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Ethics, Politics, and Natural Law
A rigorous but accessible overview of the new natural law account of ethics and political philosophy. The foundational principles of ethics and politics are principles that guide us to respect and promote human flourishing. In Ethics, Politics, and Natural Law Melissa Moschella provides an accessible explanation and development of the new natural law account of these principles while clarifying common misconceptions. As a commonsense ethical theory, natural law grounds ethics in the fundamental dimensions of human flourishing. Moschella lays out the basic principles of natural law, their relationship to the virtues, and their social and political implications. Highlighting the importance of communities for flourishing, Moschella explains how this should shape our understanding of justice and the common good, and shows how natural law principles support limited government and civil liberties. She also considers the relationship between morality and God, and how natural law relates to Christian revelation. This fresh and compelling account of new natural law is the go-to resource to understand this important and influential theory.
Zero Point
The essays in Zero Point ask how we distinguish defeat from disaster, and how we confront despair without collapsing into it - questions never more pertinent than the current moment in the wake of electoral victories for authoritarian populists and unceasing news of violent atrocities.
The 'zero-point' of the title is ground level, rock bottom, the place to which one retreats and where one regroups. Taken from Vladimir Lenin's 1922 piece 'On Ascending a High Mountain, in which Lenin considers the complexities of how one 'retreats' while keeping faith in the cause, the central simile of the climber offers a blueprint for resilience, flexibility, and the persistence of hope. This is the revolutionary as living out the Beckettian motto: 'Try again. Fail again. Fail better.' In Zizek's hands, this becomes the formula for confronting the antagonisms of existing world order. With a particular focus on the Middle East -the point at which all our tensions threaten to explode - Zizek argues nothing can be addressed meaningfully without such a confrontation.
The consequences of eschewing apolitical acts of solidarity and choosing to attempt to speak truth to power are reckoned with in the second half of Zero Point. In a unique piece assembled chronologically from unpublished writings, Zizek wrestles with the fallout from his controversial speech at the Frankfurt Book Fair in October 2023 - a speech which saw him interrupted, condemned and accused of anti-Semitism. The reader bears witness as Zizek processes the criticism, evolves his thinking and explores the full ethical, political and personal ramifications of the question: When is the right time to speak?
Gateway to the Epicureans
Two and half centuries ago, John Adams complained, “Our modern philosophers are all the low grovelling disciples of Epicurus.” That’s even truer today. The ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus is—acknowledged or not—the source of secular “woke” liberalism. In his own time, Epicurus was a fringe thinker. He and his few followers speculated about how invisibly small entities of indivisible matter called “atoms,” hurtling endlessly through an infinite void according to fixed physical laws, could explain the world and everything in it. Most ancient philosophers thought his speculations abstruse and counterintuitive, and he gained few adherents. But today, the overwhelming success of modern science has turned Epicurus’ fringe philosophy into the governing worldview of nearly everyone. Atoms hurtling through a void—that is what everything is made of, according to our scientific gurus. Along with this new atomism has come a whole constellation of fashionable Epicurean ideas: that peace and contentment are the most important things in life, that reality is an infinite expanse of multiverses, that divine power has no part to play in human affairs. Epicureanism is the philosophy that now runs the world—and if we are to understand ourselves in the twenty-first century, we must understand Epicurus, who died in the third century B.C. In this convenient volume, the classicist Spencer A. Klavan presents core selections from Epicurus’ own writings and those of his most famous ancient disciple, the poet Lucretius. Listen in as the teacher outlines for his students how his system of physics, logic, and ethics works. Read the elegant presentations of these Epicurean ideas aimed at the Roman upper crust. And consider with Klavan how this philosophy has gripped the modern mind, why it is falling apart, and why it leaves confusion in its wake.
Rozprava o metóde
Francúzsky filozof René Descartes (1596-1650) stojí na začiatku vývinu novovekej filozofie. Svojimi filozofickými ideami založil líniu novovekého racionalizmu. Svoje matematické a prírodovedecké myšlienky a stanoviská pôvodne vyjadril v spisoch Dioptrika, Meteory a Geometria, ku ktorým neskôr ako úvod pridal prácu Rozprava o metóde.
Na stránkach Rozpravy o metóde (pôvodne 1637, Leiden) Descartes formuluje základné pravidlá metódy, ako aj svoje chápanie vedy, metafyziky a morálky. Filozofické úvahy tu privádza k vymedzeniu postavenia, ktoré človek zaujíma v svete. K myšlienkam, ktoré tu Descartes vyjadril, sa dodnes obracajú nielen filozofi najrozličnejších smerov, ale aj psychológovia, antropológovia a kognitívni vedci.
K pozoruhodnostiam tejto knihy patrí, že ju Descartes napísal po francúzsky – v dobe, keď učené spisy vychádzali v spravidla latinčine, ho k voľbe francúzštiny zrejme viedol zámer obrátiť sa širšiemu publiku.
Nový fundovaný slovenský preklad Miroslava Marcelliho je doplnený jeho poznámkami.
Hopeful Pessimism
Why “hopeful pessimism” is not a contradiction in terms but a powerful source of moral and political commitmentThe climate debate is rife with calls for optimism. While temperatures rise and disasters intensify, we are asked to maintain optimism and hope, as if the real threat is pessimism and despair. In this erudite and engaging book, Mara van der Lugt argues that this is a mistake: crude optimism can no longer be a virtue in a breaking world, and may well prove to be our besetting vice. In an age of climate change and ecological devastation, the virtue we need is hopeful pessimism.Drawing on thinkers that range from J.R.R.Tolkien and Mary Shelley to Albert Camus and Jonathan Lear, van der Lugt invites us to rethink what we thought we knew about optimism and pessimism, hope and despair, activism and grief. She shows that pessimism is closely linked to a tradition of moral and political activism, and offers a different way to think about pessimism: not as synonymous with despair but as compatible with hope. Gently yet fiercely, van der Lugt argues that what we need to avoid is not pessimism but fatalism or self-serving resignation. Pessimism does not imply the loss of courage or the lack of a desire to strive for a better world; on the contrary, these are the very gifts that pessimism can bestow.What Hopeful Pessimism asks instead is that we strive for change without certainties, without expecting anything from our efforts other than the knowledge that we have done what we are called upon to do as moral agents in a time of change.
How Slavoj Became Zizek
An engrossing account of the meteoric rise of contemporary philosophy’s most contentious and prolific intellectual. This revised edition corrects several erroneous and insufficient references in the first edition of this book. Slovenian philosopher bad boy Slavoj Žižek is one of the most famous intellectuals of our time, publishing at a breakneck speed and lecturing around the world. With his unmistakable speaking style and set of mannerisms that have made him ripe material for internet humor and meme culture, he is recognizable to a wide spectrum of fans and detractors. But how did an intellectual from a small Eastern European country come to such popular notoriety? In How Slavoj Became Žižek, sociologist Eliran Bar-El plumbs the emergence, popularization, and development of the phenomenon called “Žižek.” Beginning with Žižek’s early years as a thinker and political figure in Slovenian civil society, Bar-El traces Žižek’s rise from Marxist philosopher to political candidate to eventual intellectual celebrity, as Žižek perfected his unique performative style and a rhetorical arsenal of “Hegelacanese.” Following 9/11, Žižek’s career as a global op-ed writer and TV commentator married his rhetoric with global events such as the war on terror, the financial crisis of 2008, and the Arab Spring of 2011. Yet, at the same time, this mainstream popularity, as well as a series of politically incorrect views, almost entirely estranged the Slovenian from the normal workings of academia. Ultimately, this account shows how Žižek has harnessed the power of the digital era in his own self-fashioning as a public intellectual.
Why It's OK to Be a Moderate
Conservatives and progressives rarely agree on much?but one thing many agree upon is that it?s not OK to be a moderate. This book shows they are wrong.In Why It?s OK to be a Moderate, Marcus Arvan shows how many of history?s worst evils have resulted from far-right and far-left radicalism, how escalating conflicts between conservatives and progressives are undermining democracy, and how many widely hailed social and political achievements have been achieved by moderates and radicals working in constructive tension with each other.Using philosophy, science, and historical analysis, Arvan shows that critics of moderates tend to equate them with spineless centrists, but that most moderates aren?t centrists, falling into diverse categories across the political spectrum. Arvan then shows that although radicals tend to be popular in their era, many of them have gone down in infamy, while many moderates, like Abraham Lincoln or Clement Attlee, have endured short-term unpopularity to ?make history.?Arvan shows that it?s OK to be a moderate precisely because not everyone should be one. He makes this case to you, showing that whatever your reasonable political ideology may be, things tend to go best politically when radicals and moderates effectively complement each other?s virtues while counterbalancing the other?s vices.Key FeaturesUses science and historical analysis to show that while liberals and conservatives may have some political virtues, radicals on both sides of the political spectrum tend to display twelve political vices that undermine democracyExplores how Aristotle?s idea of the ?Golden Mean? and Buddhism?s ?Middle Way? might be used to better understand far-left and far-right mistakes in the UK, US, Continental Europe, and IndiaShows how moderates are a leading political demographic, existing in greater numbers than liberals or conservatives while falling into diverse categories across the political spectrumDocuments how radicalism has underwritten many of history?s worst political events, along with many of the most widely acknowledged political problems of the 20th and 21st centuriesDemonstrates to the reader that things tend to go best politically when radicals and moderates work in constructive tension with each other, and worst when there aren?t enough moderates
Moral Institutions
Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE) is a promising approach to understanding our complex world and addressing contemporary social issues. But what is it? This textbook aims to straightforwardly explain what PPE is to those who have never heard about it. The book uses a unified PPE approach which differs from a simple concatenation of moral philosophy, political science, and economics so that the reader can appreciate PPE?s distinctiveness. It makes salient the virtues of PPE as a unified approach through a study of two liberal institutions that have been fundamental in making the world a better place: governments and markets. By the end, the reader will be confronted with the difficulty of finding only one right answer to unprecedented questions in a morally diverse society. Hopefully, however, readers will be convinced that the uncertainty of the diversity of our liberal societies is what has made them peaceful and prosperous despite the permanent frustration that results from living in a dynamic and complex world.
Stop Chasing Happiness
The secret to happiness? Stop trying to find it - it's not all it's cracked up to be. Finding happiness is less about learning new tricks and more about unlearning ways of thinking holding you back: Stop chasing happiness, stop obsessing over what others think, stop caring too much about how you feel, stop making sacrifices for personal success. Here, academic and philosopher Frank Martela unpacks why we value happiness, and why chasing it is actually making you miserable.
He reveals the secrets to Finland's continued top rankings in the global happiness reports by showing that, actually, living with purpose and contentment is much more beneficial that striving to be happy. Building on Frank's personal encounters with people from all walks of life during travels around Finland and abroad, this book blends personal stories and quirky anecdotes with the latest scientific research and ancient traditions to deliver a strong message about how you should approach life: what you should stop doing and what you should start doing instead, to find an enduring sense of contentment and an energizing sense ofpurpose for your own life.
Voice for the Voiceless
In this unique book, His Holiness the Dalai Lama tells the full story of his 75-year struggle with China to save Tibet and its people.
Instant New York Times Bestseller
The Dalai Lama has had to contend with the People's Republic of China his entire life. He was 15 years old when communist China invaded Tibet in 1950, only 19 when he had his first meeting with Chairman Mao in Beijing, and 24 when he was forced to escape to India and became a leader in exile. Almost 75 years after China's initial invasion of Tibet, the Dalai Lama has faced communist China's leaders - Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping - in his effort to protect Tibet and its people.
In Voice for the Voiceless, the Dalai Lama reminds the world of Tibet's unresolved struggle for freedom and the hardship his people continue to face in their homeland. The book captures his extraordinary life, uncovering what it means to lose your home to a repressive invader and build a life in exile; dealing with the existential crisis of a nation, its people, and its culture and religion; and envisioning the path forward.
Voice for the Voiceless is a powerful testimony from a global icon, sharing both his pain and his enduring hope in his people's ongoing quest to restore dignity and freedom.
Al-Ghazali and the Ideal of Godlikeness
The idea that improving our character requires modelling ourselves on another will seem natural to many. But what might it mean to take God as a model for virtue? This book investigates how Muslim thinkers developed this idea against a rich backdrop of historical reflection on the topic and how one particular intellectual, Abu ?amid al-Ghazali, shaped the conversation. The idea that becoming virtuous means becoming like God has a long history. It was a calling card of Plato''s philosophy and popular among many of the ancient philosophical schools. In the Islamic world, it assumed a vivid form at the hands of Sufi thinkers who took the beautiful names of God as the headline of a project of self-transformation. God''s beautiful names aren''t just objects for abstract understanding; they represent moral and spiritual ideals. Moved by both philosophical and Sufi inspirations, al-Ghazali casts the idea in a distinctive form which lets us into the sources of its fascination--and to the welter of questions it provokes. What, for example, does it even mean to ascribe virtues to God, given how closely the virtues seem to be tied to human limitations? Does the imitation of God set an achievable standard-and given the risks of aiming for it, should we even try? Drawing on a range of broader perspectives on virtue, character education, and the role of exemplars, this book works through such questions and places al-Ghazali at the heart of an unfolding conversation.
A Hut at the Edge of the Village
The new collection from John Moriarty, edited by Martin Shaw. There is a radical agency in John Moriarty’s work not always acknowledged. As our heads spin with mythological cross-referencing, poetical leaps and the philosophical bent, it is clear that there is nothing domestic, nothing tame, about John Moriarty. The power of Moriarty is that he has found a thousand beautiful ways to say something very disturbing: we have to change our lives. In this small book of big thoughts, award-winning author, mythologist and storyteller Martin Shaw situates Moriarty’s work with respect to our eco-conscious era and a readership seeking spiritual and philosophical guidance. Moriarty asks of us only one thing – that we move our gaze from seeing to beholding. And there the trouble begins, when we realize there is a world beyond us far bigger than our temporary ambitions. A Hut at the Edge of the Village presents a collection of Moriarty’s writings ordered thematically, with sections ranging from place, love and wildness through to voyaging, ceremony and the legitimacy of sorrow. These carefully chosen extracts are supported by an introduction by Martin Shaw and foreword by Tommy Tiernan, a long-time admirer of Moriarty’s work. According to Shaw, ‘These are not pastoral times we are living in, but prophetic. We are at a moment when the world as we understand it has been turned upside down. The challenge is that there are fewer and fewer people who can interpret such happenings in a deep, soulful way. Moriarty can do that. When culture is in woeful crisis, the insights never come from parliament, senate, or committee; they come from the hut at the edge of the village. Let’s go there. There is tremendous, unexpected hope waiting.’
Immortal Gestures
There is an old Buddhist adage: the teachings are like a finger pointing to the moon. To achieve enlightenment, you are not supposed to look at the finger. You are supposed to look to the celestial light. I am asking you to look at the finger. The finger is also the moon. A tilted head. A finger to the lips. A wave that could mean emphasis or dismissal. A raised palm of piety and fellowship. Our gestures do not simply point to our thoughts, they are our thoughts made flesh. They can be instinctive, intuitive, or calculated — or all three. They exist in the briefest moment and through history, in a gently turned wrist and across whole nations. Our gestures drag stories with them, whether they mean to or not. They are invitations to think about how our worlds are larger than they seem — how we are much larger than we seem. Join award-winning philosopher Damon Young — author of The Art of Reading and Philosophy in the Garden — as he sheds light on thirteen curious gestures. Drawing equally from classical poetry and science fiction, heavy metal and ballet, Young illuminates our varied humanity from prehistory to today.
Stoicism 101
Discover all the essential wisdom of the stoics with this engaging, informative, and easy-to-understand guide to all the key philosophers, concepts, and principles of the stoic philosophy.You’ve seen the memes and quotes everywhere—from Reddit to TikTok—but what is stoicism really about? Stoicism 101 teaches you everything you need to know about this influential philosophy—from its key figures (including Epictetus, Seneca the Younger, and Marcus Aurelius), to its key principles (virtue, mindfulness, and the dichotomy of control). This easy-to-read guide uses engaging, straightforward lessons to teach you all the important stoic concepts. Whether you are new to stoicism or have been studying it for some time, in this book you’ll find quick, thorough, easy-to-understand explanations of stoic philosophies and practices such as mastering desires and emotions, cultivating character and virtue, learning self-acceptance, dealing with criticism and adversity, practical exercises for achieving happiness, and more.
The Libertarian Mind
An updated edition of David Boaz?s timeless primer on libertarianism, with a new preface by the author. Libertarianism?the philosophy of personal and economic freedom?has deep roots in Western civilization and in American history, with increasing appeal to those dissatisfied with the status quo. The growth of executive power, chronic deficits, counterproductive foreign military interventions, protectionist trade measures, a costly drug war, and many other threats to civil liberties have pushed millions of Americans in a libertarian direction. The Libertarian Mind is a comprehensive guide to the history and philosophy of this movement. This updated edition delves into the principles of libertarianism, exploring its roots and its development over time. It offers a rich collection of ideas that present a compelling case for individual liberty and mutual cooperation. Challenging the notion of top-down governmental control, the book advocates instead for a society built on freedom and individual rights. But The Libertarian Mind is more than just a book; it?s a manifesto for freedom. It?s a call to action for those who believe in the sovereignty and fundamental dignity of the individual and the importance of political freedom.
Velikonoční promluvy I
Velikonoce jsou staré jako křesťanství samo: o Velikonocích se zrodila církev, kterou spojuje víra v moc Ježíšovy smrti a vzkříšení. Velikonoce proto začaly formovat rytmus křesťanského života a jejich oslava se stala nejdůležitější oslavou roku. Odhalovaly způsob, jak se naplnila starozákonní proroctví – skutečný velikonoční beránek, Kristus, byl obětován a vstal z mrtvých pro naši spásu. Tento svazek Augustinových velikonočních promluv si klade za cíl znovu oživit osobní objevování různých rovin významu velikonočních událostí, které si křesťané po celém světě rok co rok připomínají. Chce zvát ke znovupromýšlení toho, o čem si myslíme, že známe – a občerstvit nás novostí, jež nikdy nezestárla.
Autor úvodní studie a komentáře David Vopřada.
Independence for Children
Independence for Children presents an alternative conception of parenting to those that have dominated our thinking about children and the family to date. It offers an elaboration and defence of anti-perfectionist parenting. The central argument of this book is that, as they develop, children become entitled to adopt and pursue their own conceptions of religion and human well-being. As young children, they are entitled to an upbringing that is informed by ideals and reasons they can later accept in the light of the religious or ethical values they go on to hold as adults. In short, parents and others owe children an upbringing from which they are not alienated later in life. Parental anti-perfectionism suggests that parents should introduce their children to the various and sometimes competing views concerning our place in the universe and human flourishing and raise them to be respectful of the diversity of lifestyles within society. But Matthew Clayton argues that parents have no right to steer their children towards particular religious doctrines or conceptions of human flourishing, and that religious schools ought to be phased out. This book addresses several questions in the philosophy of upbringing, such as how we ought to understand the interests of children, the moral claims of parents, and what constitutes a valuable family life. Clayton finishes by briefly exploring the implications of anti-perfectionist morality for how parents ought to approach issues concerning work, consumption, gender, and food.
O ctnostech v Teologické sumě
V tomto pojednání (STh I-II, q. 55–67) Tomáš rozebírá základní charakteristiky ctností.
V návaznosti na Aristotela a Augustina nejprve uvádí definici ctností, poté se zaměřuje na jejich subjekt, tj. na jednotlivé schopnosti lidské duše, které jsou ctnostmi zdokonalovány. Dále rozebírá různé druhy ctností: ctnosti rozumové, morální (kardinální) a teologické (víra, naděje a láska). Následně se věnuje tématům, která jsou pro všechny typy ctností zásadní: pojednává o příčině ctností, o středové pozici ctností, o jejich jednotě a propojení. Na závěr se zabývá problematikou trvání ctností po skončení pozemského života. Tomášův traktát o ctnosti je jedním ze zásadních textů dějin filosofie zaměřených na etiku ctností. Pomáhá nejen pochopit, co je ctnost, ale také představuje cesty formace k ctnostnému jednání.
Kaleidoskop slov a obrazů na okraji velkých témat
Kaleidoskop slov a obrazů se zabývá kontexty intertextuálních a interdiskurzivních vztahů, které představuje na tématech propojujících populární a vysokou kulturu nebo spojených s dynamikou tradice a její reinterpretace. Dotýká se literatury, komiksu, filmu, médií… Společným jmenovatelem jednotlivých kapitol je okrajovost naznačená v podtitulu: kniha ji představuje jako produktivní třecí plochu, kde ve stýkání a dotýkání na první pohled protichůdných nebo obtížně slučitelných oblastí dochází ke vzniku nových kvalit. Titulní metafora kaleidoskopu zdůrazňuje skutečnost, že soubory menších znaků, jevů nebo témat mohou být významotvorné pro jedinečný a inspirující obraz, jaký nelze zahlédnout optikou velkých vědeckých kategorií.
Filozofická literatúra obsahuje široký výber kníh a diel, ktoré vás zavedú do sveta myslenia, poznania a existencie. Knihy o filozofii podnecujú hlboké uvažovanie o základných otázkach ľudskej skúsenosti a prinášajú významné myšlienky a teórie od svetoznámych filozofov.
V kategórii Filozofia nájdete diela od najznámejších filozofov, ako je Platón, Aristoteles, Immanuel Kant či Friedrich Nietzsche. Ich myšlienky a teórie formovali filozofické disciplíny ako etika, metafyzika, politika a ďalšie.
Nájdete tu knihy, ktoré sa zaoberajú otázkami o podstate poznania, morálky a ľudskej existencie.
Okrem svetových autorov sa môžete tiež zoznámiť so slovenskými filozofmi, ako je Martin Heidegger a Miroslav Marcelli, ktorí prispeli k rozvoju filozofických myšlienok a teórií.
Objavte rozmanitosť prístupov a perspektív, ktoré vám pomôžu hlbšie porozumieť mysleniu, existencii a spoločnosti.
