsideři a radikální intelektuálové.
If You Have Never Thought Gray
“You’re not a painter if you haven’t painted gray”, declared Paul Cézanne. The same could be said of philosophers: you’re not a philosopher if you have never thought gray. This simple four-letter word signifies much more than a quasi-neutral color lying between black and white: we use the same word to describe moods, November skies, the hair of the elderly, the withered features of faces, dusty shelves, faceless bureaucracies, dreary politicians and hundreds of other things. This plain, unassuming word conceals a multitude of thoughts that we seldom pause to consider. In this exceptionally original book, Peter Sloterdijk follows the grey thread through the history of philosophy, art, literature and politics, enabling us to see familiar things in new ways and highlighting features of our lives that would otherwise remain unseen. Beginning with Plato’s allegory of the cave which introduced the concept of gray into thought, Sloterdijk unfolds a chiaroscuro narrative which recognizes the power of grey as a metaphor for the indefinite, the indifferent, the ordinary, the intermediate and the neutralizing. We see the invention of photography and monochrome’s journey through modern art – from Malevich’s Black Square to Richter’s grey panel paintings – in a new light, and we see modern states and modern politics as full of grey zones, from the hidden spheres of the security services to the extraterritorial spaces that harbor illegal activities like money laundering and the drug trade. A work of brilliance by one of the most creative philosophers writing today, If You Have Never Thought Gray will appeal to a wide readership interested in philosophy, art and politics, and to students and academics in philosophy, visual arts and the humanities generally.
Critical Essays
An introduction for English-language readers to Georges Bataille’s postwar philosophical and critical writings. In the aftermath of World War II, French thinker and writer Georges Bataille forged a singular path through the moral and political impasses of his age. In 1946, animated by “a need to live events in an increasingly conscious way,” and to reject any compartmentalization of intellectual life, Bataille founded the journal Critique. Continuing the publication of his postwar writings, this second book in a three-volume collection of Bataille’s work collects his essays and reviews from the years 1949 to 1951. In this period of intellectual isolation and intense reflection, Bataille developed and refined his genealogy of morality through a sustained reflection on the fate of the sacred in the modern world. He offered a critique of the limits of existing morality, especially in its denial of excess, while sketching the lineaments of a new hyper-morality. Bataille’s wide-ranging reflections are true to the intellectual mission of Critique, which he founded as a space open to the broadest considerations of the present. As well as discussing significant figures like Samuel Beckett, André Gide, and René Char, Bataille also offers fascinating reflections on American politics, Nazism, existentialism, materialism, and play. The connecting thread in these diverse essays remains Bataille’s concern with the extremes of human experience and the possibilities of transcending the limits of societies founded on utility and restraint. His writings remain a provocative incitement to rethink the boundaries we impose on expression and existence.
Kant
Immanuel Kant's philosophical system, Kojeve argues, is haunted by the Thing-in-itself as the ultimate expression of 'bourgeois hypocrisy' and its internally divided reason, split between action and discourse. Making a case for the post-historical moral imperative to turn away from infinite progress and the practical justification of the ideas of God and the immortality of the soul, Kant outlines the material conditions of possibility for revolutionary action within the twin horizons of accomplished and recollected history.
A Short Book About Ego...
A Sufi tale has it that God plays a joke on us when we're born. He whispers in our ear: 'You are the special one!' The joke is that He says it to everyone. Referring to the works of Eckhart Tolle, Osho, Michael Singer, Steve Taylor, Erich Fromm, Noam Chomsky, and others, A Short Book About Ego describes the three key strategies we use to be 'special' - the Successful Ego, the Suffering Ego, and the Righteous Ego - arguing that the drive to be above others is the ultimate root of all misery and prejudice. Based on 30 years of meditation and 30 years of political activism, David Edwards provides a simple, direct guide to transforming the emotional pain of ego - of anger, resentment, dissatisfaction, boredom, jealousy, craving, and fear into love and bliss through witnessing, watching, and presence. Nothing humanises us like the pain we're willing to accept and embrace. Nothing dehumanises us like the pain we're willing to reject and project onto others. Drawn from in-depth personal experience, A Short Book About Ego argues that the best way to escape from a man-eating tiger in hot pursuit is to stop, turn, and jump into the tiger's mouth!
Pohled odnikud
Každý z nás je konkrétní osobou, žijící svůj individuální život a pohlížející na svět ze své vnitřní, subjektivní perspektivy. Zároveň však všichni máme schopnost zaujmout vůči tomuto prvotnímu stanovisku odstup a dívat se na sebe i na svět „odnikud“. Obě perspektivy ovšem není vždy snadné skloubit a konflikty mezi nimi vyvolávají obtížné problémy ve všech oblastech filozofie. Jak začlenit naše subjektivní prožívání do objektivního obrazu světa vypracovaného moderní fyzikou? Jak spojit naše vnitřní vědomí svobody s vnějším pohledem, z něhož se naše činy jeví jen jako součást proudu událostí ve světě? Jak se smířit s tím, že z kosmického hlediska se všechny naše ideály, zájmy a hodnoty zdají naprosto bezvýznamné? Tyto a další otázky – problém mysli a těla, svobody a smyslu života, ale i skepticismu, objektivity hodnot nebo poměru morálky k dobrému životu – probírá současný americký filozof Thomas Nagel ve svém nejdůležitějším díle Pohled odnikud.
Nový sněm filosofů
OBSAH: Jean Laplace, podklady k životopisu, La Tourbe a její alchymický okruh, Experimentální alchymie v La Tourbe (Eugen Canseliet a jeho dílo, Chaos mudrců, Assace, Změna vnějších podmínek, Polemika nad partikulariemi uskutečněnými Canselietem neboli O vztahu mezi alchymií a chemií, Nové pojetí?, O Zeleném emailu neboli Filosofickém vitriolu, Flamelova hudba neboli o harmonii ve Velkém Díle, Budoucí alchymista na svém alchymickém putování), Epilog, Příloha: Článková bibliografie revue La Tourbe
Reading Aquinas's Five Ways
Thomas Aquinas''s famous five arguments for God''s existence, or ''Five Ways,'' in Summa theologiae Ia q.2 a.3 are a cornerstone of thought and discussion about God and are still much debated today. In this book Peter Weigel provides the philosophical background, particularly surrounding Aquinas''s metaphysics and theory of causation, needed to understand the Five Ways and examines the thinking behind the premises of these often difficult arguments. Weigel also considers larger issues surrounding arguing for God''s existence beyond Aquinas''s views, including more recent philosophical and scientific developments. He introduces readers to a wide array of thinkers and positions on the issues surrounding arguments for God, considers objections and other views from numerous historical and contemporary sources, and contemplates how Aquinas might respond to them. Written in clear prose with full explanations of technical concepts, his book will benefit a wide range of readers from undergraduates to advanced scholars.
Herald of a Restless World
As heard on Radio 4''s Free ThinkingThe first English-language biography of Henri Bergson, the philosopher who defined individual creativity and transformed twentieth century thought. At the dawn of the twentieth century, Henri Bergson became the most famous philosopher on earth. Where prior thinkers sketched out a predictable universe, he asserted the transformative power of consciousness and creativity. An international celebrity, he made headlines around the world debating luminaries like Bertrand Russell and Albert Einstein about free will and time. The vision of creative evolution and freedom he presented was so disruptive that the New York Times branded him "the most dangerous man in the world." In the first English-language biography of Bergson, Emily Herring traces how his celebration of the time-bending uniqueness of individual experience struck a chord with those shaken by modern technological and social change. Bergson captivated a society in flux like no other. Long after he faded from public view, his insights into memory, time, joy and creativity continue to shape our perceptions to this day. Herald of a Restless World is an electrifying portrait of a singular intellect.
Against Identity
A philosopher explains why the search for identity is meaningless, and how we should escape the self.
Modern life encourages us to pursue the perfect identity. Whether we aspire to become the best lawyer or charity worker, life partner or celebrity influencer, we emulate exemplars that exist in the world – hoping it will bring us happiness. But this often leads to a complex game of envy and pride. We achieve these identities but want others to imitate us. We disagree with those whose identities contradict ours – leading to polarisation and even violence. And yet when they thump against us, we are ashamed to ring hollow.
In Against Identity, philosopher Alexander Douglas seeks an alternative wisdom. Searching the work of three thinkers – ancient Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi, Dutch Enlightenment thinker Benedict de Spinoza, and 20th Century French theorist René Girard – he explores how identity can be a spiritual violence that leads us away from truth.
Through their worlds and radically different cultures, we discover how, at moments of historical rupture, our hunger for being grows: and yet, it is exactly these times when we should make peace with our indeterminacy and discover the freedom of escaping our selves.
The Stoics Illustrated
Stoicism is a school of philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the 3rd century BCE. It is a philosophy that stresses positive emotions over negative and helps in providing a framework for living well and achieving happiness. Embraced by emperors in Rome, Stoicism has been an influence on philosophers throughout the years, such as Thomas More and Descartes, and is currently undergoing a cultural resurgence. Divided thematically, Stoics Illustrated contains over 100 quotes from key philosophers, including Zeno of Citium, Cleanthes, Diogenes of Babylon, Cato the Younger, Seneca, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius, and will give the reader many emotional and practical tools for living a better life.
Norse Gods & Myths Illustrated
The mythology of the Vikings is still alive today in popular culture: everyone knows of Thor, the Norse god of war (made popular through the Marvel Cinematic Universe); Ragnarök, the great battle at the end of the world, where many gods and heroes perish and the earth is submerged in water; the tragic love story of Siegfried and Brunhild, central to the music and operas of German composer Richard Wagner; the characters of Loki the Trickster, the great god Odin’s eight-legged horse Sleipnir, and elves, dwarfs and trolls, all popular motifs in 20th century fantasy literature. In Norse Gods & Myths see how Odin exchanged his eye in order to drink from the wisdom-giving Mímisbrunnr magical well; learn how Loki cut off the hair of the beautiful goddess Sif as a practical joke, and had to repay Thor by obtaining the all- powerful hammer Mjöllnir from artisan dwarves; explore how Asgard, the mythical dwelling place of the gods, was fortified by the giant jötunn in exchange for the fertility goddess Freya’s hand in marriage; and marvel at Yggdrasil, the sacred tree around which the Norse cosmos developed. Beautifully produced in traditional Chinese binding with 100 illustrations and photographs, this book will fascinate anyone interested in the mythology that brought us the terrifying giant wolf Fenrir and the goddess Hel, ruler of the underworld.
Freedom
We are all afraid that new dangers pose a threat to our hard-won freedoms, so what deserves attention is precisely the notion of freedom.The concept of freedom is deceptively simple. We think we understand it, but the moment we try and define it we encounter contradictions. In this new philosophical exploration, Slavoj Žižek argues that the experience of true, radical freedom is transient and fragile. Countering the idea of libertarian individualism, Žižek draws on philosophers Hegel, Kierkegaard and Heidegger, as well as the work of Kandinsky and Agatha Christie to examine the many facets of freedom and what we can learn from each of them.Today, with the latest advances in digital control, our social activity can be controlled and regulated to such a degree that the liberal notion of a free individual becomes obsolete and even meaningless. How will we be obliged to reinvent (or limit) the contours of our freedom?Tracing its connection to everything from capitalism and war to the state and environmental breakdown, Žižek takes us on an illuminating and entertaining journey that shows how a deeper understanding of freedom can offer hope in dark times.
A boldog életről - A szabad akaratról
Szerintetek az boldog, aki nem birtokolja azt, amit akar?" Tagadóan válaszoltak. "Hogy is van ez? Mindenki boldog, aki birtokolja azt, amit akar?" Erre anyám így szólt: "Ha jó az, amit bírni akar, akkor boldog, ha azonban rossz dolgot akar birtokolni, még akkor is szerencsétlen, ha tulajdonában van." Boldogan rámosolyogtam: "Anyám, a filozófia fellegvárát hódítottad meg! Mert kétségkívül csupán a szavak hiányoztak hozzá, hogy ugyanúgy fejezd ki magad, mint Tullius. A Hortensius-ban, a filozófia dicséretéről és védelméről írott könyvben ugyanis ezt írja: 'Íme, ezt állítják azok, akik bár nem filozófusok, mégis serények a vitatkozásra: mindenki boldog, aki úgy él, ahogy akar.' Ez természetesen hamis állítás. Mert valamilyen meg nem engedett dologra vágyni az maga a legnagyobb szerencsétlenség. Kisebb boldogtalanság, ha nem kapod meg azt, amit akarsz, mint ha olyat akarsz megkapni, amit nem szabad. A visszás akarat több rosszat hoz magával, mint amennyi jót a szerencse." E szavak hallatán oly lelkesedés fogta el, hogy csaknem elfeledkeztünk asszonyi voltáról és azt hittük, valamilyen híres férfiú ül közöttünk."
Vyznání
„Pozdě jsem si tě zamiloval, kráso tak starobylá i tak nová. Pozdě jsem si tě zamiloval.“ sv. Augustin
„Mezi mysliteli starověku je Augustin jediný, kdo chápe ty nejniternější pocity moderního člověka,“ prohlásil španělský filosof Ortega y Gasset.
Duchovní autobiografie svatého Augustina patří vedle Bible a Následování Krista ke stálicím na pomyslném nebi duchovní literatury. V čem spočívá nadčasová popularita tohoto díla? Hlavně v tom, že s nevídanou autentičností svědčí o lidské křehkosti i o palčivém hledání a nacházení toho nejpodstatnějšího v životě člověka.
3. vydání s novým a kvalitní překladem pro čtenáře 21. století. Doplněné o odborný úvod, vysvětlivkami a rejstříky.
Wittgenstein’s Critique of Russell’s Multiple Relation Theory of Judgement
Wittgenstein’s May–June 1913 critique of Russell’s multiple-relation theory of judgement (or MRTJ) marked a crucial turning point in the lives of two great twentieth-century thinkers. It was also a watershed moment within the history of analytic philosophy itself. Yet scholarly consensus around a satisfactory interpretation of the nature of the critique, the extent of and reasons for its impact on Russell, along with the role it played within Wittgenstein’s development have remained elusive. With these facts in mind, this book aims to accomplish four interrelated goals. The first is to develop a compelling reading of Wittgenstein’s May–June 1913 critique of Russell’s MRTJ. The second is to defend this reading, called the ‘logical interpretation’ (or LI) against its most prominent competitors in the scholarly literature. Third, the book aims to situate Wittgenstein’s critique of the MRTJ and Russell’s reaction to it, within the broader context of each of Wittgenstein’s and Russell’s respective philosophical developments. Fourth and finally, the book aims to introduce students and scholars of early analytic philosophy to, and familiarize them with the historical events, textual evidence, scholarly controversies, letters, notes and diagrams, consideration of which is integral to constructing a plausible reading of Wittgenstein’s objection.
Filozofia ako metafyzika
Günter Figal ukazuje, že filozofia začína hľadaním pravdy, že v tomto hľadaní sa nutne rozvíja otázka bytia súcna a že toto hľadanie sa nakoniec etabluje ako „metafyzika“. Figal obhajuje metafyziku a zároveň ju fenomenologicky reformuluje. Argumentuje v prospech jej chápania ako jednej z viacerých filozofických perspektív.
Günter Figal (1949 – 2024), brilantný filozof, fenomenológ, znalec filozofickej tradície, profesor na univerzitách v Tübingene a vo Freiburgu, hosťujúci profesor na univerzitách v Aarhuse, Nishinomiya, Berlíne, Ríme, Bostone či v Leuvene. Dlhoročný predseda Martin Heidegger Gesellschaft. Editor série Heidegger Forum vo vydavateľstve Vittorio Klostermann, vydavateľ sérií Philosophische Untersuchungen a Internationale Jahrbuch für Hermeneutik vo vydavateľstve Mohr Siebeck. Svoje dielo zavŕšil prácou Vieldeutigkeit. Zur ästhetischen Umstellung der Philosophie (Viacznačnosť. K estetickému obratu vo filozofii, 2023), v ktorej háji filozofiu ako pôvodnú skúsenosť viacvýznamovosti a umenie, v ktorom je táto skúsenosť najitenzívnejšou, ako jej paradigmu. Vydavateľstvo Minor publikovalo v slovenskom preklade taktiež Figalovu prenikavú systematickú estetiku Zjavnosť vecí. Fenomenológia ako estetika (2023), ktorej hlavné pojmy sú odvodené zo skúsenosti a opisu umeleckých diel. Pojednáva o mimoriadnom príspevku umenia k poznaniu, pričom rozvíja koncepciu krásy, ktorá sa vzťahuje aj na moderné umenie. O umení uvažuje ako o celku – od starogréckej poézie až po japonskú čajovú misku.
A Field Guide To Getting Lost
With a new afterword by the author
In her map to loss, losing and being lost, Rebecca Solnit explores the challenges of living with uncertainty. Meandering eclectically through memory and mortality, Hitchcock movies and heartbreak, Solnit's beloved account of staying off the beaten path sheds glittering new light on the way we live now.
Filozofická literatúra obsahuje široký výber kníh a diel, ktoré vás zavedú do sveta myslenia, poznania a existencie. Knihy o filozofii podnecujú hlboké uvažovanie o základných otázkach ľudskej skúsenosti a prinášajú významné myšlienky a teórie od svetoznámych filozofov.
V kategórii Filozofia nájdete diela od najznámejších filozofov, ako je Platón, Aristoteles, Immanuel Kant či Friedrich Nietzsche. Ich myšlienky a teórie formovali filozofické disciplíny ako etika, metafyzika, politika a ďalšie.
Nájdete tu knihy, ktoré sa zaoberajú otázkami o podstate poznania, morálky a ľudskej existencie.
Okrem svetových autorov sa môžete tiež zoznámiť so slovenskými filozofmi, ako je Martin Heidegger a Miroslav Marcelli, ktorí prispeli k rozvoju filozofických myšlienok a teórií.
Objavte rozmanitosť prístupov a perspektív, ktoré vám pomôžu hlbšie porozumieť mysleniu, existencii a spoločnosti.
