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O dokonalosti
Ve spise O dokonalosti vychází Řehoř především z pavlovských listů, které poukazují na význam různých christologických titulů. Nazývat se „křesťan", což je slovo odvozené od jména Kristus, je podle Řehoře zavazující a je to právě Kristovo jméno, jímž se jednotlivec má v životě nechat vést. Křesťanská dokonalost znamená mít v duši, ve slovech i ve všem, co člověk v průběhu života dělá, účast na jménech, jimiž je označován Kristus. Řehoř ukazuje, jak mohou křesťané napodobovat svého Pána, a tak získávat podíl na jeho titulech, jako je „velekněz", „pokrm a nápoj" nebo třeba „úhelný kámen". Svými výklady navazuje na alexandrijskou exegetickou tradici, což je patrné například v jeho interpretaci Krista jako počátku či principu nového stvoření.
Spolu se svým bratrem Basilem z Kaisareie a přítelem Řehořem z Nazianzu patří Řehoř z Nyssy (cca 335–cca 395 po Kr.) k trojici velkých kappadockých theologů, kteří položili základy křesťanského učení v návaznosti na biblické poselství a dědictví řecké filosofie. Úvodní studii napsala Markéta Dudziková.
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Neexistujeme. Ale to nevadí
V knize vás autor provede cestou zkoumání povahy mysli, mozku a vědomí. Je vaše mysl jen elektrochemickým cirkusem ve vašem mozku? Nebo je tu něco víc? Připravte se na to, že vás autor vtáhne do světa, kde se mysl nachází všude, dokonce i ve stromech, písku na pláži, a nebo třeba ve vašem vysavači. S vtipem a srozumitelností, díky nimž složité filozofické myšlenky zpřístupní i vaší babičce, vás tato kniha zve na intelektuální dobrodružství, které možná změní váš pohled na sebe sama i svět kolem vás. Pokud jste někdy pochybovali o svém místě v kosmu, nebo prostě jen hledáte knihu, která vám rozproudí mozkové závity, právě jste ji našli.
Například růže
Zvířata, rostliny, hvězdy,
předměty a všechno, co vidíme i nevidíme.
Co existuje, existovalo nebo by mohlo existovat.
Tahle kniha zve děti i dospělé,
aby pojmenovávali, objevovali a zpochybňovali.
Aby si hráli se slovy, obrázky a významy,
které se mezi řádky proměňují.
Ze začátku je to jednoduché:
banán, medvěd, klouzačka, pračka.
Dvouleté děti budou nadšené, že všechno má jméno.
Později si začnou všímat, co spolu souvisí.
A kolem čtvrtého roku přijdou první velké otázky.
A růže?
Slovo růže je růže?
Obrázek růže je růže?
Má slovo růže vůni?
Má barvu?
Můžeme ho někomu darovat?
Tohle není knížka na jedno čtení.
Je to prostor, který roste s dítětem.
A možná i s vámi.
The End of Enlightenment
'A brilliant work of intellectual interpretation by our foremost historian of Enlightenment ideas. Whatmore rescues the Enlightenment from today's circular debates and places it where it belongs: in the pulsing, chaotic era of its genesis and demise' Christopher de Bellaigue
The Enlightenment is popularly seen as the Age of Reason, a key moment in human history when ideals such as freedom, progress, natural rights and constitutional government prevailed. In this radical re-evaluation, historian Richard Whatmore shows why, for many at its centre, the Enlightenment was a profound failure.
By the early eighteenth century, hope was widespread that Enlightenment could be coupled with toleration, the progress of commerce and the end of the fanatic wars of religion that were destroying Europe. At its heart was the battle to establish and maintain liberty in free states - and the hope that absolute monarchies such as France and free states like Britain might even subsist together, equally respectful of civil liberties. Yet all of this collapsed when states pursued wealth and empire by means of war. Xenophobia was rife and liberty itself turned fanatic.
The End of Enlightenment traces the changing perspectives of economists, philosophers, politicians and polemicists around the world, including figures as diverse as David Hume, Adam Smith, Edmund Burke and Mary Wollstonecraft. They had strived to replace superstition with reason, but witnessed instead terror and revolution, corruption, gross commercial excess and the continued growth of violent colonialism.
Returning us to these tumultuous events and ideas, and digging deep into the thought of the men and women who defined their age, Whatmore offers a lucid exploration of disillusion and intellectual transformation, a brilliant meditation on our continued assumptions about the past, and a glimpse of the different ways our world might be structured - especially as the problems addressed at the end of Enlightenment are still with us today.
Zoroastrianism and Contemporary Philosophy
Zoroastrianism is a religion with a long history, but it has been comparatively neglected by contemporary philosophers. This Element aims to bring aspects of its long intellectual history into conversation with contemporary Anglo-American philosophy. Section 1 provides an introduction to Zoroastrianism and its history, some of the important texts, and some contemporary philosophy engaged with Zoroastrian themes. Section 2 discusses distinctive contributions Zoroastrian thought can make to the problems of evil and suffering. And Section 3 discusses a 'quasi-universalist' approach to puzzles about heaven and salvation, inspired by Zoroastrian theological texts. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Colors of the Concepts
This short monograph explores the intersection of philosophy and painting, examining how major thinkers from Hegel to Merleau-Ponty developed key concepts through their engagement with specific artworks. Unlike traditional surveys, my book focuses on philosophers’ ideas as they emerged from concrete encounters with paintings, offering both scholars and general readers fresh insight into philosophical thought. By analysing these interactions, the book illuminates the often-overlooked connection between visual art and abstract reasoning, tracing the evolution of philosophical ideas through tangible, visual experiences. This approach not only bridges aesthetics with other philosophical branches but also presents a unique contribution to the history of ideas, demonstrating how painting has shaped philosophical thoughts. Ultimately, this work provides a novel perspective on familiar philosophical concepts, revealing the profound influence of art on intellectual history.
The Quest for Liberation
Contemporary debate on cosmopolitanism routinely refers to Immanuel Kant as its intellectual origin. A group of Chinese and German-speaking thinkers in the early twentieth century, however, used classical Chinese philosophy as an alternative intellectual genealogy to reimagine ethics, politics, society, and modernity for the entire world. Their engagement with Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism broadens the scope of global intellectual history to include a non-European origin of concepts and ideas. Due to the differences in their local crises, the Chinese and the European stories are often narrated in separate national and cultural contexts. Bridging the critical divide between China and the West, The Quest for Liberation examines the thinkers’ shared interest in Chinese philosophy and their common effort to envision a world culture other than Western modernity. Breaking with the common logic of either studying the reception and adaptation of Western ideas in the East or critiquing the misrepresentation of the East in the West, Zhang’s book emphasizes entanglements between Chinese and European thinkers and highlights their quest for liberation in a globalizing world. Their visions of an ontological commons for everyone help us imagine a better world community in our time of global crises, beyond the clash of civilizations. This book is available from the publisher on an open access basis.
State of Others
State of Others: Levinas and Decolonial Israel explores the relations between post-Holocaust Jewish thought and postcolonial thought through the work of Emmanuel Levinas. In the last decade, thinkers have criticized Levinas for his Eurocentrism; however, author Elad Lapidot argues that Levinas anticipated this critique and, from the 1960s onward, began setting the foundations for decolonial Jewish thought - and for decolonial Zionism. State of Others offers an innovative analysis of Levinas's intellectual project as articulated around a turn in the year 1968. This turn relates to the relationship between Judaism and Western civilization. Prior to 1968, Levinas considered the historical Jewish collective, Israel, as the avant-garde of Western humanism. After 1968, with the rise of decolonial discourse, Levinas's concept of Israel shifts roles and becomes the paradigmatic victim of Western imperialism. State of Others demonstrates how Levinas simultaneously developed his dual narratives - before and after the pivotal year of 1968 - across his philosophical and Jewish writings, with a special emphasis on the Talmudic Readings. It presents for the first time a cohesive overview of Levinas's writings, both early and late, as interconnected components of a singular intellectual endeavor. The ethical principles concerning the other, as articulated by Levinas, are conceptually linked to his reflections on the State of Israel.
Filosofické drobty aneb trocha filosofie
Filosofické drobty patří ke Kierkegaardovým nejvýznamnějším dílům, mimo jiné i proto, že obsahují většinu základních pojmů jeho myšlení. Fiktivním autorem textu je Johannes Climacus a jeho úvahy se točí kolem otázky poznání věčné (tedy ne historické) pravdy. Své pojednání nazývá "myšlenkovým projektem" neboli experimentem. Ten spočívá v rozvinutí úvah, jak jinak by mohlo probíhat poznání věčné pravdy než prostřednictvím sókratovského tázání. K závěru, že alternativou je křesťanská víra, se Climacus dopracuje až po vyloučení možnosti, že by analyzovaný hypotetický způsob poznání mohl být metodou filosofickou nebo historickou. Autor křesťanství přímo neobhajuje, volbu mezi sókratovskou a křesťanskou alternativou nechává na čtenáři. Přitom ukazuje, že důsledný myslitel nemůže dojít ke třetí, hegelovské alternativě, která tehdy v dánské filosofii i teologii převládala a vycházela z předpokladu, že věčná pravda prodělává historický vývoj a že tento vývoj lze postupně rozumově poznat.
Kritika kultu osobnosti
Publikace prof. Karla Skalického zkoumá kult osobnosti jako opakující se fenomén, který proniká z totalitních režimů do dnešní společnosti. Autor kriticky analyzuje ideologii, jež oslabuje lidskou svobodu, a vyzývá k odpoutání se od dogmat a k hledání nové cesty ke skutečné lidskosti. Autorem eseje z roku 1978 je Karel Skalický (nar. 1934), teolog a filosof, římskokatolický kněz, redaktor, spisovatel, univerzitní pedagog. Je emeritním profesorem Papežské Lateránské univerzity v Římě (Pontificia Universit? La te ranense) a Jihočeské univerzity v Českých Budějovicích. Mezi lety 1956—1994 pobýval v římském exilu.
On Friendship and Old Age
This edition compiles two of Marcus Tullius Cicero''s best known essays that are as relevant today as they were when first published in ancient Rome in 44 BC.''On Friendship'' imparts important wisdom on navigating friendships and what it takes to be a good friend. Often seen as a guide to contentment, ''On Old Age'' highlights the opportunities that come with entering the later stages of life. This enlightening volume is filled with contemplation and sincere guidance that promises to empower any reader looking to better understand the human condition and adopt a more positive and appreciative mindset.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Arcturus Classics series brings together high-quality paperback editions of classics works, presented with contemporary graphic cover designs. Together they make a wonderful collection which is perfect for any home library.
Fear and Trembling
This thought-provoking book challenges ideas on morality and religion while addressing the nature of faith and the power it has to guide humans and define they way they live their lives. Focussing on Abraham''s willingness to sacrifice his son, Isaac, to God, the renowned nineteenth-century philosopher Soren Kierkegaard investigates what it takes to submit oneself to their faith and have complete trust in God. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Arcturus Classics series brings together high-quality paperback editions of classics works, presented with contemporary graphic cover designs. Together they make a wonderful collection which is perfect for any home library.
The Happiness of Dogs
If a dog could write a book of philosophy, what would it contai? f you have spent part of your life with a dog, you may find certain questions popping, unbidden, into your mind. Is my dog living a fulfilled life? Is my dog a good dog? Does my dog love me? This, however only scratches the surface of a canine philosophy. Drawing on his life lived with dogs (two German shepherds, the amiable Hugo and his dark twin Shadow; Brenin, a wolf hybrid, and Tess his wolf dog daughter; and Nina, a German shepherd/malamute mix), on the ideas of philosophers from Socrates to Hume and Sartre, and on the cutting edge psychology of canine cognition, philosopher Mark Rowlands explores the way dogs experience the world to bring us closer to an understanding of ourselves. While dogs feel unparalleled joy and focus in the moment, humans are burdened by the disquietude of anxiety, doubt and even anguish. Happiness for dogs can be achieved in the daily chase of a squirrel, for humans it is much more elusive. Digging deep into their morality, freedoms, consciousness, intelligence and love of life, Rowlands discovers that dogs have a unique way of existing which amounts to a different philosophical outlook altogether - if they could write such a thing - and that they may have better answers to the meaning of life than we do.
Collected Works of Erasmus
Volume 79 in the Collected Works of Erasmus series presents two works written by Erasmus in a controversy with the Carthusian monk Pierre Cousturier. Erasmus had ignited controversy throughout Europe with his criticisms of the Vulgate in current use and his attempts to produce better texts and better Latin translations of Scripture, as well as a new version of the Greek New Testament. Erasmus’s work came under the scrutiny of the Paris faculty of theology. The resulting controversy between Erasmus and various Paris theologians culminated in a formal censure of both vernacular translations of the Bible and new Latin translations from Hebrew and Greek sources. In 1522, Pierre Cousturier began to attack humanist translators in a series of publications, arguing for the accuracy and divine inspiration of the commonly used Latin Bible, which rendered further Latin translations unnecessary, even dangerous. The fact that Cousturier had a doctorate in theology from Paris and was highly regarded in the Paris basin as a reformer prompted Erasmus to reply in order to clarify his textual and theological principles and their implications. In his Apologia against Cousturier and the subsequent Appendix, Erasmus offers some of his most important reflections on his aim to cultivate humanistic and linguistic expertise in the service of advancing the Gospel.
Aesthetics of the Familiar
Yuriko Saito explores the nature and significance of the aesthetic dimensions of people''s everyday life. Everyday aesthetics has the recognized value of enriching one''s life experiences and sharpening one''s attentiveness and sensibility. Saito draws out its broader importance for how we make our worlds, environmentally, morally, as citizens and consumers. Saito urges that we have a social responsibility to encourage cultivation of aesthetic literacy and vigilance against aesthetic manipulation. Yuriko Saito argues that ultimately, everyday aesthetics can be an effective instrument for directing the humanity''s collective and cumulative world-making project for the betterment of all its inhabitants. Everyday aesthetics has been seen as a challenge to contemporary Anglo-American aesthetics discourse, which is dominated by the discussion of art and beauty. Saito responds to controversies about the nature, boundary, and status of everyday aesthetics and argues for its legitimacy. She highlights the multi-faceted aesthetic dimensions of everyday life that are not fully accounted for by the commonly-held account of defamiliarizing the familiar.
The Organism
Organisms are central for biology. However, conceptualizing the unit of the organism is not easy. This Element discusses challenges to base biological reasoning and practice on the concept of organism. After many decades dominated by the paradigm of the gene, the organism is making a comeback in the bio- and biomedical sciences. It is again recognized as a causally efficacious, autonomous, and active unit that transcends the properties of genes and affects its own development and evolution – especially in fields like epigenetics, niche construction theory, and evolutionary developmental biology. This Element investigates these developments from a perspective of integrated history and philosophy of science. It focuses on conceptual, biotheoretical, and historical dimensions, as well as sociopolitical and anthropological aspects of today's 'return of the organism.' In particular, it discusses solutions for challenges of organism-centered biosciences in the 21st century. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Africana Philosophy from Ancient Egypt to the Nineteenth Century
In this latest instalment of the series A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps, Peter Adamson and Chike Jeffers delve into the fascinating world of Africana Philosophy. Africana Philosophy from Ancient Egypt to the Nineteenth Century is the first of two volumes in the History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps series to bring readers the story of Africana philosophy. This diverse topic is defined as philosophy emerging from and distinctively related to Africa or the African diaspora. The story starts at the very beginning by asking what it would mean to engage philosophically with evidence left by prehistoric peoples of Africa, and proceeds to discuss the philosophical traditions of ancient Egypt, late ancient and early modern Ethopia, and Islamic philosophy in West Africa. A number of chapters then explore the idea of philosophy in African oral traditions, considering the methodological debates that have raged between African philosophers like John Mbiti, Paulin Hountondji, and Henry Odera Oruka. Peter Adamson and Chike Jeffers also consider philosophical responses to the situation brought about by the transatlantic slave trade and the early colonization of Africa. Starting from early figures like Anton Wilhelm Amo and Phillis Wheatley, and the ideas that drove the Haitian Revolution, extensive discussion is then given to Africana philosophy of the nineteenth century. The incendiary ideas of David Walker, the nuanced rhetoric of Frederick Douglass, and the clashing approaches of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois are among the highlights here. Significant attention is given to female thinkers like Maria W. Stewart, Sojourner Truth, Anna Julia Cooper, and Ida B. Wells. The coverage is also geographically diverse, with chapters on figures who worked not only in Africa and the United States, but also Brazil, Canada, Britain, France, and the Caribbean.
Hegel’s World Revolutions
A new account of the relevance of Hegel’s ideas for today’s world, countering the postwar anti-Hegel "insurgency"G.W.F. Hegel was widely seen as the greatest philosopher of his age. Ever since, his work has shaped debates about issues as varied as religion, aesthetics and metaphysics. His most lasting contribution was his vision of history and politics. In Hegel’s World Revolutions, Richard Bourke returns to Hegel’s original arguments, clarifying their true import and illuminating their relevance to contemporary society. Bourke shows that central to Hegel’s thought was his anatomy of the modern world. On the one hand he claimed that modernity was a deliverance from subjection, but on the other he saw it as having unleashed the spirit of critical reflection. Bourke explores this predicament in terms of a series of world revolutions that Hegel believed had ushered in the rise of civil society and the emergence of the constitutional state. Bourke interprets Hegel’s thought, with particular reference to his philosophy of history, placing it in the context of his own time. He then recounts the reception of Hegel’s political ideas, largely over the course of the twentieth century. Countering the postwar revolt against Hegel, Bourke argues that his disparagement by major philosophers has impoverished our approach to history and politics alike. Challenging the condescension of leading thinkers—from Heidegger and Popper to Lévi-Strauss and Foucault—the book revises prevailing views of the relationship between historical ideas and present circumstances.
Aristotles Guide to Self-Persuasion
Show yourself who's in charge using the original art of persuasion, backed by contemporary pop culture examples that make transforming your habits and achieving goals easy, even fun-from the New York Times bestselling author of Thank You for Arguing
Rhetoric once sat at the centre of elite education. Alexander the Great, Shakespeare and Martin Luther King, Jr. used it to build empires, write deathless literature and inspire democracies. Here, Heinrichs shows us how these persuasive tools, honed over more than three thousand years of use persuading others, can be turned on our most difficult audiences - ourselves. Using techniques invented by the likes of Aristotle and Cicero and deployed by some of history's most persuasive characters, we see how rhetoric can convert the gloomiest of situations into positive ones.
Illustrated with examples from history and pop culture - Winston Churchill, Iron Man, Dolly Parton, and the woman who serendipitously invented the chocolate chip cookie - Aristotle's Guide to Self-Persuasion tests the tools of self-persuasion and asks: Can the same techniques that seduce lovers, sell diet books and overturn governments help us achieve our most desired goals?
Filled with entertaining and scientific studies that showcase the life-changing power of language, Aristotle's Guide to Self-Persuasion will teach you how to be the most successful person you can be, just by talking to yourself.
Filozofická literatúra obsahuje široký výber kníh a diel, ktoré vás zavedú do sveta myslenia, poznania a existencie. Knihy o filozofii podnecujú hlboké uvažovanie o základných otázkach ľudskej skúsenosti a prinášajú významné myšlienky a teórie od svetoznámych filozofov.
V kategórii Filozofia nájdete diela od najznámejších filozofov, ako je Platón, Aristoteles, Immanuel Kant či Friedrich Nietzsche. Ich myšlienky a teórie formovali filozofické disciplíny ako etika, metafyzika, politika a ďalšie.
Nájdete tu knihy, ktoré sa zaoberajú otázkami o podstate poznania, morálky a ľudskej existencie.
Okrem svetových autorov sa môžete tiež zoznámiť so slovenskými filozofmi, ako je Martin Heidegger a Miroslav Marcelli, ktorí prispeli k rozvoju filozofických myšlienok a teórií.
Objavte rozmanitosť prístupov a perspektív, ktoré vám pomôžu hlbšie porozumieť mysleniu, existencii a spoločnosti.
