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Logical Pluralism
Logical pluralism is the view that there is more than one correct logic. This view emerged in a dialectical context in which certain laws of logic were hotly debated by philosophers. For example, philosophers have spilled a great deal of ink over the logical principle of explosion ('from a contradiction, everything follows'). One side in the debate accepts this principle, the other side rejects it. It is exceedingly natural to assume that these rival points of view are incompatible, hence one side of the debate is correct while the other is incorrect. This is logical monism: the view that there is exactly one correct logic. Pluralists argue that the monistic assumption is subtly and surprisingly wrong. According to the pluralist, some logics that appear to be irreconcilable rivals are, in fact, both correct in their own ways. This Element will explain the debate over logical pluralism in an accessible manner.
Wittgenstein on Private Language, Sensation and Perception
Wittgenstein's critique of private language in the Philosophical Investigations does not attempt to refute the possibility of a private sensation-language, let alone in any one argument, as has often been thought. Nor does it aim to establish that language is intrinsically social. Instead, PI §§243–315 presents a series of arguments, suggestions, questions, examples and thought-experiments whose purpose is to undermine the temptation to think of sensations and perceptual experiences as private objects occupying a private phenomenal space. These themes are clear developments of Wittgenstein's earlier critique of sense-datum theories (1929–1936) and his insight that naming is more complex than he had assumed in the Tractatus.
Ikigai
We all have an ikigai.
It's the Japanese word for 'a reason to live' or 'a reason to jump out of bed in the morning'.
It's the place where your needs, desires, ambitions, and satisfaction meet. A place of balance. Small wonder that finding your ikigai is closely linked to living longer.
Finding your ikigai is easier than you might think. This book will help you work out what your own ikigai really is, and equip you to change your life. You have a purpose in this world: your skills, your interests, your desires and your history have made you the perfect candidate for something. All you have to do is find it.
Do that, and you can make every single day of your life joyful and meaningful.
Stoikův deník pro každý den
Stoická filozofie je už více než dva tisíce let tajným operačním systémem, který ku svému prospěchu užívají moudří vůdci, sportovci, geniální myslitelé i obyčejní lidé. A díky bestsellerům jako Klíčem je klid, Překážka jako cesta nebo Odvaha volá se Ryanu Holidayovi povedlo přiblížit nadčasové myšlenky Marca Aurelia, Senecy, Epiktéta a dalších stoických myslitelů statisícům nových čtenářů po celém světě.
Po bestselleru Stoikův průvodce pro každý den přichází Ryan Holiday společně se Stephenem Hanselmanem s deníkem, který vám umožní si k těmto podnětům rovnou zapsat a utřídit své vlastní myšlenky.
Co můžete od deníku očekávat?
Praktický úvod do starověké filozofie stoicismu,
52 sekcí s vysvětlením konkrétních aspektů stoické praxe,
související citáty inspirující k hlubšímu zamyšlení,
366 otázek s prostorem pro vaši ranní přípravu na den a večerní reflexi,
doplňující zdroje ke studiu stoické moudrosti.
Tento deník je doprovodným svazkem pro lidi, kteří si již oblíbili knihu Stoikův průvodce pro každý den. Lze jej ale používat jako samostatný deník, i pokud jste předchozí knihy Ryana Holidaye nečetli.
Otázky v deníku neberte jako sadu přikázání, není potřeba se jich držet do posledního puntíku. Využívejte deník tak, abyste z něj měli sami co největší užitek. Jak přece jen pravil Seneca:
„Ti, kdo tyto cesty prošlapali, nejsou našimi pány, ale průvodci. Pravda je otevřená všem, není monopolizovaná.“
The Epistemology of Logic
Compared to our appreciation of the epistemology of the sciences and mathematics, we have a relatively poor understanding of the epistemology of logic. This Element highlights three causes of this lack of progress: (i) failure to distinguish between the epistemology of logical theorising and that of good (logical) reasoning; (ii) hesitancy to base epistemology of logic on how logicians actually justify their logics, rather than our own presumptions about logic; and (iii) a presumption that the epistemology of logic must be significantly different to other research areas, such as the recognised sciences. The Element ends by highlighting what can be achieved by avoiding these pitfalls, presenting an account of theory-choice in logic, logical predictivism, motivated by actual logical practice, which suggests that the mechanisms of theory-choice in logic are not that different to those in the recognised sciences. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Seven Ways of Looking at Pointless Suffering
A reflection on the role of suffering in human existence. It’s right there in the Book of Job: “Man is born unto trouble as the sparks fly upward.” Suffering is an inescapable part of the human condition—which leads to a question that has proved just as inescapable throughout the centuries: Why? Why do we suffer? Why do people die young? Is there any point to our pain, physical or emotional? Do horrors like hurricanes have meaning? In Seven Ways of Looking at Pointless Suffering, Scott Samuelson tackles that hardest question of all. To do so, he travels through the history of philosophy and religion, but he also attends closely to the real world we live in. While always taking the question of suffering seriously, Samuelson is just as likely to draw lessons from Bugs Bunny as from Confucius, from his time teaching philosophy to prisoners as from Hannah Arendt’s attempts to come to terms with the Holocaust. He guides us through the arguments people have offered to answer this fundamental question, explores the many ways that we have tried to minimize or eliminate suffering, and examines people’s attempts to find ways to live with pointless suffering. Ultimately, Samuelson shows, to be fully human means to acknowledge a mysterious paradox: we must simultaneously accept suffering and oppose it. And understanding that is itself a step towards acceptance. Wholly accessible, and thoroughly thought-provoking, Seven Ways of Looking at Pointless Suffering is a masterpiece of philosophy, returning the field to its roots—helping us see new ways to understand, explain, and live in our world, fully alive to both its light and its darkness.
Sehnsucht - Úvod k romantické touze
Práce na základě širokého srovnávání literárních textů a výtvarného umění 19. století předkládá portrét fenoménu romantické touhy (Sehnsucht) vztažené k cíli, který je vzdálený, zahalený, nedosažitelný či skrytý. Podrobně tuto zkušenost, v níž se protíná radost a smutek, charakterizuje a pomocí metody ideálních typů představuje spektrum postojů k ní od přitakávajících po ostře kritické. Zvláště se dotýká tématu možných naprosto protikladných hodnocení Sehnsucht v rámci křesťanství. Studie ukazuje praktické důsledky jednotlivých odpovědí na otázku po vztahu mezi nekonečnou touhou a konečným světem, mezi přísliby vzdáleného naplnění a všedním dnem.
Genealógia morálky
Nietzscheho neskorá práca Genealógia morálky – polemický spis sa pokladá za jeho azda najvplyvnejšie dielo. Priamo nadväzuje na jeho prácu Mimo dobra a zla a podľa jeho vlastných slov je jej „dodatočným doplnením a ozrejmením“. Skúma v nej pôvod, historický vývoj a psychologické podmienky vzniku súčasnej západnej, kresťanstvom ovplyvnenej morálky. Na rozdiel od iných morálnych filozofov sa nepokúša odvodiť a zdôvodniť nejakú konkrétnu morálku, nezaoberá tým, ako by mali ľudia konať, ale skúma, prečo ľudia veria, že by mali konať určitým spôsobom. V prvej z troch statí svojho spisu rozlišuje „panskú“ a „otrockú“ morálku a zavádza termín „plavovlasá beštia“, v druhej analyzuje pojmy viny a zlého svedomia. V tretej podrobuje dôkladnej kritike tzv. asketické ideály, pričom oboznámenie sa s touto kritikou sa obvykle pokladá za podmienku porozumenia celej jeho neskorej filozofie. Pokiaľ ide o formálnu stránku, Nietzsche tu úplne upúšťa od aforistickej formy. Jeho výklad je systematický a konzistentný, zároveň sa však vyznačuje pre neho typickým brilantným literárnym štýlom a pôsobivým metaforickým jazykom. Genealógia morálky výrazným spôsobom ovplyvnila mnoho významných osobností, predovšetkým S. Freuda, M. Schelera a M. Foucaulta. Označuje sa tiež za dielo, ktoré v storočnom predstihu pripravovalo cestu postmodernej filozofii.
dostupné aj ako:
A felülemelkedettség művészete
,,Nem önmagam vagyok, hanem önmagam szemlélője vagyok."
A tradicionális metafizika talaján állva és onnan némelykor elrugaszkodva tárgyalja a szerző a létezés alapvető és végső kérdéseit, nem hallgatva el a szerelem és szexualitás témáját sem.
A kötet célja a jó értelemben vett provokáció, a gondolatébresztés, a termékeny vita és eszmecsere előmozdítása, valamint a buddhista-szkeptikus felülemelkedettséghez szükséges támpontok megadása.
,,A globális válság közepette a legnagyobb veszélyben az éberség forog. A modern ember ugyanúgy nem tud csendben maradni, mint ahogy nem tud befelé fordulni. Ha az éberség elvész, minden elvész. Pusztán gondolati, filozófiai, elméleti, intellektuális, hermeneutikai, tudományos és verbális síkon az emberi problémák nem oldhatók meg. Bármiféle változás csak egyéni elmélyülésből és törekvésből indulhat el."
TORNAI SZABOLCS 1971-ben született Budapesten. Író, filozófus, szerkesztő. Ez a nyolcadik önálló kötete.
The Book of Memory
'The book of you is dominated by night-black seas, sprinkled with shining island sentences: tiny islets of remembrance, glimmering in the night.'Memory isn't all that we think it is. Each time we revisit even our most deeply ingrained memories, they can soften and consolidate, distorted. Yet they also carry within them the blueprint of each person's unique style. From episodic memories like shining islands in dark water, and forgotten memories that underpin our personalities, to the memories authored by others that we carry within us, Rowlands explores our negotiations with the past and how memory makes us who we are. Drawing on the latest neurological and psychological research and on a range of writers and thinkers, The Book of Memory is a mesmerising journey into how memories are made, lost and remembered, with important consequences for how we understand ourselves.
The Immortalists
What does it mean for us all when death is treated as a glitch and Silicon Valley invests in the "science" of eternal life?
From the epic of Gilgamesh to the alchemy of the philosopher's stone, humanity's eternal quest for immortality - and its rejuvenation tricks, therapies and tinctures - has always been our most mortal endeavour.
But now the giants of invention and investment are building a fountain of youth of their own creation: one they not only engineer, but also own and control. Death is simply their next problem to solve, an expression of a hubris that regards humans as appliances to be fixed and machines to be upgraded. By harnessing technology to 'cure' ageing, and funding cutting-edge - and often controversial - research, today's immortalists are locked in an arms race to pocket the profits of longevity.
What was once a wild west of experimentation has wormed its way into Washington's corridors of power. Award-winning broadcaster and academic Aleks Krotoski journeys from cult fringes to the heartlands of government to meet the moguls, effective altruists, geroscientists and entrepreneurs who are disrupting death. Along the way she encounters radical life extensionists transfusing their teenage son's blood, transhumanists who want to upload consciousness to the cloud, biohackers flogging AI-powered wellness apps and billionaire kingmakers building brand-new nations.
This razor-sharp investigation asks: do we really want a handful of Silicon Valley powerbrokers to be the architects of our forever?
Wittgenstein
A holistic introduction to Wittgenstein’s philosophy that approaches him as a philosopher of ordinary life. One of philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein’s most consequential claims was that the meaning of the word, its sense, is its use in language. This deceptively simple claim, the foundation of what became known as ordinary language philosophy, has animated thinkers across disciplinary bounds from metaphysics to ethics and more. In The Senses of Use, Sandra Laugier embarks on a fresh journey through Wittgenstein’s corpus that emphasizes the place of ordinary life and language in its thought. Through his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Philosophical Investigations, and rich posthumously published works, Laugier offers a compelling new look at Wittgenstein as a philosopher of mind.
Virality Vitality
Reveals the fragility of basic scientific concepts through the unstable relationship between viruses and life, calling for a deconstructive reading to grapple with their theoretical and political effects. Virality Vitality explores the history and present of the life sciences and virology, focusing on moments of disruption that reveal the instability of the most basic concepts guiding scientific knowledge and their practical or political consequences. From their "discovery" to present-day experiments in synthetic virology, viruses have given rise to upheavals in our models of life because of the difficulty of rigorously distinguishing life from virus, self from other. The virus has been compared to a gene, to an agent of life's heredity and immunity, and we humans depend on the fossils of ancient viral infections in our genome in order to bear children. Can a parasite give birth to its host? To interpret the nonoppositional relationship of virality and vitality, this book draws on the work of Jacques Derrida and the growing field of biodeconstruction that has emerged from his posthumously published work on genetics. In turn, Virality Vitality suggests a novel approach to questions of the agency of "matter" or the "nonhuman," often raised in Anthropocene studies, the material turn, and ecocriticism. Nothing is more natural than the artificiality of the borders drawn, maintained, and displaced by the living and their viruses, by virality-vitality. The inscription of these borders remains to be read, and thus deconstructive textuality is anything but opposed to the sciences and what they call life.
Beyond Elemental Loss
Offers an important and innovative contribution to environmental philosophy by investigating loss in times of anthropogenic climate change through the elements of water, fire, air, and earth. Beyond Elemental Loss offers an important and innovative contribution to environmental philosophy by investigating loss in times of anthropogenic climate change through the elements of water, fire, air, and earth. Marjolein Oele argues that the current experience of loss prompts a reassessment of the conventional meaning and conceptualization of loss. She proposes that such loss is best understood through infinitesimal, diachronic shifts occurring in the elemental constellations that structure the world-water, fire, air, and earth-and humanity's incremental inability to cognitively and affectively make sense of this world increasingly transformed by anthropogenic forces. Through a generous yet critical reading of a broad range of interdisciplinary sources tracing changes in our relationship to the elemental over time, Oele's scholarship plumbs the history of philosophy as much as it pulls from Indigenous philosophies, continental thought, mythologies, anthropological and historical sources, science, and ecology. The book's argumentative arc ultimately directs our attention toward constructive transformations in our cognitive and affective habits, and it argues that trust can bring us beyond elemental loss.
A Death of the World
Offers a description of what happens to survivors after a death, based on the effect this death has on the survivor's relation to the spatial and temporal world occupied after the loss of the deceased. A Death of the World offers a phenomenological description of what happens to the world for those who survive the death of someone. Bringing Jacques Derrida's works into conversation with the philosophies of Martin Heidegger, Emmanuel Levinas, Jean-Luc Marion, Maurice Blanchot, and Claude Romano; the poetry and literature of Paul Celan, W. H. Auden, Emily Dickinson, Ovid, and Jonathan Safran Foer; and psychological works concerning trauma, mourning, epigenetics, and memory, author Harris B. Bechtol provides interdisciplinary language for understanding the death of the other as an event. He argues that such death must be understood as an event because this death is more than just the loss of the other who has died insofar as the meaning of the world to and with this other is also lost. Such loss manifests itself through the transformations of both the spaces in which meaning takes place and the lived time of a survivor's world. These transformations of the world culminate in his account of workless mourning, which establishes the contours of the life after these deaths of the world.
Tao Te Ching
'All things end in the Tao just as the small streams and the largest rivers flow through the valleys to the sea.'
The Tao Te Ching came into existence some 2,500 years ago, since when it has become the most influential text of Eastern philosophy. Best translated as The Classic of the Way and its Power (or Virtue), its teachings are of simplicity, humility, and 'non-action', and its cadenced poetry is at once spare and profound.
This beautifully illustrated silkbound slipcase edition features exquisite full-colour Chinese images that bring out the timeless wisdom of the text and it subtle guidance on how to live well.
Meditations
Meditations is a classic work of Stoic philosophy, collecting the personal writings and spiritual reflections by the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. His thoughts on how to lead a virtuous life, the importance of tranquillity and his ideas on how to reconcile the challenges of public and private life have become one of the world's most important books.
Featuring the classic translation by George Long, this luxurious silkbound edition features beautiful full-colour illustrations, opulent gold cover embossing and a handsome decorative slipcase.
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The Serpent's Tale
There is a standard narrative that recurs throughout popular writings on yoga and tantra, from South Asian texts to Western esoteric thought: K? lini is the Serpent Power. She rests coiled at the base of the spine. If awakened, this divine feminine energy rises toward the crown of the head. Some are apprehensive of K? lini’s intense power, fearing physical and psychological turmoil. Others seek it out, hungry for experiences, both spiritual and sensual. But what does this story leave out? What are its cultural and historical roots? What do the many ways of experiencing K? lini tell us about this elusive phenomeno? he Serpent’s Tale traces the intricate global histories of K? lini, from its Sanskrit origins to its popularity in the West. Sravana Borkataky-Varma and Anya Foxen explore its symbolic link with the serpent, its fraught connections to sexuality, and its commercialization in the form of K? lini yoga. Ranging from esoteric texts to global gurus, from the cliffs of California to the charnel grounds of Assam, they show that there has never been one single “authentic” model of K? lini but a multiplicity of visions. Bridging the gaps between textual and historical analysis and the complexities of embodied practice, Borkataky-Varma and Foxen reflect on the narration and transmission of experiences, including their own. Lively, accessible, and nuanced, The Serpent’s Tale offers rich insights for scholars, practitioners, and all readers drawn to K? lini.
The Metaphysics of Legal Facts
This Element tackles the question of how – in what way, and in virtue of what – facts about the legal properties and relations of particulars (such as their rights, duties, powers, etc.) are metaphysically explained. This question is divided into two separate issues. First, the Element focuses on the nature of the explanatory relation connecting legal facts to their metaphysical determinants. Second, it looks into the kinds of entities that figure in the explanation of legal facts. In doing so, special attention is paid to the role that laws, or legal norms, play in such explanations. As it turns out, there are different ways in which legal facts might be explained, all of which have something to be said in their favor, and none of which is immune from problems. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Filozofická literatúra obsahuje široký výber kníh a diel, ktoré vás zavedú do sveta myslenia, poznania a existencie. Knihy o filozofii podnecujú hlboké uvažovanie o základných otázkach ľudskej skúsenosti a prinášajú významné myšlienky a teórie od svetoznámych filozofov.
V kategórii Filozofia nájdete diela od najznámejších filozofov, ako je Platón, Aristoteles, Immanuel Kant či Friedrich Nietzsche. Ich myšlienky a teórie formovali filozofické disciplíny ako etika, metafyzika, politika a ďalšie.
Nájdete tu knihy, ktoré sa zaoberajú otázkami o podstate poznania, morálky a ľudskej existencie.
Okrem svetových autorov sa môžete tiež zoznámiť so slovenskými filozofmi, ako je Martin Heidegger a Miroslav Marcelli, ktorí prispeli k rozvoju filozofických myšlienok a teórií.
Objavte rozmanitosť prístupov a perspektív, ktoré vám pomôžu hlbšie porozumieť mysleniu, existencii a spoločnosti.
