Najnovšie - Odborná a populárno-náučná literatúra strana 238 z 500

Na rostoucí ohrožení ze strany sousedního nacistického Německa zareagovala v polovině třicátých let minulého století Československá republika, po vzoru již tehdy legendární francouzské Maginotovy linie, výstavbou mohutného fortifikačního systému. Ten měl alespoň částečně zmírnit nevýhodu extrémně dlouhých státních hranic ČSR. Orlické hory a Náchodsko, jimž je věnován 2. svazek úspěšné edice „Pohraniční pevnosti“, představovaly již od počátečních úvah o opevňování Československa jedno z klíčových míst naší obrany. Svědčí o tom i skutečnost, že v prostoru mezi Zemskou bránou a Červeným Kostelcem mělo být vybudováno 155 objektů těžkého opevnění, z toho 126 izolovaných pěchotních srubů, jedna dělostřelecká pozorovatelna a 28 objektů v rámci dělostřeleckých tvrzí Hanička, Skutina, Dobrošov a Jírova hora. Z tohoto počtu bylo 103 objektů zadáno stavebním firmám a 86 z nich do září 1938 skutečně vybetonováno. Kniha vypravuje jejich příběh na dvou stovkách unikátních dobových fotografií, z nichž velká část dosud nebyla publikována.

The First World War hardly ended with the formal Armistice in Europe on November 11, 1918, amid the continuing violence of blockades and epidemics, amid numerous forms of reconstruction and revolution. Its legacies, in fact, resonate deeply in our present. Nor is it obvious that it only began on July 28, 1914, just a month after the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo. Rather than these formal legal openings and closings, the beginnings and endings of wartime are many, depending upon the questions we ask, and the frames of reference we provide. For many at the time, the outbreak of what would become the First World War was an inevitability, the result of rising tensions over decades, whether due to the dynamics and systems of international politics within Europe, or a result of the competitive logic of imperial politics as practised by Europe outside its borders, rebounding back upon it. This resulted in equally persistent ideas down to our own time, about the inevitability that followed from victory; namely, that to be successful and realistic, modern politics and economics must necessarily be fixed in the form of a democratic nation-state. But this new world of democracy, forged in war, could easily become its own sort of intellectual prison-house, curating and limiting political and economic possibilities just as securely as any form of tyranny. That the tyranny of victory was a danger recognized by many of the leading analysts of the First World War at the time, helped to foster a continued search for ideas that might keep the worlds of politics and economics open to alternative futures, rather than being closed by the force of a few great powers or the presentational fiat of democracy. Those hopes paved the way for the wide variety of anti-imperial, federal, diasporic, and revolutionary forms of political and economic arrangements, which were designed to challenge the seemingly inevitable rise of the nation-state. Worlds of Wartime: The First World War and the Reconstruction of Modern Politics provides a new intellectual history of the many and varied ideas about politics and economics that were made, and remade, through wartime and revolution, by political and economic thinkers working across the globe, from the 1880s to the 1930s. Spanning continents, connecting networks of people, power, and possibilities, in new and often experimental ways, the worlds of wartime saw histories of modern politics and economics revised and updated, used as well as abused, in myriad attempts to interpret, explain, understand, explore, and indeed to win, the war. This book takes the measure of a great many of these overlapping visions, and it does so by trying to learn some of the lessons that literary and artistic modernism can teach us about the complexities of political and economic ideas, their contingency and uncertainty, and how they are fixed into focus only at very particular moments. Moving from the stylised narratives of European and American political theory and intellectual history, through to the futurist politics of revolutionaries in Ireland, India, Ottoman-Turkey, and Russia, this book also tracks arguments and strategies for Pan-African diasporic federation, alongside German and American debates about federal pasts and federal futures. From the invention of the world economy, to the reality of multiple war economies, from revolutionary conjunctures to ideas of democracy and climate catastrophe in the Anthropocene today, Reconstruction tells the story of just how strongly modern politics in general, and modern ideas about political and economic possibility, were fixed by the intellectual turbulence wrought during the First World War.

L’objectif de ce travail de recherche était d’appréhender l’outillage en pierre lié a la déformation plastique des métaux, ce que l’on appelle communément les marteaux et les enclumes.Pour ces outils, encore largement méconnus, il n’existait aucun inventaire en France en 2008, et seulement quatre outils reconnus comme tel apparaissaient dans la bibliographie française. Partant des quelques exemplaires connus, un important travail d’investigation au sein des collections de musées publics ou privées principalement de la façade atlantique, dans un premier temps, a conduit a l’identification de plus d’une centaine d’outils pour la plupart inédits. Ce travail s’est ensuite poursuivi dans quelques musées de l’Est et du Sud de la France, mais les outils y semblent plus rares et difficile a localiser au sein de collections parfois anciennes. Les objectifs de cette recherche se sont concentrés sur trois aspects : appréhender la fonction de ces outils, les replacer au sein des chaînes opératoires du métal et appréhender leurs liens avec l’outillage métallique. Dans cette optique, une typologie fonctionnelle de ces outils lithiques a été réalisée en s’appuyant sur la typologie de leurs homologues métalliques afin de permettre une meilleure comparaison des performances de l’une et l’autre série d’outils dédiées au travail des métaux. La publication de ce travail présentera un inventaire le plus complet possible des outils en pierre de la façade atlantique de l’Europe.

This book tells the true story of a young girl growing up during the Kosovo war and its immediate aftermath following Kosovo’s liberation by NATO troops in 1999. Through her embodied experiences, the book exposes the tangible and everyday acts and events of the war, providing brutal insight into the impact of war and the politics of subjugation. At the outset of the book (in 1998), Vjosa’s view of the world, as a young child, is organized in clear dichotomies: the good Albanians and the evil Serbs; the brutal Serbian military shelling Albanian civilians and the angelic NATO airplanes bombing Serbian military sites. This Manichean worldview starts to unravel after Vjosa and her family are chased away from their home by the Serbian military and moved to the suburbs. There, surrounded by mostly poor and uneducated fellow Albanians, she gradually discovers the layers of her family’s socio-economic privileges. Though unequipped with the language to verbalize it, she is tormented by the idea that her family’s comparatively higher socio-economic status is the reason why they are spared by the Serbian military. When the war ends in 1999, and the NATO tanks fill the narrow streets of her hometown as Serbian military tanks leave, Vjosa believes she received her own ‘happily ever after’. She celebrates her thirteenth birthday happily wearing a US military uniform, holding an unbearably heavy unloaded gun as she becomes the favorite interpreter of the American NATO troops. She spends several months after the war occasionally translating between angry Albanians who now seek revenge against Serbs and NATO troops who insist on not picking sides; showcasing the impossibility of (re)building Kosovo with “both-sides-ism” becoming the modus operandi of the international intervening structures.

From the late first century to the end of late antiquity, three rival traditions—pagan, Jewish, and Christian—found themselves at odds over one issue in particular: the nature of the relationship between divine reality and the material world. In this context, the Evangelist John constructed his bios of Jesus as a narrative apologia addressed primarily to Jews whose objection to the worship of Jesus was essentially the same as their longstanding objection to pagan iconic worship. The Visible Word of the Unseen God argues that John wrote his Gospel for readers inclined to regard Christian claims about an incarnate Messiah as an illicit intermingling of the invisible reality of God with the visible creation. As such, the Gospel is best read as an act of scriptural reasoning that portrays the incarnation as a recapitulation of Israel's encounter with God at Sinai, where the visible appearance of God in his Word formed the basis for proscribing any attempt to contain God's presence in images. John designs his narrative to enable readers to hear the words spoken at Sinai as the life-giving words of the Logos and to see the incarnation, crucifixion, and resurrection as the definitive repudiation of idolatry—the climactic revelation of God's visible glory as his presence in his Word. An appreciation of this core feature of John's Gospel serves as a striking counterpoint to a reductive secularism that strips reality of all but stuff and the self-creating human words we inhabit. At the same time, John is no ally to those critics of secularism who trace its rise to Reformation-era iconoclasm. John does not offer a ressourcement for post-secular reenchantment but rather an entirely different conceptual world. As John renders the world, God is not absent from his creation but neither is his presence diffuse within it. Rather, the Creator is and always has been present in his Word. Through the incarnation, crucifixion, and resurrection, the Word has become the sanctuary that human beings coinhabit with God and share in the life he lives and speaks.

Zásadní kniha básníka Miloše Doležala o životě, kněžství a mučednické smrti číhošťského faráře P. Josefa Toufara je nesena naléhavou touhou pochopit, kdo Josef Toufar byl a co všechno v jeho údělu předcházelo dějství poslednímu. Autor nepojímá obsáhlý životopisný portrét jako chladné historické pojednání, nechybí v něm bezprostřednost ani humor, a přece ani o krok neustoupí požadavku na absolutní dokumentární věrnost. Celek je i důkladně vyvedenou kronikou života české vesnice v první polovině 20. století.

A powerful new anthology that redefines our understanding of existentialism and argues for its contemporary relevance. 'Superb ... I can't imagine a better way of meeting the existentialists in all their variety' - Sarah Bakewell, author of At the Existentialist Café 'Existentialist thought [...] is an effort to reconcile the objective and the subjective, the absolute and the relative, the timeless and the historical.' Simone de Beauvoir In the aftermath of the Second World War, a group of intellectuals gathered to discuss urgent questions of existence, commitment, racism, colonialism, and feminism. Their ideas would continue to shape those debates throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. his major new anthology gathers the key texts of existentialism, and their major intellectual influences, along with other works previously neglected in overviews and anthologies of the movement. Incorporating the writings of Simone de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre and Frantz Fanon, alongside selections from Soren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud and Martin Heidegger, it significantly expands and redefines our understanding of what existentialism means, and why it matters. Edited with an Introduction by Jonathan Webber

Proudly read and display the blueprint for American democracy with this stunning, unabridged edition featuring sprayed edges and a foil-embossed faux-leather cover.Written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison between October 1787 and May 1788 and published anonymously in May 1788, The Federalist Papers presents a series of 85 essays advocating for the ratification of the newly proposed United States Constitution. As Madison and Hamilton were both members of the Constitutional Convention, this collection of essays is used today to further illuminate the intentions of the Constitution, as it was drafted. The essays cover a wide variety of topics, including foreign affairs, relationships between states, preserving the union, commercial interests and the economy, and more. This collectible edition features:An elegant faux-leather cover with foil-embossed designsStunning sprayed edges for a continuous design on the front, edges, and backAn introduction by American history scholar and author Andrew S. Tree Unabridged textA historical timeline at the backPerfect for US history lovers and bibliophiles alike, The Federalist Papers is a must-have addition for any home library.Essential volumes for the shelves of every classic literature lover, Chartwell Deluxe Editions offer beautifully presented works from some of the most important authors in literary history. Other deluxe classics from Chartwell include Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Anne of Green Gables, The Essential Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe, The Iliad, Inferno, Irish Fairy and Folk Tales, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Little Women, Meditations, and The Republic.

This Element explores why historic urban places matter emotionally. To achieve this the Element develops a conceptual framework which breaks down the broad category of 'emotion' into three interrelated parts: 1. Emotional responses, 2. Emotional attachments, and 3. Emotional communities. In so doing new lines of enquiry are opened up including the reasons why certain emotional responses such as pride and fear are provoked by historic urban places; the complex interplay of the physical environment and everyday experiences in informing emotional attachments, as well as the reasons why emotional communities coalesce in particular historic urban places. In addition, the Element explores the ways in which emotion, in the form of responses, attachments, and communities, can be considered within heritage management and concludes with a discussion of where next for heritage theories and practices. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Now notorious for its aridity and air pollution, Mexico City was once part of a flourishing lake environment. In nearby Xochimilco, Native Americans modified the lakes to fashion a distinctive and remarkably abundant aquatic society, one that provided a degree of ecological autonomy for local residents, enabling them to protect their communities' integrity, maintain their way of life, and preserve many aspects of their cultural heritage. While the area's ecology allowed for a wide array of socioeconomic and cultural continuities during colonial rule, demographic change came to affect the ecological basis of the lakes; pastoralism and new ways of using and modifying the lakes began to make a mark on the watery landscape and on the surrounding communities. In this fascinating study, Conway explores Xochimilco using native-language documents, which serve as a hallmark of this continuity and a means to trace patterns of change.

A bold, trailblazing history that asks: what if the movements that built the modern world – the Enlightenment, democracy, the Industrial Revolution – were more catastrophic than we ever imagined? In this radical rethinking of modernity, Professor Clifton Crais argues that the era between 1750 and the early 1900s – seen by many as the birth of the Anthropocene – should instead be known as the Mortecene: the Age of Killing. Killing brought the world together and tore it apart, as violence and commerce converged to create a new and terrible world order that drove the growth of global capitalism. Profiteering warlords left a trail of devastation across Africa, Asia, and the Americas, committing mass-scale slaughter of humans and animals, and sparking an environmental crisis that remains the most pressing threat facing the world today. Drawing on decades of scholarship and a range of new sources, The Killing Age turns our vision of past and present on its head, illuminating the Mortecene in all its horror: how it has shaped who we are, what we value, what we fear, and the precarious planet we must now confront.

Silk Mirage is a compelling portrait of Uzbekistan, a country at the heart of the ancient Silk Road and now the centre of a power struggle between reformers and reactionaries for the soul of this strategic land in Central Asia. In 2016, the long-ruling dictator Islam Karimov – one of the last Soviet-era strongmen – died, sparking a period of transformation under his successor, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, which became known as the ‘Uzbek Spring’. But, as investigative journalist Joanna Lillis shows, spring has struggled to break through in one of the world’s most repressive and totalitarian states. As one of the few western journalists with access to Uzbekistan and with over two decades of experience covering the country, Lillis travels deep into the heart of the Karimov regime, portraying all the excesses and atrocities that made it such a brutal dictatorship. She also penetrates the system that replaced it, exploring how life has changed for Uzbeks under Mirziyoyev’s rule – and how it has not. A tale of both reform and repression, this book illustrates the challenges of dragging a country out of dictatorship.Lillis explores Uzbekistan’s politics, economics, history, arts and culture – and asks where the country stands nearly a decade after the death of its dictator, and 600 years since its ancient capital Samarkand was the centre of the world’s trade network. Lillis weaves in the extraordinary stories of ordinary people: from politicians to former political prisoners, from journalists to human rights crusaders, from entrepreneurs to environmentalists, from artists to architects, from silk makers to carpet weavers.Conjuring up Uzbekistan as a place full of life and loss, Silk Mirage tells the stories of courageous people who probe to find the cracks in an authoritarian regime through which the light gets in.

This little book, packed with kick-ass quotes and empowering statements, will inspire you to shoot for the stars and achieve your goals! It may be small in size, but this book packs a punch of motivational energy. Perhaps you're feeling down, you've experienced some setbacks, or maybe you're just not sure you have what it takes to get to your next goal. However you're feeling, dip into this book to find new inspiration. These pages are bursting with motivational quotes from celebrities, thinkers, writers and icons past and present - and you'll also find affirmations to ignite your sense of purpose and spur you on. This little book is here to remind you that, whatever your situation, you have the power and ability within you to do anything you set your mind to. With determination in your heart, no hurdle is too high and no dream is too big - because your only limit is you!

Myths on the Edge of Empire presents the findings of an extensive investigation into how classical mythology spread across Roman Britain, revealing which characters and deities were the most prevalent, in which contexts, and within which physical media. The reader is initially guided through a series of case studies that use individual mythical entities (Minerva, Mars, Medusa, Hercules, Mercury, and Cupid) to introduce key concepts and observations, as well as drawing attention to the pitfalls of the terminology often employed in explaining complex cultural interchanges. Building upon these findings, more complex patterns are then discussed in thematic chapters that focus on military deities, how myths were combined or displayed together, and the extent to which urban environments were fertile ground for their employment, as well as a typological breakdown and discussion of material culture. As a reference, this book presents a series of graphical displays, one per myth, that show quantities of artefacts, locations, find contexts, and prevalence over time. Finally, the book classifies and explains the vectors that were used in the cultural transmission of mythology throughout a province that was at the very edge of the Roman Empire.

Cynicism is making us sick; Stanford psychologist Dr Jamil Zaki has the cure - a 'ray of light for dark days' (Adam Grant, #1 New York Times bestselling author). For thousands of years, people have argued about whether humanity is selfish or generous, cruel or kind. But recently, our answers have changed. In 1972, half of Americans agreed that most people can be trusted; by 2018, that figure had fallen to 30%. Different generations, genders, religions and political parties can't seem to agree on anything, except that they all think human virtue is evaporating. Cynicism is a perfectly understandable response to a world full of injustice and inequality. But in many cases, cynicism is misplaced. Dozens of studies find that people fail to realise how kind, generous and open-minded others really are. And cynical thinking worsens social problems, because our beliefs don't just interpret the world; they change it. When we expect people to be awful, we coax awfulness out of them. Cynicism is a disease, with a history, symptoms and a cure. Through science and storytelling, Jamil Zaki imparts the secret for beating back cynicism: hopeful scepticism. This approach doesn't mean putting our faith in every politician or influencer. It means thinking critically about people and our problems, while simultaneously acknowledging and encouraging our strengths. Far from being naive, hopeful scepticism is a more precise way of understanding others, and paying closer attention re-balances how you think about human nature. As more of us do this, we can take steps towards building the world we truly want.

Ritual is part of what it means to be human. Like sports, music, and drama, ritual defines and enriches culture, putting those who practice it in touch with sources of value and meaning larger than themselves. Ritual is unavoidable, yet it holds a place in modern life that is decidedly ambiguous. What is ritual? What does it do? Is it useful? What are the various kinds of ritual? Is ritual tradition bound and conservative or innovative and transformationa? longside description of a number of specific rites, this Very Short Introduction explores ritual from both theoretical and historical perspectives. Barry Stephenson focuses on the places where ritual touches everyday life: in politics and power; moments of transformation in the life cycle; as performance and embodiment. He also discusses the boundaries of ritual, and how and why certain behaviors have been studied as ritual while others have not. Stephenson shows how ritual is an important vehicle for group and identity formation; how it generates and transmits beliefs and values; how it can be used to exploit and oppress; and how it has served as a touchstone for thinking about cultural origins and historical change. Encompassing the breadth and depth of modern ritual studies, Barry Stephenson''s Very Short Introduction also develops a narrative of ritual''s place in social and cultural life. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Late in life, William F. Buckley made a confession to Corey Robin. Capitalism is "boring," said the founding father of the American right. "Devoting your life to it," as conservatives do, "is horrifying if only because it''s so repetitious. It''s like sex." With this unlikely conversation began Robin''s decade-long foray into the conservative mind. What is conservatism, and what''s truly at stake for its proponents? If capitalism bores them, what excites the? racing conservatism back to its roots in the reaction against the French Revolution, Robin argues that the right is fundamentally inspired by a hostility to emancipating the lower orders. Some conservatives endorse the free market, others oppose it. Some criticize the state, others celebrate it. Underlying these differences is the impulse to defend power and privilege against movements demanding freedom and equality. Despite their opposition to these movements, conservatives favor a dynamic conception of politics and society--one that involves self-transformation, violence, and war. They are also highly adaptive to new challenges and circumstances. This partiality to violence and capacity for reinvention has been critical to their success.Written by a keen, highly regarded observer of the contemporary political scene, The Reactionary Mind ranges widely, from Edmund Burke to Antonin Scalia to Donald Trump, from John C. Calhoun to Ayn Rand. It advances the notion that all right-wing ideologies, from the eighteenth century through today, are historical improvisations on a theme: the felt experience of having power, seeing it threatened, and trying to win it back.When its first edition appeared in fall 2011, The Reactionary Mind set off a fierce debate, in the New York Review of Books, on academic blogs, and throughout the internet. So intense was the controversy that it became the subject of a profile in the New York Times. Now updated to include Trump''s election and the rise of global populism, The Reactionary Mind is more relevant than ever.

Voľba, ktorý ukazuje, ako sa oslobodiť od deštruktívnych vzorcov správania a začať sa tešiť zo života. V knihe Dar táto oslavovaná terapeutka podáva povzbudivý a praktický návod, ako zmeniť myslenie a deštruktívne správanie, ktoré z nás robí väzňov. Opisuje dvanásť najčastejších obmedzujúcich pocitov a presvedčení, ako sú ochromujúci strach a smútok, nevyriešený vnútorný hnev, utajovanie a zamlčiavanie právd, vyhýbanie sa nepríjemnej skutočnosti či zveličený pocit viny a hanby. Dve nové kapitoly v závere knihy obsahujú postrehy, ktoré autorka získala počas pandémie: ako si aj v období plnom obmedzení zachovať vnútornú slobodu a užívať si jednoduché radosti života, vrátane spoločne pripravovaného jedla, o ktoré sa podelíme s najbližšími. Vysvetľuje, ako môže byť jedlo hlbokým prejavom lásky a ponúka recepty na svoje obľúbené jedlá, ktoré budú nášmu čitateľovi vzhľadom na autorkin pôvod veľmi blízke.

Kde by sme boli, nebyť týchto prešľapov? Od nepodareného pokusu o vytvorenie elixíru predlžujúceho život, z ktorého vznikol pušný prach, cez neúspešné štúdium medicíny, ktoré viedlo khviezdnej prírodovedeckej kariére Charlesa Darwina, až po poruchu systému na detekciu rakiet, ktorá takmer vyvolala jadrovú vojnu – chod ľudských dejín často formovali zlyhania rôzneho rozsahu. V päťdesiatich kapitolách, ktoré pokrývajú celé tisícročia, sa dozviete, ako svet v dnešnej podobe defi- novali nevydarené plány, nevyužité príležitosti a projekty, ktoré sa mali skončiť katastrofou. Táto fascinujúca zbierka nadrozmerných príbehov a historických prešľapov vám ukáže históriu sveta z takého pohľadu, z akého ste sa na ňu nikdy predtým nepozreli.