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Human Cognitive Diversity
We humans are diverse. But how to understand human diversity in the case of cognitive diversity? This Element discusses how to properly investigate human behavioural and cognitive diversity, how to scientifically represent, and how to explain cognitive diversity. Since there are various methodological approaches and explanatory agendas across the cognitive and behavioural sciences, which can be more or less useful for understanding human diversity, a critical analysis is needed. And as the controversial study of sex and gender differences in cognition illustrates, the scientific representations and explanations put forward matter to society and impact public policy, including policies on mental health. But how to square the vision of human cognitive diversity with the assumption that we all share one human nature? Is cognitive diversity something to be positively valued? The author engages with these questions in connection with the issues of neurodiversity, cognitive disability, and essentialist construals of human nature.
Toward a New Humanism
“Written in 1940, and available here for the first time ever in English, Samuel Ramos’ Toward a New Humanism is a prescient discussion of humanism, technology, mortality, and the tensions between the national and the universal. In addition to Sanchez’s thoughtful introduction, his superb translation of Ramos’s text, and the informative editorial notes running throughout, this volume is further enriched by the inclusion of translations of other, earlier, essays—written by Ramos and other influential philosophers from the period--on related topics as well as translations of assessments of Ramos’s ‘new humanism'' by other leading philosophers in mid-century Mexico. More than eighty-five years after its original publication--and in this era of renewed global conflicts—Ramos’s call for a profound rethinking and reshaping of modern culture and society is as timely as when it was written, and Sanchez is to be commended for making this important text available for a new generation of readers.”—Manuel Vargas and Clinton Tolley, Mexican Philosophy Lab, UC San Diego
Daodejing
''Of ways you may speak, but not the Perennial Way;By names you may name, but not the Perennial Name.''The best-loved of all the classical books of China and the most universally popular, the Daodejing or Classic of the Way and Life-Force is a work that defies definition. It encapsulates the main tenets of Daoism, and upholds a way of being as well as a philosophy and a religion. The dominant image is of the Way, the mysterious path through the whole cosmos modelled on the great Silver River or Milky Way that traverses the heavens. A life-giving stream, the Way gives rise to all things and holds them in her motherly embrace. It enables the individual, and society as a whole, to harmonize the disparate demands of daily life and achieve a more profound level of understanding.This new translation draws on the latest archaeological finds and brings out the word play and poetry of the original. Simple commentary accompanies the text, and the introduction provides further historical and interpretative context. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World''s Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford''s commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
The Art of War (The Concise Classic)
THE MOST IMPACTFUL LESSONS OF SUN TZU PAIRED WITH THOUGHTFUL ANALYSIS AND MODERN APPLICATIONS IN AN ELEGANT AND ACCESSIBLE FORMATSun Tzu''s The Art of War is a timeless masterpiece of strategy and leadership, celebrated for its profound insights into preparation, adaptability, and the importance of understanding both oneself and others. Originally conceived as a military manual, its lessons have transcended their origins to become essential reading for anyone navigating challenges in life, business, and creativity. Its brilliance lies in its subtle, universal wisdom, which remains strikingly relevant after more than two millennia.This edition will help you master the art of strategy and apply it to your own life. With engaging double-page spreads, it curates Sun Tzu''s key strategies, pairing them with modern analysis and practical applications you can use immediately. Calibrated to deliver timeless, perspective-shifting insights rapidly and directly, it reveals the strategies that have shaped leaders across the ages and continue to inspire today.WHY NOT EXPLORE FURTHER CONCISE CLASSICS FROM THIS SERIES?Also available: Think and Grow Rich, Meditations, The Prophet, and Autobiography of a Yogi.
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Meditations (The Concise Classic)
THE MOST IMPACTFUL LESSONS OF MARCUS AURELIUS PAIRED WITH THOUGHTFUL ANALYSIS AND MODERN APPLICATIONS IN AN ELEGANT AND ACCESSIBLE FORMATMarcus Aurelius'' Meditations is a timeless reflection on resilience, mindfulness, and leading with integrity, widely considered one of the most important texts in Western philosophy. Written as private notes by a Roman emperor, its brilliance lies in its raw honesty and profound simplicity. Aurelius offers reflections on human nature, the fleetingness of life, and the value of virtue, creating a guide to living with purpose and grace even in the face of adversity. The insights he shares are strikingly modern, resonating with readers seeking clarity and calm amidst life''s chaos.The Concise Edition distills Aurelius'' thoughts into engaging double-page spreads, pairing his core teachings with thoughtful analysis and modern applications. With its accessible format, this edition invites you to embrace Stoicism and immediately cultivate purpose and tranquility in your life. Calibrated to deliver the key, timeless, perspective-shifting insights rapidly and directly, it will open the door to a world of wisdom and help you learn the best lessons from one of the greatest texts in human history.WHY NOT EXPLORE FURTHER CONCISE CLASSICS FROM THIS SERIES? Also available: Think and Grow Rich, The Art of War, The Prophet and Autobiography of a Yogi.
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Why Plato Matters Now
Professor Angie Hobbs proves in this persuasive and intelligent book that Plato is more relevant than ever. Does Plato matter? An ancient philosopher whose work has inspired and informed countless thinkers and poets across the centuries, his ideas are no longer taught as widely as they once were. But, as Angie Hobbs argues in this clear-sighted book, that is a mistake. If we want to understand the world we live in – from democracy, autocracy and fake news to celebrity, cancel culture and what money can and cannot do – there is no better place to start than Plato. Exploring the intersection between the ancient and the modern, Professor Hobbs shows how Plato can help us address key questions concerning the nature of a flourishing life and community, healthcare, love and friendship, heroism, reality, art and myth-making. She also shows us how Plato’s adaptation of the Socratic method and dialogue form can enable us to deal with contested issues more constructively. Plato’s methodology, arguments, ideas and vivid images are explained with a clarity suitable both for readers familiar with his work and for those approaching Plato for the first time. This book shows why Plato really matters, now more than ever.
The Tao of Pooh & The Te of Piglet
"It's hard to be brave,' said Piglet, sniffing slightly, "when you're only a Very Small Animal."
Rabbit, who had begun to write very busily, looked up and said: "It is because you are a very small animal that you will be useful in the adventure before us."
Winnie-the-Pooh has a certain way about him, a way of doing things that has made him the world's most beloved bear, and Pooh's Way, as Benjamin Hoff brilliantly demonstrates, seems strangely close to the ancient Chinese principles of Taoism. And as for Piglet, he embodies the very important principle of Te, meaning Virtue of the Small. Benjamin Hoff's explanations of Taoism and Te through Pooh and Piglet show that this is not an ancient and remote philosophy but something that you can use, here and now.
An utterly unique book which makes complex concepts accessible with a little help from Pooh and his friends from the Hundred Acre Wood. Pooh may be a Bear of Very Little Brain but there are lessons to be learned from his approach to life. Beautifully decorated by E.H.Shepard.
The World Exists to Set Us Free
Down-to-earth wisdom on how to live a life of authenticity and spiritual integrity, from one of the West?s most respected teachers of vipassana meditation.How does dharma wisdom show up in our lives every day? This collection of teachings by the beloved Insight Meditation teacher Larry Rosenberg offers clear, down-to-earth guidance on learning how to live a life informed by Buddhism?through questioning, reflective observation, and self-understanding. Rosenberg is known for presenting the essence of the Buddhism in a way that is unvarnished, utterly accessible, and that resonates with a wide audience. Here he unpacks?with his signature engaging and iconoclastic style?such topics as meditation, silence, use of the breath, self-knowing, working with strong emotions, intimacy, illness and grief, among others. There are few teachers who so epitomize the idea of ?spiritual friend? in the way that Larry Rosenberg does. His teachings give a clear sense that dharma is very much a part of everyday life. This book is also informed by what Rosenberg considers his deeper and more immediate understanding of dharma that has come in recent years?a period marked in his own life by illness and disability?and in the life of the planet by a deadly pandemic, war, an existential climate crisis, and pervasive technological distraction.An introductory essay, written by journalist and author Madeline Drexler, serves as a spiritual biography of Rosenberg, presenting his reflections on more than half a century of dedicated dharma practice and instruction. This essay illuminates what, for Rosenberg, were profound turning points and moments of realization?his long apprenticeships with foundational figures in twentieth-century Buddhism, including Ajahn Chah, Thich Nhat Hanh, Seung Sahn, and Ajahn Buddhadasa, as well as Indian philosopher Jiddu Krishnamurti.
The Daimon and the Soul of the West
We, Western minds, have forgotten who we are, despite having never once stopped being who we are. W? e lost touch with the impersonal, Daimonic forces that give us direction and the sacrificial nature of our existence. No longer do we realize that our lives aren't, have never been, and will never be about ourselves. Consequently, we've lost our ability to sense the immanent context that couches our lives in meaning and purpose. Our alienation from our own inborn nature and role has led to a tragic schism: a divorce between essence and narrative, being and action. This book is an effort to help heal this schism. I? about re-encountering our natural selves and guiding Daimon, re-tuning into the archetypal dispositions we embody, and re-learning how to navigate the choppy waters of life in a spontaneous and fulfilling manner.
Augustine the African
''Engaging, thoughtful, and illuminating'' Madeline Miller''A long-needed survey of the great theologian'' Rowan WilliamsAugustine of Hippo is one of the world''s most influential theologians, an early Christian writer whose work shaped the course of Western philosophy. Born in Numidia in 354 CE, Augustine''s African identity has long been painfully denied. But it was foundational to his thinking and faith. Drawing on original sources and the Augustinian texts themselves, world-renowned scholar Catherine Conybeare traces Augustine''s travels from North Africa to the European continent and back again, placing his African origins firmly at the centre of his story. A tale of exile, faith and identity, Augustine the African upends conventional knowledge about one of Christianity''s most celebrated saints, and recentres Africa as the locus of early Catholic intellectual activity - with Europe on the periphery.
Personal Ontology
What are we? Are we, for example, souls, organisms, brains, or something else? In this book, Andrew Brenner argues that there are principled obstacles to our discovering the answer to this fundamental metaphysical question. The main competing accounts of personal ontology hold that we are either souls (or composites of soul and body), or we are composite physical objects of some sort, but, as Brenner shows, arguments for either of these options can be parodied and transformed into their opposites. Brenner also examines arguments for and against the existence of the self, offers a detailed discussion of the metaphysics of several afterlife scenarios - resurrection, reincarnation, and mind uploading -- and considers whether agnosticism with respect to personal ontology should lead us to agnosticism with respect to the possibility of life after death.
Platonist Women
This Element examines the roles and activities of women and their contributions to the Platonic tradition from Plato's time-fourth century BCE- through to the sixth century CE. Drawing on recent research on female agency, gender studies and the connections between ancient philosophy and religious traditions, this Element re-assesses the multi-faceted roles of women within Platonism. Methodologically, any assessment of ancient women philosophers must consider the contexts of the production, transmission and (partial) survival of the range of evidence attesting to their activities, and the historical minimisation or elision of women's intellectual contributions within the western philosophical tradition, science and the academy. As such, this Element argues that the existing evidence allows us to glimpse a much wider pattern of female philosophical and intellectual activity within the Platonic tradition and that we should be careful not to underestimate or minimise the significance of ancient women within the history of Platonism.
Resistance to Evidence
We have increasingly sophisticated ways of acquiring and communicating knowledge, but efforts to spread this knowledge often encounter resistance to evidence. The phenomenon of resistance to evidence, while subject to thorough investigation in social psychology, is acutely under-theorised in the philosophical literature. Mona Simion's book is concerned with positive epistemology: it argues that we have epistemic obligations to update and form beliefs on available and undefeated evidence. In turn, our resistance to easily available evidence is unpacked as an instance of epistemic malfunctioning. Simion develops a full positive, integrated epistemological picture in conjunction with novel accounts of evidence, defeat, norms of inquiry, permissible suspension, and disinformation. Her book is relevant for anyone with an interest in the nature of evidence and justified belief and in the best ways to avoid the high-stakes practical consequences of evidence resistance in policy and practice. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Origins of Inequality and Policies to Contain It
Joseph E. Stiglitz has had a remarkable career. He is a brilliant academic, capped by sharing the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics and the Nobel Peace Prize, and honorary degrees from Harvard, Cambridge, Oxford and more than fifty other universities, and elected not only to the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Letters but the Royal Society and the British Academy; a public servant, who served as Chair of President Clinton''s Council of Economic Advisors and Chief Economist and Senior Vice President of the World Bank, headed international commissions for the UN and France, and was awarded the French Legion of Honor and Australia''s Sydney Peace Prize; a public intellectual whose numerous books on vital topics have been best sellers. What brought him to economics were his concerns about the inequality and discrimination he saw growing up. Wanting to understand what drives it and what can be done about it has been his lifelong passion. This book gathers together and extends to new frontiers this lifelong work, drawing upon the challenges and insights of each of these phases of his career. In a still very widely cited paper written fifty years ago, Stiglitz set forth the fundamental framework for analyzing intergenerational transfer of wealth and advantage, which plays a central role in persistent inequality. That and subsequent work, developed most fully here for the first time, described today''s inequality as a result of centrifugal forces increasing inequality and centripetal forces reducing it. In recent decades, the centrifugal forces have strengthened, the centripetal forces weakened. His general theory provides a framework for understanding the marked growth in inequality in recent decades, and for devising policies to reduce it. A central message is that ever-increasing inequality is not inevitable. Inequality is, in a fundamental sense, a choice. Stiglitz explains that inequality does not largely arise from differences in savings rates between capitalists and others, though that may play a role (as Piketty, Marx, and Kaldor suggest); but rather, it originates importantly from the rules of the game, which have weakened the bargaining power of workers as they have increased the market power of corporations. He also explains how monetary authorities have contributed to increasing wealth inequality, and how, unless something is done about it, likely changes in technology such as AI and robotization will make matters worse. He describes policies that can simultaneously reduce inequality and improve economic performance.
Decolonizing Language and Other Revolutionary Ideas
A new collection of literary criticism and brilliant insights from one of the giants of contemporary thinking
Who owns language? In Decolonizing Language and Other Revolutionary Ideas, Ngugi wa Thiong'o presents a series of essays that build on his vast wealth of work on language and its constructive role in national culture, history, and identity. Intricate, nuanced and accessible, it reaffirms the revolutionary power of African languages to fight back against both the psychic and material impacts of colonialism, past and present.
With immense relevance to our present moment, Decolonizing Language and Other Revolutionary Ideas is a brilliant distillation of the enduring themes of Ngugi's work and a vital addition to the library of one of the world's greatest and most provocative writers.
Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals
[T]he present groundwork is nothing more than the identification and vindication of the supreme principle of morality.'' In the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), Immanuel Kant makes clear his two central intentions: first, to uncover the principle that underpins morality, and secondly to defend its applicability to human beings. The result is one of the most significant texts in the history of ethics, and a masterpiece of Enlightenment thinking. Kant argues that moral law tells us to act only in ways that others could also act, thereby treating them as ends in themselves and not merely as means. Kant contends that despite apparent threats to our freedom from science, and to ethics from our self-interest, we can nonetheless take ourselves to be free rational agents, who as such have a motivation to act on this moral law, and thus the ability to act as moral beings.One of the most studied works of moral philosophy, this new translation by Robert Stern, Joe Saunders, and Christopher Bennett illuminates this famous text for modern readers.
O Panně Marii v Teologické sumě
V této části Teologické sumy (STh III, q. 27–30) Tomáš analyzuje teologické argumenty převzaté z Písma, Tradice, církevních otců a koncilů, které objasňují život a vlastnosti Matky Boží v úzké souvislosti s početím a narozením Krista. Hlavním východiskem je zde pro Tomáše událost Zvěstování a Mariino mateřství. Výklad je především důkladnou analýzou biblických zpráv o událostech a srovnáním interpretací církevních otců a prohlášení církevních koncilů. Tomášova nauka v tomto textu představuje nepochybně jeho vyzrálé období teologa a stala se impulsem k dalšímu rozvinutí mariologie.
Guardrails
How society can shape individual actions in times of uncertaintyWhen we make decisions, our thinking is informed by societal norms, “guardrails” that guide our decisions, like the laws and rules that govern us. But what are good guardrails in today’s world of overwhelming information flows and increasingly powerful technologies, such as artificial intelligence? Based on the latest insights from the cognitive sciences, economics, and public policy, Guardrails offers a novel approach to shaping decisions by embracing human agency in its social context. In this visionary book, Urs Gasser and Viktor Mayer-Schönberger show how the quick embrace of technological solutions can lead to results we don’t always want, and they explain how society itself can provide guardrails more suited to the digital age, ones that empower individual choice while accounting for the social good, encourage flexibility in the face of changing circumstances, and ultimately help us to make better decisions as we tackle the most daunting problems of our times, such as global injustice and climate change. Whether we change jobs, buy a house, or quit smoking, thousands of decisions large and small shape our daily lives. Decisions drive our economies, seal the fate of democracies, create war or peace, and affect the well-being of our planet. Guardrails challenges the notion that technology should step in where our own decision making fails, laying out a surprisingly human-centered set of principles that can create new spaces for better decisions and a more innovative and prosperous society.
Meeting the Myriad Things
A fresh commentary on Dogen?s most famous teaching that offers a concise guide to awakening Buddha mind for the contemporary Zen practitioner.In the words of Eihei Dogen, the thirteenth-century Buddhist monk who introduced the Soto school of Zen to Japan, ?To study the Buddha way is to study the self. To study the self is to forget the self. To forget the self is to be actualized by myriad things.? Centuries later, these enigmatic words from his seminal Genjokoan (?Actualizing the Fundamental Point?) are still studied in Zen communities the world over.But what did Dogen really mean when he encouraged studying the self to forget the self? In this innovative new commentary, respected Zen teacher Shinshu Roberts takes readers on a journey to understand Japan?s great Buddhist philosopher. In contrast to prevailing Western commentaries, Robert''s applies her deep familiarity with Dogen?s work to illuminate the text as a cohesive whole?a unified story in which Dogen teaches how to develop one?s eye of practice.In addition to a full translation of Dogen?s Genjokoan, this volume includes the commentary Okikigaki-sho (?Notes of What Was Heard and Extracted?) written by two of Dogen?s direct students?the first time an English translation of this highly influential work has appeared in print.
Filozofická literatúra obsahuje široký výber kníh a diel, ktoré vás zavedú do sveta myslenia, poznania a existencie. Knihy o filozofii podnecujú hlboké uvažovanie o základných otázkach ľudskej skúsenosti a prinášajú významné myšlienky a teórie od svetoznámych filozofov.
V kategórii Filozofia nájdete diela od najznámejších filozofov, ako je Platón, Aristoteles, Immanuel Kant či Friedrich Nietzsche. Ich myšlienky a teórie formovali filozofické disciplíny ako etika, metafyzika, politika a ďalšie.
Nájdete tu knihy, ktoré sa zaoberajú otázkami o podstate poznania, morálky a ľudskej existencie.
Okrem svetových autorov sa môžete tiež zoznámiť so slovenskými filozofmi, ako je Martin Heidegger a Miroslav Marcelli, ktorí prispeli k rozvoju filozofických myšlienok a teórií.
Objavte rozmanitosť prístupov a perspektív, ktoré vám pomôžu hlbšie porozumieť mysleniu, existencii a spoločnosti.
