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"Csak az a szamuráj tudja ellátni csatlósi teendőit, aki az egyik vállán a hűség és a gyermeki kötelesség, a másikon a bátorság és az irgalom nehéz terhét cipeli éjjel-nappal."

Brian May, creator of the 21st-century incarnation of the London Stereoscopic Company, became an Internet evangelist for 3-D photography during the recent lockdown period, and fired up a whole new community of stereoscopists, all sharing their 3-D pictures on Instagram. For this book, we put out an invitation to this global community to send us their stereoscopic memories of life during the Covid Years. The range of subjects in these entirely new stereo pictures is immense, with more than 100 contributing photographers finding inspiration in Nature, people, pets, architecture, the sky above, and much more. This book is set to become a lasting testament to the evocative power of 3-D photography.

Úchvatné rodinné domy architektů Jána Stempela a Jana Jakuba Tesaře můžete nyní poznat zcela jinak. Jejich autoři vás vezmou na nevšední průzkum svých dosud nerealizovaných staveb. Prohlédnout si je můžete díky vizualizacím, které zpracoval tvůrce digitálních obrazů Stanislav Bažant. Barevné ilustrace doplňují půdorysy a řezy návrhů. Kniha tak otevírá otázku, nad níž se zamýšlí i autorka textu Jana Tichá, co je vlastně už architektonickým dílem a čím se dokonalé vizualizace odlišují od reálných fotografií. Publikace originálním způsobem navazuje na dvě již vydané knihy, v kterých snímky rodinných domů Stempela a Tesaře pořídili přední čeští fotografové Lukáš Jasanský a Filip Šlapal.

A century of classic vampire cinema--in posters, stills and artwork--from Murnau to True Blood and beyond This visual feast celebrates classic vampire cinema--mainstream and niche--through the many colorful ways in which the key films have been marketed and consumed. F.W. Murnau's haunting film Nosferatu had its premiere in Berlin in March 1922. Bram Stoker's widow, Florence, tried hard to sue the production company for breach of copyright but had to settle in the end for a court order to destroy all prints and negatives. The film kept resurrecting, though, and is now considered the first, and one of the greatest, of all vampire movies--the founder of a dynasty of prints of darkness. The bloodline has spread from Nosferatu to Hollywood's Dracula and progeny (1931-48); from Hammer's Dracula/Horror of Dracula and sequels (1958-74) to versions of Sheridan Le Fanu's story "Carmilla" and other lesbian vampires (1970-2020); from the bestselling novels 'Salem's Lot and Interview with the Vampire to vampires who have shed their capes, hereditary titles and period trappings to become assorted smalltown oddballs, addicts, delinquents, psychopaths, rednecks, fashionistas, gay icons, comedians and even comic-book heroes (1975-2022). This book is dripping with stills, posters, artworks, press books--many of which have not seen the light of day for a very long time--and is authored by cultural historian and connoisseur of the Gothic Christopher Frayling, who has been called "the Van Helsing de nos jours." Christopher Frayling (born 1946) is a recognized authority on Gothic fiction and horror movies. His study Vampyres (1978, 1990, 2016) and his classic four-part television series Nightmare: The Birth of Horror (1996) have helped to move Gothic horror from margin to mainstream. He is the author of Frankenstein and Once upon a Time in the West.

Whether it's diamond-encrusted grills, oversized “truck” style chains, bust-down Rolex and Patek Philippe watches or a Tiffany necklace, jewelry is a cornerstone of hip-hop culture. Glittering, blinged-out jewels are the shining statement of a collective identity: unapologetic, charismatic, and street savvy. Spanning the history of hip-hop jewelry, from the 1980s to today, Ice Cold: A Hip-Hop Jewelry History is a stunning compilation of storytelling and visuals. Hundreds of extraordinary images of every major hip-hop artist on record celebrate how “Ice” has become a proclamation of identity and self-expression. Starting with Run-DMC’s gold Adidas pendants and Eric B. & Rakim’s ostentatious dookie rope chains and Mercedes medallions, the jewelry then transforms from street style into a booming design culture. The hip-hop tradition of “show up and show out” reaches new heights with artists like Pharrell Williams, Jay-Z, Gucci Mane, and Cardi B, whose over-the-top pieces integrate unique pop culture references, unconventional materials, and enduring collaborations with artists like Takashi Murakami. Author Vikki Tobak reveals – in great detail – the work of pioneering jewelers such as Tito Caicedo of Manny’s, Eddie Plein, and Jacob the Jeweler as well as newer artisans such as Avianne & Co., Ben Baller/IF & Co., Greg Yuna, Johnny Dang, Eliantte, and many more. Ice Cold is a treasure trove of dazzling, inspirational style, featuring the work of leading photographers, including Wolfgang Tillmans, Janette Beckman, Jamel Shabazz, Timothy White, Gillian Laub, David LaChapelle, Danny Clinch, Chris Buck, Mike Miller, Phil Knott, Raven B. Varona, Al Pereira, Albert Watson and many more. A foreword by hip-hop superstar Slick Rick and essays by A$AP Ferg, LL COOL J, Kevin “Coach K’ Lee and Pierre “P” Thomas of Quality Control Music take us on personal journeys into their jewelry universe. Ice Cold goes beyond the ostentatious bling to reveal a transformative story that is loud and proud.

Phaidon presents Palace Product Descriptions: The Selected Archive, the official printed archive of Palace Skateboard's online product descriptions. Since their debut in 2013, Palace's unconventional descriptors - which often have little or nothing to do with the product being described – have earned a cult following, with readers hooked on every line. Authored by Palace co-founder, Lev Tanju, whose inimitable style essentially tore up the copywriting rulebook, the descriptions are full of humour, pathos, social commentary and unabashed opinion. Eschewing practical details, instead a jacket is described as: TRENDSETTER DON'T THINK SO MATE YOU LOOK LIKE YOU MOONWALKED THROUGH TOPSHOP WITH YOUR EYES CLOSED COVERED IN GLUE Collected here for the first time and printed as they appear online - a few lines set in all caps, formatted as a series of bullet points – the more than 3,000 descriptions are organised into 22 tongue-in-cheek categories, including Anatomy, Animals, Etiquette, Philanthropy, Romance and Travel. The text is interspersed with shots of highly coveted Palace products and chapter openers feature candid, behind-the-scenes images from Palace's archive. At once jokey toilet book and earnest coffee-table opus, this funny and honest volume serves as an essential record of an online phenomenon.

If street art is, in itself, an act of rebellion, it is tragically ironic that the genre seems dominated by men. This exciting book is an important first step in shedding light on the substantial number of women who are gaining fame in the street art world. It brings together the work of 24 artists, through dazzling photographs of their work and intimate portraits of their lives based on interviews collected by award-winning journalist Alessandra Mattanza. On walls, sidewalks, prison cells, grain silos and other nontraditional canvases, these artists tackle ideas around empowerment, feminism, the pink revolution, body shaming and body imagery, racism, and the climate crisis. From Oklahoma City and Brooklyn, Tatyana Fazlalizadeh makes site specific work that considers how people experience race and gender within their surrounding environments. South African multidisciplinary artist Faith XLVII imbues her narratives with a longing for a deeper connection to nature, and a resurrection of the divine feminine. Italy's Camilla Falsini incorporates joyful, bold colors and simple shapes to deliver serious messages about the environment. Shamsia Hassani, one of Afghanistan's first female street artists, makes vibrant murals and paintings in which women play musical instruments as a vehicle for self-expression. Bursting with colorful photographs of works in situ as well as in detail, this thrilling and incisive book proves that street art is not only female-it's the essence of conceptual rebellion itself.

A deep dive into the creative world and personal archive of the master of horror Clive Barker, from Hellraiser and Candyman to today"I've seen the future of horror . . . and his name is Clive Barker." In the mid-1980s, Stephen King inducted a young English novelist into the world of great genre writers, and since then, this genius creator has only continued to expand his field of activity. Created by his two most loyal collaborators, Phil and Sarah Stokes, Clive Barker's Dark Worlds is the first book to shed light on the massive scope of Barker's creative work. With the help of Barker himself, this book contains exclusive insight from those who have worked with him creatively and professionally, alongside analyses of his works and comments over four decades from industry contemporaries and friends such as Ramsey Campbell, Quentin Tarantino, Neil Gaiman, China Mieville, Peter Straub, Armistead Maupin, J.G. Ballard, Wes Craven, and many more. The book spans Barker's world, highlighting classics such as the character Pinhead, an icon in the pantheon of horror cinema; the Hellraiser series of ten films and a forthcoming HBO miniseries; and the cult films Nightbreed and Candyman, the latter of which was rebooted as a Jordan Peele production in 2021. In literature, Barker has written the horror anthology series Books of Blood, which was recently adapted by Hulu, as well as numerous fantasy sagas. Weaveworld and The Great and Secret Show have become instant genre classics, and Abarat is a beloved bestselling series for young adults. In the world of comics, Barker has partnered with major publishers such as Marvel and BOOM! Studios. This tireless creator has also dipped his toes into the worlds of toys, video games, and art, and his incredible collection of paintings, drawings, and photographs have been exhibited in galleries over the world.

The real history of photography is a vast collection of inter- connected stories stretching from East Asia to West Africa, from New Zealand to Uzbekistan. It parallels acknowledged greats with forgotten masters, and lesser-known works with regional champions. It is a complex interplay of fine art, scientific, anthropological, documentary, and amateur traditions forged by women and men alike. Drawn from the extraordinary Solander Collection, this pioneering, alternative history of photography is based on principles of diversity and democracy, allowing famous works to be seen with fresh eyes, and giving more obscure works the platform they deserve. Images by Robert Frank, Diane Arbus, Man Ray, Ansel Adams, and Edward Weston are seen alongside those of Helen Stuart and John Lindt, early, self- trained practitioners Lady Augusta Mostyn and Major Francis Greeley, and African studio photographers Sanle Sory, Michel Kameni, and Malick Sidibe. It contains many rarities and "firsts" and spans photography's early decades with linchpin works by Sir John Herschel, William Henry Fox Talbot, Hippolyte Bayard, and Julia Margaret Cameron. Contemporary in outlook, visually captivating, and with contributions from leading curators and photo historians, this book will prove essential reading for those looking for an introduction to the field, as well as informed readers looking for more complete knowledge.

Internationally renowned dealer and market expert Michael Findlay offers a lively and authoritative look at the financial and emotional value of art throughout history. In this newly revised, updated, and generously illustrated edition Findlay draws on a half-century in the business and a passion for great art to question and redefine what we mean by "value," addressing developments in this conversation since the book was first published in 2012: the rise of NFTs and digital art; the auction house as theatre; the pressing relationship between art and society's fraught political landscape; and the impact of the pandemic. With style and wry wit, Findlay demystifies how art is bought and sold while also constantly looking beyond sales figures to emphasize the primacy of art's essential, noncommercial worth. Coloring his account with wise advice, insider anecdotes involving scoundrels and scams, stories of celebrity collectors, and remarkable discoveries, Findlay has distilled a lifetime's experience in this indispensable guide, now updated for today's sophisticated and discerning audience.

Join Kinfolk on a journey off the beaten track, to islands big and small, in this collection of eighteen new travel stories. Whether it's a tour of the otherworldly landscape of Socotra in Yemen or a hike into the old growth of a Japanese forest on Yakushima, each slow travel itinerary invites you to set sail at a pace that allows for true discovery and immersion. Filled with ideas and inspiration for where to escape, explore and unwind, Kinfolk Islands is full of vibrant photography, practical guidance and thoughtful reflections on why the idea of an island embodies so many of our travel fantasies. There are the charms of urban islands, including Montreal's beloved Mile End neighborhood. Truly unexpected destinations, like Hormuz, off the coast of Iran, with its psychedelic scenery and bohemian spirit. Italy's sun-soaked Ponza, perfect for languid afternoons. And of course some of the world's most beautiful beaches, from jungle-fringed Caribbean sands to rugged and remote Nordic shores. Believing that travel is as much a state of mind as an action or itinerary, Kinfolk celebrates a way of exploring our world that not only fosters thoughtful perspectives on the places we visit but also deepens our relationship with home once the journey is over.

Syn zámožného advokát Filipa Messera a Berty, rozené Heim; oba byli židovského původu a německého jazyka. V roce 1900 se M. přestěhoval do Budapešti a nechal si úředně změnit příjmení na „Meszlény“, od r. 1902 studoval na zdejší univerzitě filologii, v r. 1908 tu obhájil práci věnovanou dílu H. W. von Gerstenberg. V letech 1909–14 žil ve Švýcarsku – nejprve v Bernu, poté v Ženevě (z této doby pochází několik jeho knižních monografií a především série statí publikovaných zejména v berlínském časopise Die Grenzboten), v r. 1912 se habilitoval na ženevské filozofické fakultě. Po vypuknutí války načas zakotvil v Poznani a redigoval tu časopis Aus dem Posener Lande, během r. 1915 musel narukovat. V r. 1917 byl vojenské povinnosti zproštěn a začal vyučovat na obchodní akademii v Pozsony/Pressburgu. V r. 1918 vyšla konečně knižně první část jeho monografie o Carlu Spittelerovi (Karl Spitteler und das neudeutsche Epos). V poválečné Bratislavě zůstal zakotven až do r. 1922; podílel se na provozu místního Uměleckého spolku, v r. 1920 vydával měsíčník Das Riff. V r. 1922 se stal lektorem němčiny na pražské české filozofické fakultě, rok nato se tu neúspěšně pokusil o habilitaci, pokračoval nicméně v práci lektora. Zásadní platformu našel už v té době v deníku Prager Presse, kam přispíval texty o literatuře, avšak postupně především o aktuální kunsthistorické či výtvarněkritické produkci. Do roku 1940 M. spojil síly také s redakcemi několika dalších periodik – nejvýrazněji s časopisy Kunst für Alle, Svobodný zednář, Forum, Dílo a Filosofická revue, v roce 1938 vyšel knižně jeho diptych Jak se dívat na obrazy a Jak se dívat na sochy. Válku přežil, k transportu do Terezína nastoupil až v únoru 1945. I po válce vyučoval na pražské filozofické fakultě, v textech publikovaných do r. 1948 se zabýval zejména evropskou lyrikou, měl pravděpodobně v plánu vydat další větší rilkovskou práci, na což nedošlo. Poslední lektorské kurzy si odbyl v r. 1958. Kniha je v první řadě výborem z textů Richarda Messera (Meszlénye/Meßlenyho). Většinu jich publikoval německy, a protože texty jsou ponechány v původním znění (a na tom základě pouze edičně upraveny), výsledná antologie je dominantně německojazyčná. Vzniklý korpus, čítající větší stati i drobné recenzní glosy, má vybídnout k zevrubnějšímu – byť průřezovému – seznámení s okruhy témat, jimž M. věnoval pozornost, má být příležitostí k nahlédnutí jedné specifické intelektuální dráhy, v jejích konkrétních artikulacích a dis/kontinuitách. Jednu z dlouholetých linek M. záběru otevírá hned úvodní stať věnovaná dílu C. Spittelera. Jeho eposy se mu staly středem úvah o spektru epických žánrů a možnostech eposu v moderním literárním diskurzu, v těchto souvislostech se zabýval také dramatickou tvorbou J. W. Goetha a Ch. F. Hebbela, prozaickými novinkami „mladých Švýcarů“ a později také dílem R. M. Rilka; provázanost látky a určité (totiž švýcarské) státně-politické idey sledoval v knize Tell-Probleme. Švýcarské prostředí mocně stimulovalo také M. interes o výtvarné umění, který se přelil i do pokusů výtvarněkritických či kunsthistorických, soustředěných zejména k pracím F. Hodlera, G. Giacomettiho a C. Amieta. V těchto dvou vrstvách se M. psaní pohybovalo i po další desetiletí, s převahou druhé z nich v letech první republiky, resp. až do r. 1940, z něhož pochází poslední text našeho výboru. Po druhé světové válce de facto M. coby výtvarný kritik/historik umlká, vraceje se k fascinaci dílem Rilkovým – ovšem v obecnějším kontextu pojmu moderní lyriky. Zvláštní složku utváří několik textů programních, v nichž M. exponoval svou pozici kulturněpolitickou: z nich byla do výboru zařazena dvojice textů z období tajemnického působení v bratislavském Uměleckém spolku (1919), dále stati Die wirtschaftliche Verantwortung (1921), Wege zur Einheit (1924), Kaserne rechts, die Kirche links, die Maurer in der Mitte (1930) a Ziele und Wege (1936).

Sit back, relax and relive the memories of over 90 more classic albums selected by Tim Burgess from his legendary Listening Parties In less than 2 years, tens of thousands of music lovers have pressed play at the same time as legendary musicians to share the communal experience of a Listening Party. Over 1,000 online events, fans and artists - from McCartney to Blondie, Joy Division to Iron Maiden - have shared insightful recollections, intimate conversations and behind-the-scenes revelations. This follow-up to the bestselling The Listening Party Volume 1 gathers together over 90 more of the most essential parties and celebrates the unique power of a Listening Party to connect music creators with listeners. It's an appropriate tribute to the unifying power of music and how it continues to enthral millions around the world every single day.

A full-colour illustrated compendium chronicling the magical twenty-year journey of acclaimed art and design studio, MinaLima, the creative genius behind the graphics for the Harry Potter film series. "It all started with a letter . . ." Miraphora Mina and Eduardo Lima began their extraordinary partnership in 2001 when Warner Bros. invited them to realize the imaginative visual universe of the Harry Potter film series. The two artists would never have guessed that the graphic props they designed for the films - including the Hogwarts acceptance letter, Marauder's Map, Daily Prophet newspaper, The Quibbler, and Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes - would become cultural icons loved by Wizarding World fans around the world. Eight years later, the pair formed their own design studio, MinaLima, and expanded their work to include the graphics for the Wizarding World of Harry Potter - Diagon Alley and Hogsmeade at Universal Orlando Resort and the Fantastic Beasts film series. To showcase their treasury of designs, the studio has opened House of MinaLima, its immersive art galleries, and shops in London and across the world. The Magic of MinaLima is an illustrated history and celebration of Mina and Lima's twenty-year evolution and groundbreaking vision. Their wondrous creations illuminate the Wizarding World as never before, and their commentary offers insights into the imaginative thinking that shaped their designs. This collection showcases the very best works from the award-winning studio's two decades and includes interactive elements such as the Marauder's Map, the Black Family Tapestry, and Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes. Designed to delight and enchant, The Magic of MinaLima will be an invaluable resource for Wizarding World and graphic art fans alike

Adolf Zika se po tříleté odmlce vrátil do světa umělecké fotografie. Jedná se o jeho celkově osmou fotografickou knihu, přičemž jako samostatná kniha uměleckých aktů je tato publikace v pořadí již třetí. Publikace je složená pouze z fotografií, které ještě nikdy knižně nevyšly a nebyly ani nikdy publikovány v tisku. Po úspěšných titulech Luxurious Luminiscence a In the Shadow of Light je tak nejnovější dílo doplněním fotografické práce Adolfa Ziky v letech 1996–2021.

The music that would come to be known as hip-hop was born at a party in the Bronx in the summer of 1973. Now, fifty years later, it’s the most popular music genre in America. Just as jazz did in the first half of the twentieth century, hip-hop and its groundbreaking DJs and artists—nearly all of them people of colour from some of America’s most overlooked communities—pushed the boundaries of music to new frontiers, while transfixing the country’s youth and reshaping fashion, art, and even language. And yet, the stories of many hip-hop pioneers and their individual contributions in the pre-Internet days of mixtapes and word of mouth are rarely heard—and some are at risk of being lost forever. Now, in The Come Up, the New York Times bestselling author Jonathan Abrams offers the most comprehensive account so far of hip-hop’s rise, a multi-decade chronicle told in the voices of the people who made it happen. In more than three hundred interviews conducted over three years, Abrams has captured the stories of the DJs, executives, producers, and artists who both witnessed and themselves forged the history of hip-hop. Masterfully combining these voices into a seamless symphonic narrative, Abrams traces how the genre grew out of the resourcefulness of a neglected population in the South Bronx, and from there how it flowed into New York City’s other boroughs, and beyond—from electrifying live gatherings, then on to radio and vinyl, below to the Mason-Dixon Line, west to Los Angeles through gangster rap and G-funk, and then across generations. Abrams has on record Grandmaster Caz detailing hip-hop’s infancy, Edward “Duke Bootee” Fletcher describing the origins of “The Message,” DMC narrating his role in introducing hip-hop to the mainstream, Ice Cube recounting N.W.A’s breakthrough and breakup, Kool Moe Dee recalling his Grammys boycott, and countless more key players. Throughout, Abrams conveys with singular vividness the drive, the stakes, and the relentless creativity that ignited one of the greatest revolutions in modern music. The Come Up is an exhilarating behind-the-scenes account of how hip-hop came to rule the world—and an essential contribution to music history.

Vizuálně poutavá kniha je testamentem jedinečné spolupráce, trvající již tři dekády, mezi fotografem a ilustrátorem Mattem Mahurinem a hudebníkem Tomem Waitsem. Mahurin, který s Waitsem nafotil obaly časopisů, obaly alb a natočil hudební videoklipy, vzkřísil filmové negativy uložené ke spánku, z čehož se stal odrazový můstek pro zkoumání jeho vlastních surreálních, poetických a občas i temných vizí. Obrazy jsou různé, od tradičních portrétů, které Toma zachycují na koncertě – ale většina z nich jsou bohatě imaginativní výjevy, v nichž je Waits spíše múzou než hudebníkem. Vedle různorodých obrazů kniha obsahuje předmluvu Toma Waitse, Mahurinovu esej o jejich dlouholeté spolupráci a dvacet původních kreseb, maleb, fotografií a digitálních ilustrací inspirovaných názvy Waitsových písní. Matt Mahurin je americký ilustrátor, fotograf a filmový režisér. Mahurinovy práce se objevily v časopisech a novinách Time, Newsweek, Mother Jones, Rolling Stone, New York Times, Muzeu moderního umění a na filmovém festivalu Sundance. Jeho fotografie jsou součástí stálé expozice v Metropolitním muzeu umění. Udělal též fotografické eseje o vězeňském systému v Texasu, psychiatrických léčebnách, Nikaragui, Belfastu a Haiti. Jako režisér natáčel videoklipy Toma Waitse, U2, Metalliky, Stinga, Davida Byrnea, Lou Reeda a Joni Mitchellové a tři celovečerní filmy. Žije v Kalifornii. Tom Waits je americký písničkář, hudebník, skladatel a herec. Za alba Bone Machine a Mule Variations získal Grammy a za hudbu k filmu One from the Heart byl v roce 1983 nominován na Oscara. V roce 2016 obdrželi Waits a jeho manželka Kathleen Brennanová literární ocenění PEN za písňový text. V roce 2011 byl Waits uveden do Rock&rollové síně slávy.

Publikace Senzační realismus dokumentuje ojedinělou Pištěkovu výstavní prezentaci v Alšově jihočeské galerii v Hluboké nad Vltavou, která byla zaměřena výhradně na malířovu hyperrealistickou fázi, s lehkými náznaky přesahu k jeho evropským či americkým druhům. Malíř byl na tomto výstavním projektu představen v pokud možno komplexním přehledu jeho nejznámějších a ikonických děl, které vznikaly zejména od první poloviny 70. let 20. století do první poloviny následné dekády; malíř se však ke svému svébytnému realismu průběžně vracel až do doby nedávné. V kontextu tvorby Theodora Pištěka (nar. 25. října 1932 v Praze) je tak navýsost napínavé srovnání jeho přístupu s americkým hyperrealistou Richardem Estesem, a také s tendencí evropského malířství, které z realismu vycházelo (Jacques Monory, Gerhard Richter, Gérard Gasiorowski) či na něj bezprostředně navázalo (Gottfried Heinvein). The catalogue Sensational Realism illustrates a unique exhibition of Pištěk’s artwork in the South Bohemian Gallery in Hluboká nad Vltavou, which focused specifically on his hyper-realistic era with a hint of his European and American comrades’ paintings. The painter was introduced in a complex overview by his pivotal and iconic works from the beginning of the 1970s till the first half of the next decade, nevertheless, he was returning to his distinctive realism until recently. In the context of Theodor Pištěk’s (born 25th October 1932 in Prague) work it’s utterly thrilling on the one hand to compare his approach to American hyperrealist Richard Estes, and on the other, to the tendencies of European painting, which are based on realism (Jacques Monory, Gerhard Richter or Gérard Gasiorowski) or they immediately follow up on realism (Gottfried Helnwein).

What are the unique properties of the photobook? A practitioner’s material analysis of the form The photobook gives shape to arrangements and sequences of photographs and brings them into a sensually tangible form. The book format, the materiality of the paper and the type of binding have just as much effect on the viewer as the selection of images, their positioning in the layout, typography and text. In Thinking the Photobook, photographer and theorist Bettina Lockemann approaches the medium from a research perspective, enumerating the various properties that are unique to the form and that distinguish it from other kinds of visual publication.